Solution_21_common

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ESE 2021 : Prelims Exam GENERAL STUDIES &

CLASSROOM TEST SERIES ENGINEERING APTITUDE
Answer Key & Solutions of
Full Syllabus Test 5
Test No. 21
1. (b) 21. (b) 41. (a) 61. (c) 81. (d)
2. (c) 22. (a) 42. (a) 62. (d) 82. (c)
3. (b) 23. (c) 43. (b) 63. (c) 83. (c)
4. (a) 24. (b) 44. (d) 64. (b) 84. (a)
5. (b) 25. (b) 45. (c) 65. (d) 85. (b)
6. (b) 26. (c) 46. (b) 66. (d) 86. (a)
7. (c) 27. (d) 47. (b) 67. (d) 87. (c)
8. (a) 28. (b) 48. (b) 68. (a) 88. (d)
9. (a) 29. (b) 49. (d) 69. (d) 89. (b)
10. (b) 30. (c) 50. (d) 70. (d) 90. (c)
11. (c) 31. (c) 51. (b) 71. (c) 91. (c)
12. (d) 32. (c) 52. (c) 72. (b) 92. (d)
13. (b) 33. (b) 53. (c) 73. (c) 93. (b)
14. (c) 34. (a) 54. (a) 74. (c) 94. (b)
15. (d) 35. (c) 55. (d) 75. (d) 95. (b)
16. (c) 36. (b) 56. (b) 76. (a) 96. (d)
17. (a) 37. (c) 57. (b) 77. (b) 97. (d)
18. (c) 38. (c) 58. (c) 78. (c) 98. (c)
19. (a) 39. (c) 59. (a) 79. (d) 99. (c)
20. (b) 40. (a) 60. (b) 80. (c) 100. (a)
16 ESE 2021 Prelims Exam • Classroom Test Series
DETAILED EXPLANATIONS
1. (b)
0 1 3 1
1 0 1 1
 
Given: A = 3 1 0 2
 
 1 1 2 0  4  4
R2  R1
1 0 1 1
0 1 3 1
 
= 3 1 0 2
 
 1 1 2 0  4  4
R3  R3 – 3R1 and R4  R4 – R1
1 0 1 1
0 1 3 1
 
= 0 1 3 1
 
0 1 3 1 4  4
R4  R4 – R2 and R3  R3 – R1
1 0 1 1
0 1 3 1
 
= 0 0 0 0
 
0 0 0 0  4  4
So, r(A) = Number of non zero rows in row echlon form,

r(A) = 2
2. (c)
 n n n n 
Given: lim     .....  
n  n2 n 2  12 n 2  2 2 n 2   n  1 2 
n1 n1
n 1  x 
 lim  dx  lim n   tan 1   
2 2 n  n 
o n x
n  h  o
  n  1 
lim  tan 1   tan 1  0  

n    n  
 n  1 
lim tan 1  –1

n  n  = tan (1) = 4
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General Studies & Engineering Aptitude | Test 21 17
3. (b)
dy
Given:  x sin 2 y  x 3 cos2 y
dx
1 dy x  2 sin y cos y 
2
 = x3
cos y dx cos2 y
dy
sec 2 y  2 x tan y = x3
dx
Let tan y = v
dy dv
sec2 =
dx dx
dv
So,  2 xv = x3
dx
2
I.F. = e  2xdx  e x
The solution is
2 x2 3
ve x = e x dx  c
Put x2 = t, 2xdx = dt
dt
xdx =
2
t dt
 vet =  te c
2
1 t
vzet = te  et   c
2 
2
2 x
 ve x = e  x 2  1  c
2
Put the value of v in the equation,
2
 2 x
tan y  e x  = e
  2
 x 2  1  c
1 2 2
tan y =
2

