Guidelines for Students Module- 1

Class: X Chapter: 1 Development Subject: Social Studies

Topics Differences between Growth & Development

Check your child’s prior 1. When you can say that improvement is taking place?
knowledge (Encourage
your child to answer the
following questions in
complete sentences)

What your child will learn? 1) Difference between growth and development
2) People have different developmental goals

Tips to explain the topics: - Are the two terms growth and development same? No, there are slight differences
between two terms.
Whenever there is quantitative improvement in any data it is termed as growth whereas
the qualitative and quantitative growth is known as development.

Economic growth is the increase in goods & Services produced by an economy or

nation, considered for a specific period of time. The rise in the country’s output of
goods and services is steady and constant and may be caused by an improvement in
the quality of education, improvements in technology or in any way if there is a value
addition in goods and services which is produced by every sector of the economy. It
can be measured as a percentage increase in real gross domestic product.
Economic Development is the process focusing on both qualitative and quantitative
growth of the economy. It measures all the aspects which include people in a country
become wealthier, healthier, better educated, and have greater access to good quality
housing. Economic Development can create more opportunities in the sectors of
education, healthcare, employment and the conservation of the environment. It
indicates an increase in the per capita income of every citizen. The standard of living
includes various things like safe drinking water, improve sanitation systems, medical
facilities, the spread of primary education to improve literacy rate, eradication of
poverty, balanced transport networks, increase in employment opportunities etc.
Quality of living standard is the major indicator of economic development. Therefore,
an increase in economic development is more necessary for an economy to achieve
the status of a Developed Nation.
Gross Development Report: It is the value of all the final goods and services
produced within a country in a particular year.
Different people have different goals for development because their aspirations,
Guidelines for Students Module- 1

desires, needs as well as their life situation differs from each other. it is also because
of economic, social and cultural needs of every person changes accordingly.
Important aspects of development are:
(i) Different persons can have different developmental goals.
(ii) What may be development for one may not be development for the other.
Development is a positive growth or change in economic, social and political
aspects of a country.
For ex- the developmental goals for a teacher are:
 His students are performing better.
 Better work culture
Similarly the developmental goals for students will be :
 Getting good marks in exam.
 Better career option. etc

Vocabulary Growth, Development, Gross Domestic Product

Facts Different persons have different notions of development because life scenarios of
persons are different. Some persons are poor and some are rich. They think about
those things which are most important to them. Poor person will think about his basic
needs such as food, clothing and shelter.

Activity Do page no 4 and 6 .

NCERT QUESTIONS
Development of a country can generally be determined by:
a) Its per capita income
b) Average literacy level
c) Health status of people
d) All the above
REFERENCE QUESTIONS
 Why do people have different developmental goals?
 Differentiate between growth and development.
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Guidelines for Students Module- 1

Class: X Chapter: 1 Development Subject: Social Studies

Topics Measurement of Development

Check your child’s prior  What are the conditions that can be termed as development?
knowledge (Encourage  Different people have different developmental goals because their priorities
your child to answer the are different.
following questions in
complete sentences)

What your child will learn?  The different developmental goals can be conflicting as well.
 What are the different ways to measure development?
 Refer to page no.6-9

Tips to explain the topics: -  It is true that development for one may not be the development for the other.It
may be even destructive for the other. Different person may have different
developmental goals. It can be concluded from the following examples:
 Industrialists for their electricity requirement may want more dams but that
displace many poor people from their surroundings
 Another example is building of thermal or nuclear power plants. Their
development may give benefit to many people by supplying them the electricity.
But the people whose land was acquired and the people living in.
1. The idea of development or progress has always been with us.
2. We have aspirations or desires about what we would like to do and how we
would like to live.
3. In this chapter, we shall make a beginning for understanding development.
4. It is only through a democratic political progess that these hopes and
possibilities can be achieved in real life.
What development promises – different people, different goals:
1. People seek things that are most important for them, i.e., that which can
fulfill their aspirations for desires.
2. In fact, at times, two persons or group of persons may seek things which are
conflicting.
3. So two things are quite clear:
a) Different persons can have different development goals.
b) What may be developed for the others. It may even be destructive for the
other.
WAYS TO MEASURE DEVELOPMENT

Average Income Human

Development Index
Average Income: It is used by World Bank. The ratio of total income and total
number of people is known as average income. We use averages because they are
useful for
Guidelines for Students Module- 1

comparing differing quantities of the same category. For example, to compute the per
capita income of a country, averages have to be used because there are differences in
the incomes of diverse people.
1. Why do we use averages?
Ans: We use averages because:
a) It is easy to calculate.
b) Helps in taking a quick glance of the vast data.
c) It helps in comparing the development of countries / states.
Limitation of Averages: The use of averages have been stopped because of its
limitations:
a) Sometimes the data may be misleading as it doesn’t give the correct picture of the
entire data. It can be made be made clear by the following example; If there are
four people with monthly income of rs. 500, 1500, 5000 and 50000. The average
income of the four persons will be Rs. 14,250. The data is neither close to the
minimum value nor for the maximum number. How can we rely on the data?
b) Therefore its use to measure development has been stopped.
c) Averages do not give us any information regarding the non materialistic goods
and services.
d) It is a narrow approach as it doesn’t take into consideration the social
parameters.
e) It is affected by extreme values.

Vocabulary Average Income

Facts India ranks 70th in terms of average annual income. India’s annual average income is
$1670 per year.
Guidelines for Students Module- 1

Activity Do questions on page number 7.

NCERT QUESTIONS
1. What is the main criterion used by World bank in classifying different countries?
2. What are the limitations of this criterion?
3. Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with
your own example.
Ans: Average is a single value which summarizes the characteristics of mass of data.
Since countries have different populations, total income does not tell us what an
average person is likely to earn. This is known as the average income. That is why we
use averages or average income for measuring development. There are some
limitations to their use such as:
 An average is influenced by extreme values.
 An average may not give an idea about the formation of the series. In other words,
average income does not tell us about how this income is distributed among the
people.
For example,
a) In UP only 19% of the rural female is literate while the national average of
literacy rates of India i 64.84% for 2001.
b) Per capita income of Bihar for 2002-03 is Rs.5700 while that of India for the same
INTEXT QUESTIONS
 Give three examples where an average is used for comparing situations.
 Why do you think average income is an important criterion for
development? Explain.
 Besides size of per capita income, what other property of income is
important in comparing two nations?
 Suppose records show that the average income of country has been
increasing over a period of time. From this, can we conclude that all the
sections of the country have become better? Illustrate your answer with
the help of an example.
REFERENCE QUESTIONS
 The developmental goals can be conflicting as well. Justify your answer by
giving suitable example.
 On what basis the high and low income countries have been categorized in
the world? What are the limitations of this approach? According to world
development report 2006 India comes in which category? Give reason for
the same.
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