APS AGRA

ENGLISH PROJECT
SESSION 2024-25

FLAMINGO

SUBMITTED BY SUBMITTED TO
Krishan Upadhyay Dr Vineet Sakhuja
 CERTIFICATE
Your This is to certify that Krishan Upadhay of class
12th
has satisfactorily completed the project in english
by the CBSE course in the academic
year 2024-25. I have examined the project and
hereby accord my approval of it as a study
carried out and presented in the manner
required for its acceptance. This does not
necessarily endorse or accept every statement
made or opinion expressed or conclusion
drawn, but only signifies the acceptance of the
project for the purpose it is submitted for.
text.
 AKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my heartfelt gratitude to Mr. Vineet Sakhuja
Singh for his invaluable guidance, which was
instrumental in the successful completion of this
project. His suggestions and instruction provided the
foundation that helped make this project a fullproof
success. I am sincerely grateful for his support and
encouragement throughout this endeavor. I also
extend my deep appreciation to Mrs. Rupali Ma’am,
Principal of Army Public School, for providing all the
necessary facilities and support that contributed
significantly to the completion of this project.
 The Last Lesson
By Alphonse Daudet

"The Last Lesson" by Alphonse Daudet is a touching story that emphasizes the
importance of language and its connection to our identity and freedom. The story takes
place in a small village in the regions of Alsace and Lorraine during the Franco-Prussian
War, a period when these areas were annexed by Germany. The protagonist, a young
boy named Franz, has generally been disinterested in his school studies, especially in
learning French. However, his perspective dramatically shifts on learning that French
will no longer be taught in his school, as German will replace it.

This sudden change brings about a profound realization for Franz about the importance
of his native language to his personal and cultural identity. M. Hamel, who has been
teaching French in the village for 40 years, shares this sentiment. On the last day of
teaching French, he expresses deep regret for not being more diligent in teaching and
underscores the significance of the French language. He explains to his students that
language is more than a means of communication—it is a critical component of cultural
identity and a form of resistance against oppression.

As the final lesson progresses, a sense of urgency and sadness envelops the
classroom. Both teacher and students come to a collective realization about the
immense loss they are about to experience. Franz, who previously took his lessons
for granted, now regrets not learning more when he had the chance. He grasps
everything taught in the lesson and wishes he had paid more attention in the past.

The story ends on a poignant note as the students quietly leave the classroom for
the last time, reflecting on what they have lost and the enduring importance of
preserving one’s language and cultural heritage.
Through this narrative, Daudet effectively highlights the critical role of language in
shaping our identities and maintaining our freedoms.
 Lost Spring
By Anees Jung

Part 1: Saheb - Searching in the Garbage

The story is set in the slums of Firozabad, India, where children of migrant workers live
and work in appalling conditions to support their families. It follows the life of Saheb, a
young boy who works as a ragpicker. Originally from Dhaka, Saheb and his family moved
to the city after their home was destroyed by storms. Despite his harsh daily reality,
Saheb dreams of escaping poverty and someday going to school. The narrator discusses
the possibility of starting a school, a promise Saheb recognizes as typically unkept,
reflecting the common disappointments faced by people in his situation.

Saheb and his family live in Seemapuri, near Delhi, a community of ragpickers who
moved from Bangladesh in 1971. They have ration cards that provide them with food
and the right to vote but no official identity or permits. This part of the story illustrates
the deep poverty reflected in the children walking barefoot, not out of tradition but due
to the lack of resources.

Part 2: Mukesh - Dreams of Driving

The focus shifts to Mukesh, a young boy resigned to working in the same bangle
factory as his father, dreaming instead of becoming a motor mechanic. The author
visits his home and workplace, uncovering the grim conditions prevalent there: high
temperatures near furnaces and inadequate air and light
 Deep Water
By Willam Douglas

Deep Water" tells a poignant story of overcoming fear, centered on the author's own
traumatic experiences with water. At a young age, a distressing incident at the beach
where he was knocked down by waves instilled in him a profound fear of water. This fear
was exacerbated when, at ten or eleven years old, he faced another harrowing event at a
Y.M.C.A pool. There, an older boy bullied him by throwing him into the pool, which led to
him nearly drowning. This incident left him not only physically weakened but also
emotionally scarred, intensifying his dread of water.