x  1  ce  x 
4. (a)
Given, f (x) = x 3  3x  P ; x0 = 1, x1 = 1.5
From Newton Rapson
f  x0 
x1 = x 0 
f   x0 
 f (x) = x3
+ 3x + P
and f  (x) = 3x2 + 3
x 3
0  3 x0  P 
So, x1 = x 0 
 3x02 3 
3x03  3x0  x03  3x0  P
x1 =
3x02  3
2 x03  P
x1 =
3x02  3
Put the value of x0 and x1
2P
1.5 =
6
So, P = –7
5. (b)
1 y x
 x
2
dxdy =   x2 dxdy
R 0 y  x2
y 2
y=x
y=x
(1, 1)
x
(0, 0)
1 1 1
2 2
 2 x
x y  2 dx = x xx dx   x 3  x 4  dx
 x    
0 0 0
1
 x 4 x5  1 1 1
    =  
 4 5  4 5 20
0
6. (b)
v v
The harmonic conjugate,  dv =  x dx   y dy ( ux = vy and uy = –vx)
u u
 dv =   y dx   x dy
Given: u = x3 – 3xy2
u u
So, = 3x2 – 3y2 and  6xy
x y
  3x 
2
 dv =  6xydx   3y 2 dy
free from x
2 2
 dv = 3x y  3 y dy
v (x, y) = 3x2y – y3 + c
7. (c)
9C1 9 3
Probability of selecting a coupon, on which largest printed number can be 9 =  
15C1 15 5
Coupon numbered 1 to 9 can be selected out of 15 available coupons.
3
Now, coupons are selected one at a time with replacement each time probability =
5
Total probability that largest number appearing on selected coupons is 9
7
3 3 3  3
=   ................7 times   
5 5 5  5
8. (a)
2 2 6 

Given: Matrix A   2 10 2 

 6 2 2 
2   2 6 
 
A  I =  2 10   2 0
 6 2 2   
 (2 – ) [( – 10) ( – 2) – 4] – 2 [4 – 2 – 12] + 6 [4 – 60 + 6] = 0
 (2 – ) (2 – 12 + 16) – 2 [– 2 – 8] + 6 (6 – 56) = 0
 3 – 142 + 288 = 0
From this equation, p + q + r = 14
pq + qr + rp = 0
pqr = –288
So, pq + qr + rq – pqr = 0 – (–288)
= 288
9. (a)
Let the total number of the workers = n
Then,
 15 × 525 + (n – 15) × 85 = 95 × n
 7875 + 85n – 1275 = 95n

 10n = 6600
 n = 660
Hence, the total number of workers = 660
10. (b)
The possible Venn diagram is:
Hindi (48%) History (32%)
28 20 12
So, total % of student failed = 28 + 20 + 12 = 60%

