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Development

Uploaded by

audichaturveddi6
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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APEEJAYS SCHOOL, NOIDA

CLASS X

ECONOMICS

CHAPTER- DEVELOPMENT

Q1. What is Economic Development?

Ans. a. Economic development refers to the quantitative growth taking place in a country.

b. It is measured by increase in the production of goods and services in an economy.

c. It is measured on the basis of national and per capita income of the country.

Q2. Enlist the economic indicators of development.

Ans. a. National and per capita income show the level of economic development. Higher the
income, higher the level of economic development.

b. National income: total value of all goods and services produced within a country plus the
income coming from abroad.

c. Per capita income: the average income of the people of the country during the year. It is
calculated by using the formula:

Per capita income = National income

Total population

Q3. What criterion is being used by the World Bank as per World Report, 2006, in classifying
different countries?

Ans. a. World Bank says that countries with the per capita income of Rs 4,53,000 per annum above
in 2004 are called rich countries and those with the per capita income of Rs 37,000 or less are called
low-income countries.

b. India comes in the category of low-income countries because its per capita income in 2004
was just in Rs 28,000 per annum.

c. Rich countries excluding the countries of Middle East and certain other small countries are
generally called developed countries.

Q4. What do you understand by Human Development?

Ans. a. Human Development is a human centered approach towards development.

b. It is concerned with the well being of people and takes into consideration their needs,
choices and aspirations.
c. It helps people to live a happy, purposeful and creative life of their choice.

d. It concerns all people- rich or poor.

Q5. Enumerate the indicators used for measuring the levels of human development.

Ans. The quality of life and the level of human well being are difficult to measure qualitatively.
However, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has developed a composite index,
now known as Human Development Index (HDI) for all the countries of the world. It is published
annually in human development report (HDR) since 1990.

1. The human development index (HDI) is a cumulative measurement of :


a. Per capita income
b. Life expectancy at birth
c. Literacy rate for 15+ years of population
d. Gross enrolment ratio for three levels
2. Per capita income is calculated in dollars for all countries so that it can be compared. It is also
done in a way so that every dollar would buy the same amount of goods and services.
3. Life expectancy at birth denotes the average expected length of life of a person at the time of
birth.
4. Literacy rate measures the proportion of literate population in 15 and above age group.
5. Gross enrolment ratio for three levels means enrolment ratio for primary school, secondary
school, and higher education beyond secondary school.

Q6. Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use?

Ans. The averages are used in the case of comparing variables between two or more countries.

a. It is a useful method of drawing out conclusions on the basis of the income but it hides disparities.
b. The average income does not tell about the income that is distributed among the people as the
total population of the country varies.

Q7. Which factor other than income are important aspects of our life?

Ans. Besides income, other aspects of our life are:

a. Education
b. Healthy
c. Equality
d. Freedom and security
e. Respect for each other.

Q8. "People have different goals." Justify.

Ans. a. People have different developmental goals because their life situations are different.

b. They seek things that are most important for them, that is, which can fulfil their aspirations.

c. For example, a landless rural labourer would wish to have more days more days of work
and
better wages, whereas a prosperous farmer would wish to have higher family income

through higher support prices for his crops.

Q9. Distinguish between Human Development and Economic Development.

Ans.

Human development
Economic Development
1. Human development is a human centered approach towards the development.
1. Economic development is indicated and measured by quantity of goods and services produced
in a country.
2. A broad concept which includes both monetary and nonmonetary aspects
2. A narrow concept which includes only the
monetary aspects.
3. A process of quantitative and qualitative growth.
3. A process which includes only quantitative
growth.
4. Measured as a cumulative index of longevity, knowledge of decent standard of living
4. Measured by the quantity of goods and
Services produced within the country.
5. End or final goal of development.
5. Means to achieve the human development.

Q10. What is sustainable development? Why is it important?

Ans. Sustainable development is the process of economic development which aims at maintaining
the quality of life both present and future generations without harming the natural resources and
environment.

Q11. Why do we take average income to compare two countries?

Ans. Since countries have different populations comparing total income does not tell us what an
average person is likely to learn, hence we compare the average income which is the total income of
the country divide by its total population. It is also called per capita income.

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