Years after this ordeal at the Y.M.C.A, the author still struggled with his phobia, unable to
engage in swimming or boating like others his age. Despite his fear, he decided to
confront it head-on by taking swimming lessons under careful guidance. Over three
months, with a rope tied around him for safety, he gradually learned to swim. His
instructor provided steady support, eventually deeming him ready to swim on his own.

Though initially uncertain of his abilities, the author persevered, practicing relentlessly in
the pool. His pivotal moment came when he successfully swam two miles across Lake
Wentworth. This achievement marked a significant turn in his battle against fear, even
though he still experienced moments of panic when his face was underwater.

The ultimate test came at Warm Lake, where he swam across and back without any
issues, finally freeing himself from the fear that had long haunted him. This personal
victory was transformative, giving him immense joy and a profound sense of
accomplishment.
"Deep Water" thus serves as a powerful testament to the human spirit's capacity to
overcome deep-seated fears. It underscores the message famously quoted by
Roosevelt: "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself," illustrating that confronting
one’s fears is the pathway to freedom. This narrative is especially resonant for anyone
who has faced and conquered their own personal fears.
 The Rattrap
Selma Lagerlöf

"The Rattrap" is a poignant short story by Selma Lagerlöf that delves into themes of
redemption, kindness, and human compassion. The narrative centers around a poor,
homeless man who makes a living by selling rat traps. He harbors a cynical view of the
world, likening it to a giant rat trap where comforts and luxuries lure individuals into
misery and entrapment.

One evening, the peddler seeks shelter at the home of an old crofter who kindly offers
him a place to stay. However, betraying the crofter's hospitality, the peddler steals his
money earned from selling cow's milk and escapes into the forest. His journey leads him
to an ironmaster's forge, where he is mistakenly identified as an old acquaintance and
invited to join the Christmas festivities. Initially resistant, the peddler accepts the
invitation after persuasion from the ironmaster's daughter.

Despite their initial belief that he was a thief likely to steal again, the peddler surprises
both the ironmaster and his daughter by not taking anything from their home. Instead,
moved by the genuine kindness shown towards him, he experiences a profound change
of heart. He leaves behind a gift for the daughter, Edla, along with a letter expressing his
gratitude. Moreover, he includes a request for them to return the stolen money to the
crofter, acknowledging the sincere kindness that had been extended to him.

"The Rattrap" reflects on the transformative power of human kindness and the
possibility of goodness being awakened in anyone. Through this story, Lagerlöf
suggests that compassion can change lives and that people have the capacity to
change their ways when they experience true empathy and generosity.
 Indigo: The Life of Mahatma Gandhi
Louis Fischer

"Indigo" is a compelling chapter from The Life of Mahatma Gandhi by Louis Fischer,
detailing a pivotal episode in Mahatma Gandhi's nonviolent struggle for Indian civil rights.
The chapter narrates the events of the Champaran agitation in Bihar, which marked
Gandhi's first active involvement in the Indian independence movement

In 1916, Gandhi was approached by Raj Kumar Shukla, a distressed peasant from
Champaran, seeking his help against the oppressive practices of British landlords related
to indigo cultivation. Initially hesitant, Gandhi's interest was piqued by Shukla's
persistence, leading him to promise a visit to Calcutta. After meeting in Calcutta, Gandhi
and Shukla traveled to Champaran where Gandhi began a fact-finding mission.

Upon arrival, Gandhi faced resistance from the local authorities and British landlords who
saw him as an outsider stirring trouble. His visit to the British Landlord Association was
unfruitful, and his inquiries were met with hostility. The situation escalated when the
commissioner of the Tirhut division ordered Gandhi to leave Champaran, an order Gandhi
openly defied, leading to his arrest. This act of defiance drew significant local and
national support, making it difficult for the authorities to proceed with their charges
against him. In court, Gandhi declared that his disobedience was not an act of
lawbreaking but a necessary action to aid the suffering peasants.