% of students passed = 100 – 60 = 40%
Let, the total number of students who appeared in the examination = x
 x × 0.4 = 880
880
 x =  2200
0.4
Total number of students who appeared for the examination = 2200.
11. (c)
For A,
The marked price of the car = Rs. 36000
After giving discount, the price of the car = 0.92 × 20000 + 0.95 × 16000
= Rs. 33600
So, the discount given by A to sell the car = 36000 – 33600
= Rs. 2400
For B to be competitive with A, should given the same amount of discount.
Let B gives x% discount on the marked price,
x
So, 36000  = 2400
100
2400  100 20
x =   6.67%
36000 3
12. (d)
A, B and C can fill the tank in 10, 20 and 25 hrs respectively.
1 1 1
So, their 1 hr part = , and
10 20 25
Let, A took x move hours to fill the tank alone.
 1 1 1  1 1 x
     2   2 =1
10 20 25   10 20  10
38 6 x
   = 1
100 20 10
x 68 32
 = 1 
10 100 100
 x = 3.2 hours
So, Total time taken by A = 2 + 2 + 3.2 = 7.2 hours.
1
So, % part of tank filled by A itself =  7.2  100  72%
10
13. (b)
Let the speed of two motorist is V1 and V2 (where V1 > V2) then,
V1 – V2 = 6 ... (i)
 They are moving in perpendicular direction to each other,
So, the distance between them after two hours,
  2V1  2   2V2 2 = 60
 V12  V22 = 30
 V12 + V22 = 900 ... (ii)
From (i) and (ii)
(6 – V1)2 + V12 = 900
36 + V12 – 12V1 + V12 = 900
V12 – 6 V1 – 432 = 0
(V1 – 24) (V1 + 18) = 0
V1 = 24, V1  –18
So, the speed of faster motorist = 24 km/hr
and speed of slower motorist = 24 – 6 = 18 km/hr.
14. (c)
Let the site of outer circle is ‘r’ and side of square PQRS is ‘a’
So, In OCQ
r
a/2
O C
a/2
2 2
 a  a
     = r2
2 2
a2 a 2
 = r2
4 4
a2
r2 =
2
a
r =
2
a = 2r
a r
The radius of inner circle = OC  
2 2
If the side of polygon ABCD is b, then,
In OBC
B
b
a/2
O C
a/2
2 2
 a  a
     = b2
2 2
a 2r
b =  r
2 2
Perimeter of polygon ABCD 4b 4r 2
Hence, =  
Perimeter of outer circle 2r 2r 
15. (d)
Let the root of the equation x2 + bx + c = 0 is ,  + 2
b
Then, ++2 =   b ... (i)
1
c
( + 2) = c ...(ii)
1
From (i) and (ii),
2 + 2 = c
2 + 2 = –b
b
 =  1
2
2
 b   b 
    1  2    1 = c
2 2
b2
 1b b 2 = c
4
b2
 1 = c
4
 b2 = 4(c + 1)
16. (c)
The possible direction diagram is:
D project site
2 km
3 km
B North
C
2 km
West East
A office
South
From the above diagram it can be concluded that office is in South-West direction with respect to
project site.
17. (a)
The possible sitting arrangement is:
B
F E
D C
From the above diagram it can be concluded that C is the immediate left of E.
18. (c)
The possible relationship diagram is
+
Husband –
C E
Father
+ Wife –
B A
Son
+
Sister –
D F
From the above diagram it can be concluded that C is the husband of E.
19. (a)
Let the current age of Arjun is x years and Bidan is y years.
Then, x+7 = y–4
y = x + 11
After 10 years, the age of Arjun, Bidan and Charan are x + 10, x + 21 and 12 years. Then,
x  10  x  21  12
= 33
3
2x + 43 = 99
x = 28 years
20. (b)
• Tax revenues consist of the proceeds of taxes and other duties levied by the central government.
• Tax revenues comprise of direct taxes – which fall directly on individuals (personal income
tax) and firms (corporation tax), and indirect taxes like excise taxes (duties levied on goods
produced within the country), customs duties (taxes imposed on goods imported into and
exported out of India) and service tax.
• Income generated by the Central Government through the spectrum auctions is part of non-
tax revenue.
21. (b)
• A Certificate of Deposit (CD) is a money market instrument (short term) which is issued in a
dematerialised form against funds deposited in a bank for a specific period. These are issued
by scheduled commercial banks and select financial institutions to individuals, companies
and corporations.
• Call money is minimum short-term finance repayable on demand, with a maturity period of
one to fourteen days or overnight to a fortnight. It is used for inter-bank transactions.
22. (a)
• Greenfield projects are those projects in which a parent entity begins a new venture by
constructing new facilities in a country outside their headquartered country.
• Brownfield projects are those projects in which an entity purchases an existing facility to
begin new production.
23. (c)
• A W-shaped recovery is a dangerous creature—growth falls and rises, but falls again before
recovering yet again, thus forming a W-like chart.
• In V-shaped recovery the economy quickly recoups lost ground and gets back to the normal
growth trend-line.
• A U-shaped recovery—is a scenario in which the economy, after falling, struggles and muddles
around a low growth rate for some time, before rising gradually to usual levels.
• The Z-shaped recovery is the most-optimistic scenario in which the economy quickly rises
after a crash.
• The L-shaped recovery is the worst-case scenario, in which growth after falling, stagnates at
low levels and does not recover for a long, long time.
24. (b)
• Devaluation refers as reduction in the exchange value of a country’s monetary unit in terms
of gold, silver, or foreign monetary units.
• Devaluation is employed to eliminate persistent balance-of-payments deficits.
• While making the exported goods cheaper for other countries, devaluation also increases the
prices of imports purchased in the home country.
• Devaluation will not be effective if the balance-of-payments disequilibrium is a result of basic
structural flaws in a country’s economy.
25. (b)
Open Acreage Licensing Policy (OALP), a critical part of the Hydrocarbon Exploration and
Licensing Policy, provides uniform licenses for exploration and production of all forms of
hydrocarbons, enabling contractors to explore conventional as well as unconventional oil and gas
resources.
26. (c)
Ease of Doing Business is an index published by the World Bank.
27. (d)
The desire for meaningful work, concern to make a living, care for other human beings, and the
need to maintain self-respect, all combine to motivate excellence in engineering.
28. (b)
• Moral sensitivity: Awareness of how our actions affect others.
• Moral reasoning or judgement: The application of general moral principles by individual
moral agents to particular cases through a rational deductive process.
• Moral motivation: Placing moral values above competing non-moral values.
29. (b)
• It is conscience that covers all situations.
• Law is only applicable within the boundaries of a nation state, while regulations are something
an individual follows even after leaving the country.
• Codes are meant to regulate professional behaviour and not interpersonal behaviour
32. (c)
From public service perspective, public service is all about making a citizen’s life comfortable and
convenient. It is certainly not about promoting a social cause or communal interest.
33. (b)
An ecotone is a zone of junction or a transition area between two diverse ecosystems. For e.g. the
mangrove forests represent an ecotone between marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Other examples
are grassland, estuary and river bank or marsh land.
34. (a)
The pyramid of biomass in the sea is also generally inverted because the biomass of fishes far
exceeds that of phytoplankton.
36. (b)
• Biomagnifications refers to the tendency of pollutants to concentrate as they move from one
trophic level to the next.
• In biomagnifications there is an increase in concentration of a pollutant from one link in a
food chain to another. In order for biomagnification to occur, the pollutant must be:
- Long-lived
- Mobile
- Soluble in fats
- Biologically active
37. (c)
O3 of the Photochemical smog is generated in the troposphere and is termed as “Bad Ozone”. It
is also a secondary pollutant.
38. (c)
Hydrogen has the highest energy content of any common fuel by weight (about three times more
than gasoline), but it has the lowest energy content by volume (about four times less than gasoline).
1. It ensures the fulfillment of all the commitments made in the approved Environmental Impact
Assessment.
2. It keeps track of changes that may happen in the environment and communities because of
the project.
40. (a)
• The difference between Comprehensive EIA and Rapid EIA is in the time-scale of the data