This resulted in the establishment of an inquiry commission by Sir Edward Gait,

where the grievances of the peasants were validated, and the planters were found
guilty of exploitation. The settlement negotiated returned 25% of the exploited funds
to the farmers, a significant victory for Gandhi and the peasants.
The Champaran campaign was a crucial moment in Gandhi's life, reinforcing his
commitment to nonviolent resistance and helping to establish his leadership in the
Indian struggle for independence. The chapter "Indigo" effectively portrays how the
episode was not just about the fight against indigo planters but was also a lesson in self-
reliance and unity in the face of oppression. It set the stage for future campaigns and
was a defining moment that demonstrated the power and effectiveness of organized,
nonviolent resistance.
 Poets and Pancakes
By Asohkamitran

Ashokamitran's tenure at Gemini Studios provided him with a unique vantage point from
which to observe the workings of the film industry during its golden era. His primary
responsibility was to manage newspaper clippings on various subjects, filing them away
for reference. Despite the seeming simplicity of his job, he often faced misunderstanding
and criticism from others who thought he did little work.

He begins his recount by discussing the popular makeup brand 'Pancakes,' extensively
used in the studio. This led him into the challenges faced by actors and actresses,
notably the intense lighting and heavy makeup that, paradoxically, often made attractive
people look less so.

Ashokamitran also introduces us to an ambitious office boy whose dreams of becoming a

director, actor, screenwriter, or lyricist are thwarted by his circumstances and perhaps
by individuals like Kothamangalam Subbu. Subbu, a multifaceted personality—Brahmin,
poet, actor, and intrinsic to the film industry—is initially viewed by Ashokamitran as an
irritant. However, over time, he recognizes Subbu's indispensable role in the studio.
Unlike the many dreamers within Gemini Studios, Subbu's practicality and creative spirit
made him a central figure, capable of remaining upbeat even when involved in failed
projects.

The narrative then shifts to darker studio politics, including an episode involving a
legal adviser who, under the guise of resolving a dispute with an actress, ends her
career by publicly embarrassing her. This act underscores the cutthroat nature of film
industry politics.
Moreover, the Gemini Studio was a cultural hub that attracted international attention. It
hosted successful plays by the Moral Rearmament Army, which Ashokamitran later
discovered was a counter-communist group. The studio also welcomed the enigmatic
visit of English poet Stephen Spender. Initially, Spender's presence was shrouded in
mystery, particularly due to language barriers and his elusive nature. However, the
puzzle of his visit was eventually solved when Ashokamitran learned about Spender's
role as the editor of The Encounter, a periodical with ideological ties to anti-communism,
and his contributions to "The God That Failed," a collection of essays about
disillusionment with communism.

Through these vignettes, Ashokamitran captures not just the day-to-day life at Gemini
Studios but also paints a picture of the broader cultural and political engagements of the
Indian film industry. His memoir not only highlights the personal challenges and
peculiarities of the people he worked with but also the studio's role as a nexus of cultural
exchange and political intrigue during a pivotal era in Indian history.
 Interview
By Christopher Silverster
An Interview with Umberto Eco

The author opens the chapter with a reflection on the long history of interviews in
journalism, tracing back over 130 years. He notes the divided opinions on the use of
interviews, with some holding them in high esteem and others viewing them as
uncomfortable or even intrusive encounters. He posits that interviews have become a
critical component of modern life, serving as both a tool for revealing truth and a
platform that can profoundly influence public perception.

The narrative then explores the potential consequences of interviews, suggesting they
can significantly alter someone's public persona, sometimes at the cost of losing their
true identity. The author supports this argument by referencing notable criticisms of the
interview process, including an anecdote from Rudyard Kipling’s wife’s diary. She details
an incident where two reporters dramatically impacted their day in Boston, leading
Kipling to describe interviews as a form of assault deserving of punishment. Kipling's
disdain is further underscored by his belief that no respectable individual should partake
in interviews, whether as interviewer or interviewee.

Further illustrating the impact of interviews, the chapter delves into a specific example
involving Mukund, a journalist from The Hindu newspaper, and Umberto Eco, a renowned
professor and author. During the interview, Mukund inquires about Eco's celebrated
novel, "The Name of the Rose," which has enjoyed immense success with over ten
million copies sold. Eco's response highlights his multifaceted career, clarifying that his
various activities—whether writing academic texts, attending conferences, or authoring
novels—stem from a singular intellectual pursuit.
Eco also discusses his approach to life and work, describing how he utilizes the
interstices—small gaps between activities—to achieve productivity. He characterizes
these moments as opportunities for creativity and efficiency, analogous to the gaps
within atoms and the universe.

When discussing "The Name of the Rose," Eco reflects on the novel's complexity and its
blend of genres, including detective fiction, metaphysics, theology, and medieval history.
He muses on the timing of the novel's release as pivotal to its success, suggesting that its
impact could have been diminished had it been published a decade earlier or later. Eco's
insights during the interview not only shed light on his personal and professional ethos
but also exemplify the power of interviews to uncover deeper truths and connect ideas
across different disciplines.

This chapter ultimately serves as a meditation on the power of interviews to shape

thoughts and influence society, emphasizing the delicate balance between public
persona and personal identity, and the profound effect that media interactions can have
on individuals' lives.
 Going Places
By A.R. Barton

"Going Places" is a poignant narrative that explores the life of Sophie, a teenage girl
whose world is steeped in dreams despite the stark realities of her family's financial
struggles. Sophie aspires to become a famous fashion designer or actress and dreams of
owning a boutique, showcasing her ambition and her desire to rise above her
circumstances.

Her friend Jansie, more grounded and practical, consistently attempts to temper
Sophie's expectations, aiming to keep her connected to the real world. Despite this,
Sophie remains ensconced in her fantasies, illustrating the classic tension between
aspiration and reality.

Sophie works alongside Jansie at a biscuit factory, a job that starkly contrasts with her
glamorous ambitions. Her home life is similarly modest, sharing a small, cluttered house
with her parents and two brothers. Among her family members, Sophie is particularly
drawn to her elder brother Geoff, a trainee mechanic whose quiet strength and
handsomeness she admires. However, Geoff's reserved nature makes him a figure of
intrigue and mystery within the family.

One of Sophie's most vivid fantasies revolves around Danny Casey, a young Irish
football player whom she idolizes. Her infatuation leads her to fabricate detailed
stories about personal encounters with Casey, including conversations and meetings
that never occurred. She shares these tales with Geoff, who is initially skeptical but
becomes so enthralled by the vividness of her stories that he starts to hope they
might be true.
The narrative reaches a climax when Sophie and her family attend a football match
where Casey plays and scores the winning goal. This event further fuels Sophie's
fantasies, leading her to believe in a promised meeting with Casey that ultimately never
materializes.

As Sophie awaits Danny Casey in vain, the harsh reality of her situation becomes
apparent. Despite her disappointment, particularly the fear of letting Geoff down, she
clings to the hope of meeting Casey someday. Sophie's retreat into her dream world
becomes a coping mechanism, a poignant reflection on the power of dreams and the
harshness of reality.

Upon arriving at the airport, the poet feels the sadness of separation and departure. As
she bids farewell to her mother, she compares her to a late-night winter moon, whose
light is dimmed by fog and haze. This simile underscores her mother’s old age and frailty,
deepening the poet’s sorrow.

"Going Places" is a sensitive exploration of youthful optimism and the escapism that
fantasies provide. It highlights the innocence of teenage daydreams while also
underscoring the inevitable confrontations with reality that everyone must face. The
story serves as a reminder of the delicate balance between dreaming and the
practicalities of the real world, and how the pursuit of dreams can sometimes be a
bittersweet journey.
 APS AGRA

ENGLISH PROJECT
SESSION 2024-25

Poem

SUBMITTED TO
SUBMITTED B Y
Dr. Vineet sakhuja
Krishan Upadhyay
 My Mother at Sixty-Six
By Kamala Das

The poet begins her journey to Cochin airport while observing her elderly mother, who
sits beside her. The poet describes her mother's face, which appears pale and lifeless,
like that of a corpse. This comparison fills the poet with fear and pain at the thought of
losing her mother. Despite her deep love and affection for her mother, she feels a deep
sense of insecurity about the inevitability of aging.

To distract herself from these negative emotions, the poet looks outside the car window.
There, she observes the fast-sprinting trees and children playing happily. These scenes
symbolize vitality, joy, and the energy of life. They remind the poet of her own youth and
of the fact that her mother was once young too. This realization heightens her sadness,
as she understands the inevitable cycle of aging and the fears associated with it.

Upon arriving at the airport, the poet feels the sadness of separation and departure. As
she bids farewell to her mother, she compares her to a late-night winter moon, whose
light is dimmed by fog and haze. This simile underscores her mother’s old age and frailty,
deepening the poet’s sorrow.