supplied.
• Rapid EIA is for a speedier appraisal process. While both types of EIA require inclusion/
coverage of all significant environmental impacts and their mitigation, Rapid EIA achieves
this through the collection of one season (other than monsoon) data only to reduce the time
required. This is acceptable if it does not compromise on the quality of decision-making.
• The review of Rapid EIA submissions will show whether a comprehensive EIA is warranted
or not.
41. (a)
• The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity is an
international treaty governing the movements of living modified organisms (LMOs) resulting
from modern biotechnology from one country to another.
• It was adopted on 29 January 2000 as a supplementary agreement to the Convention on
Biological Diversity and entered into force on 11 September 2003.
• Although it is a legally binding protocol, the agreement does not alter the rights and obligations
of governments under the World Trade Organization (WTO) or other existing international
agreements.
42. (a)
• The BS or Bharat Stage emission standards are norms instituted by the government to regulate
the output of air pollutants from internal combustion engine equipment, including motor
vehicles. India has been following the European (Euro) emission norms, though with a time-
lag of five years.
• The newly introduced fuel is estimated to reduce the amount of sulphur released by 80%,
from 50 parts per million to 10 ppm. As per the analysts, the emission of NO x (nitrogen
oxides) from diesel cars is also expected to reduce by nearly 70% and 25% from cars with
petrol engines.
43. (b)
Biogas is produced by anaerobic action of microorganisms that feeds on animal and agricultural
waste. It is a renewable source of energy. It is made up of methane (60- 70%), carbon dioxide (25-
50%), nitrogen (0-10%) and hydrogen (0-1%).
44. (d)
CDMA provides multiple users in a single frequency bandwidth and each user has access to the
entire bandwidth.
45. (c)
The .in registry has been created by NIXI, the National Internet Exchange of India. Its objective
is improved internet services in India .in registry function as an autonomous body with primary
responsibility for maintaining.
46. (b)
Flash memory is a form of non-volatile computer memory that can be electrically erased and
reprogrammed. Flash memory applications include digital audio players, digital cameras and
mobile phones.
47. (b)
Electronic Transaction Aggregation & Analysis Layer (eTaal) is a public service developed by
India’s National Informatics Centre to measure the impact of various e-governance initiatives at
national and state levels.
48. (b)
• UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service) is a third-generation (3G) broadband,
packet-based transmission of text, digitized voice, video, and multimedia at data rates up to
2 megabits per second (Mbps). UMTS is based on the Global System for Mobile (GSM)
communication standard.
• UMTS uses wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) radio access technology which
offers greater spectral efficiency and bandwidth to mobile network operators.
50. (d)
Application software is computer software designed to perform a group of coordinated functions,
tasks, or activities for the benefit of the user. There are many kinds of apps out of which main are
general purpose, specialized, mobile apps .
54. (a)
The critical path of the project is along
(1) – (2) – (4) – (5) – (6) = 4 + 9 + 1 + 2 = 16 days
55. (d)
• A critical activity has zero total float, free float, independent float and interfering float.
• Critical activity may not have longest or shortest duration. But the total duration along the
critical path is maximum.
57. (b)
Earned value (EV) 8000
CPI = Actual cost (AC) =  1.23
6500
59. (a)
PMI declares confronting to best followed by collaboration to resolve any conflict in a project.
60. (b)
Managing a project is more challenging task involving high degree of novelty and uncertainty.
61. (c)
Given, Ci = Rs. 1100
Cs = Rs. 100
n=5
By sum of year’s digit method
 