Despite her sadness and uncontrollable tears, the poet puts on a brave face, smiles,
and reassures her mother with the words, "See you soon, Amma." She hides her
emotions to ensure her mother remains happy and enjoys her life, while holding on to
the hope of meeting her again.
 Keeping Quiet
By Pablo Neruda

The poet suggests that everyone should silently count up to twelve, representing the
hours or months, to create a sense of calm and stillness. He urges people from different
nations to come together and communicate through the language of silence instead of
their own languages, promoting unity among all humans on Earth. For a brief moment, he
advises against making any physical gestures that may signal conflict or disagreement.

The poet imagines a peaceful and unusual environment where people are not in a hurry,
and no engines are running. In this calm setting, people are united in silence, and no
harm is being inflicted upon any living being for sustenance or work. This moment of
stillness provides an opportunity to reflect on the toll their work has taken on their
bodies. Those who exploit nature's resources through activities like deforestation,
mining, and deep-sea fishing, as well as soldiers who use weapons to harm others, are
encouraged to reflect on the impact of their actions, which often stem from duty or
commands.

The poet encourages a new mindset and a shift in perspective by using the metaphor
of "new clothes." He emphasizes that causing harm to others is not a victory and
advocates for unity and brotherhood. His message promotes peace, harmony, and
self-reflection to assess the consequences of one's actions

All individuals fight continuously to complete their tasks, motivated by the need for
survival and the fear of death. This relentless drive often leads them to hurry through
life without appreciating their accomplishments. The poet proposes that taking a
pause may allow people to appreciate their achievements and live a happier life.
Through silence, he believes, we can discover the true meaning of our existence.
All individuals fight continuously to complete their tasks, motivated by the need for
survival and the fear of death. This relentless drive often leads them to hurry through life
without appreciating their accomplishments. The poet proposes that taking a pause may
allow people to appreciate their achievements and live a happier life. Through silence, he
believes, we can discover the true meaning of our existence.

The poet draws a comparison between the cyclical changes of the seasons and the
potential for personal transformation through self-reflection. Just as the Earth goes
through phases with each seasonal change, a moment of pause and reflection can lead
to a renewed understanding of our purpose and a transformed sense of being. He
concludes by encouraging people to pause, count to twelve, and leave the scene open
for others to experience this transformation in the future.
 A Thing of Beauty
By John Keats

Keats begins the poem by expressing that a beautiful object brings joy that lasts forever.
He describes how the beauty of such an object never fades away but grows over time.
The poet then compares a thing of beauty to a leafy, shaded sanctuary that invites
everyone to fall into a peaceful sleep full of pleasant dreams, promoting good health and
calmness.

The poet emphasizes the importance of natural beauty and its impact on human life. He
suggests that the absence of natural beauty would make the earth a gloomy and
depressing place, trapping people in misery without any hope of escape. Human life is
often full of challenges and difficulties that cast a dark shadow. The only way to dispel
this darkness is through the beauty of nature that surrounds them. The beauty of nature
serves as a light, inspiring the human spirit and bringing joy and happiness to their lives.
Humans engage with nature by creating beautiful things using flowers and leaves, which
fill them with joy and ground them, even after experiencing life's hardships.

The poet highlights the beauty of nature, specifically mentioning elements such as
the sun, moon, trees, daffodils, and streams. These natural blessings emphasize the
fortunate relationship between humans and nature, encouraging gratitude. The poet
also uses sheep to represent the innocence of humans, who find comfort in nature
and are able to overcome their sorrows.

Keats continues to describe the beauty of other natural elements, such as the lovely-
smelling fair-musk roses that spread their fragrance in the air. He also celebrates the
beauty of the martyr's sacrifice—those who gave their lives for the betterment of
humanity. These stories of sacrifice are regarded as beautiful by the poet.
In the final lines of the poem, the poet’s remarkable skill shines through as he suggests
that if people observe the many blessings bestowed upon them by the divine, they will
feel as though they are receiving an endless stream of blessings from heaven.
 A Roadside Stand
By Robert Frost

There was a tiny house with a newly constructed shed beside it. The road was filled with
busy traffic, cars, and other vehicles moving. The shed was built to showcase items for
sale, and the owner hoped that passing vehicles would stop to either purchase or at least
glance at the items. The shed's appearance evoked a sense of sympathy, as it displayed
the owner's despair to make some money. The owner didn't request any favors or food
from the city folks, but simply desired some cash, as the circulation of money benefits
everyone.