  n  m  1 
Dm =  Ci  Cs   
 n n  1 
 2 
 
5  3  1
After 3 years, D3 =  1100  100   
 5  5  1 
 2 
3
= 1000  200
15
 Depreciation at the end of 3rd year will be Rs. 200
63. (c)
Perfect conductor has infinite conductivity and zero resistivity.
64. (b)
Unbounded electrons have more energy than that of bounded electrons.
65. (d)
All given attributes belong to good conductive material.
66. (d)
Superconductors are majority used in application where very strong magnetic field is needed.
69. (d)
Packing density
Simple cubic 52%
Body centered cubic 68%
Face centered cubic 74%
Diamond cubic structure 34%
70. (d)
Spheroidising of high carbon steel is a method of prolonged heating at a temperature below the
eutectoid temperature. By heating at this temperature pearlite which is the lowest energy
arrangement of steel, gets converted to ferrite and cementite.
71. (c)
Superalloys are single crystal material from which grain boundaries are completely removed.
72. (b)
Elastic deformation and plastic deformation are the two main criteria for ductile materials.
73. (c)
Probability of acceptance (Pa)
C=0
Actual percent defectives
74. (c)
USL  LSL 128  112 16
Cp =    1.333
6 12 12
Cpk = min . 
USL     LSL
3
,
3 
= min . 
128  118 118  112
32
,
32 
= min .  
10 6
,
6 6
1
76. (a)
P, nP chart Binomial distribution
C-chart Poisson’s distribution
x , R-chart Continuous distribution
77. (b)
When units are connected in parallel
RP = [1 – (1 – R)2]
RP = [1 – (1 – 0.96)2]
RP = 0.9984
79. (d)
For minimum annual inventory cost
Ordering cost = Holding cost
7000 × Number of order = Holding cost
50000
Holding cost = 7000   Rs. 35000
10000
80. (c)
Reverse engineering starts with the description of the process or the performing of the functions
by the product. This exercise is carried out with the intention of identifying the underlying
principles of the product and its subsystems. From the description of the process, it is possible to
identify the subsystems and the constituent parts (a parts tree) of the product under consideration.
This gives the embodiment design of the product. From this, it is possible to identify the functions
performed by the different subsystems. The process in carrying out reverse engineering can be
summarized by the following:
• Description of the process.
• Breaking down the product into subsystems.
• Establishing the functions of the subsystems
82. (c)
Traditionally, safety theories and programs have focused on accidents and the resulting injuries.
However, the current trend is towards a broader perspective that also encompasses the issue of
industrial hygiene. Industrial hygiene concerns environmental factors that can lead to sickness,
disease, or other forms of impaired health. This trend has, in turn, led to the development of an
epidemiological theory of accident causation.
Epidemiology is the study of causal relationships between environmental factors and disease.
The epidemiological theory holds that the models used for studying and determining these
relationships can also be used to study causal relationships between environmental factors and
accidents or diseases.
83. (c)
For electrical fires, special extinguishing agents like vaporizing liquids, carbon dioxide and other
gaseous extinguishing agents are used.
85. (b)
Isometric projection:
• Projectors from an object are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane of picture.
• The object is kept in such a way that its three mutual perpendicular edges (axes) make equal
angles with the plane of projection. The object stands on one of its corners.
• The object is drawn with the reduced (about 82%) dimensions.

• All the faces of the object are distorted in the shape and size.
• The choice of position of the object depends upon the shape and size.
87. (c)
• The curve generated by a point on the circumference of circle is cycloid.
• When the point is within the circumference of a circle then it will generate interior trochoid.
• When the point is outside the circumference of a circle then it is called superior trochoid.
90. (c)
• Inflation targeting refers to the monetary policy strategy where an inflation target is set and
policy formulation is done in such a way so as to achieve that specified target. The Reserve
Bank of India officially adopted inflation targeting as a monetary policy strategy in February
2015.
• The inflation target is to be revisited once in every five years.
• In order to meet the inflation target, the RBI raises or lowers interest rates.
91. (c)
• The Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR) is a debt and profitability ratio used to determine how
easily a company can pay interest on its outstanding debt.
• The lower the interest coverage ratio, the higher the company’s debt burden and the greater
the possibility of bankruptcy or default.
• A lower ICR means less earnings are available to meet interest payments and that the business
is more vulnerable to increases in interest rates.
92. (d)
Delegation should involve acceptable challenge enough so as to motivate but not so much as to
frustrate. Hence statement (I) is not correct.
94. (b)
Carbon fertilisation is the artificial enrichment of the atmosphere of greenhouses with carbon
dioxide, an essential nutrient for plants and vegetables. It is also known as Carbon Dioxide
Fertilisation. It is used to improve production levels, both from a qualitative and from a quantitative
point of view.
96. (d)
Digital signatures are the digital equivalent of handwritten signatures or a stamped seal, but it is
more secure as it can’t be impersonated. It is based on public key cryptography, also known as
asymmetric cryptography.
97. (d)
Majority charge carrier (i.e., n type or p type) define the type of extrinsic semiconductor.


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MODE

ESE 2021 : Prelims Exam GENERAL STUDIES &

So, r(A) = Number of non zero rows in row echlon form,

 7875 + 85n – 1275 = 95n

So, total % of student failed = 28 + 20 + 12 = 60%

From the above diagram it can be concluded that C is the husband of E.

Actual percent defectives

• The object is drawn with the reduced (about 82%) dimensions.

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