Similar to how city folks use their money to lead better lives, the poet suggests that if
money flows from their pockets to the shed owner's pockets, it will benefit his life as
well. However, the passing cars were glossy and sleek, and they paid no attention to
the shed. They only had their destination in mind. If by chance they did stop at the
shed, they merely complained that the rundown appearance of the huts and sheds in
the area had ruined the landscape's beauty

The poet notes that the poor state of those living in the sheds has caused their
environment to be poorly maintained. The signposts indicating the north and south
are misdirecting. The sheds have a display of produce for sale, including wild berries
and golden squash with silver marks in wooden baskets. Despite the rundown
appearance of the area, it is still a beautiful place where people can stop and
appreciate the mountain landscape. If visitors have the means, they should consider
purchasing something, but if they are self-centered, they should keep their money
and not stop.
The poet expresses more concern for the shed owners' sorrow than the impact on
the landscape. He believes that these individuals yearn for access to city money,
which, as seen in films, can alleviate their suffering. The political party in power is
responsible for depriving them of a happy life. The poet refers to news indicating the
relocation of impoverished villagers near shops and theaters with promises of good
care. However, government officials neglected these promises.

The poet is outraged at this behavior and labels them as "greedy do-gooders" and
"predatory beasts" who exploit the impoverished villagers. The villagers suffer a
significant loss as they are forced to relinquish their land. The civic authorities
succeed in cheating these villagers by promising them a better life and peaceful
sleep. However, it is these same authorities who rest peacefully while causing misery
in the lives of the villagers.

In the past, working during the day and sleeping at night was the norm, but now the
villagers are unable to sleep at night. The poet expresses sorrow as he describes the
shed owners' unending wait for buyers, creating an atmosphere of isolation.
Occasionally, a passing car stops, but only to inquire about the farmer's prices.
Others stop merely to use the restroom, and one car even stops for a gallon of gas,
highlighting the divide between urban and rural life.

The poet is saddened by the lack of money in the countryside. When people don't
have money, they feel bad. The villagers there complain about not having enough
money, and the poet feels sorry for them. He wishes he could help them all at once,
but he knows it's impossible.
 Aunt Jennifer's Tigers
By Adrienne Rich

The poem talks about a woman named Aunt Jennifer who is embroidering a piece of
cloth with tigers on it. The tigers are described as fierce and beautiful, with their yellow
color compared to a gemstone. However, Aunt Jennifer is scared of her husband. The
contrast between the tigers and Aunt Jennifer highlights how different they are. The
tigers are strong and confident, while Aunt Jennifer is fearful and controlled by her
husband. The poet admires the bravery and elegance of the tigers, symbolizing freedom
and pride.

The poet describes how Aunt Jennifer trembles with fear while doing her embroidery,
as her husband disapproves of her hobby. This fear makes it difficult for her to pull
the needle up and down. Aunt Jennifer’s wedding ring, given to her by her husband
on their wedding day, is mentioned as a burden that she must wear.

Aunt Jennifer feels burdened by the ring because her husband has been cruel to her,
turning what should be a precious gift into a painful symbol of her suffering. The ring,
instead of representing love, has become a constant reminder of her husband's
dominance and control over her life. The difficulties she faces in her marriage have
made the ring feel heavy, a physical manifestation of her emotional burden.

In the final part of the poem, the poet suggests that Aunt Jennifer's embroidery of
the tigers represents her longing for freedom and fearlessness. The tigers, with their
power and grace, embody her desire to live a life without fear. However, the poet
believes that Aunt Jennifer will never achieve this freedom in her lifetime. Only after
her death will she be free from her husband's control.
Unfortunately, even in death, Aunt Jennifer will still be tied to her husband through the
wedding ring, which continues to remind her of the pain she endured. On the other hand,
the tigers she embroidered will forever symbolize her wish for a fearless and liberated
life. They roam boldly and proudly on the piece of cloth, serving as a lasting
representation of her unfulfilled desire for freedom.
 APS AGRA

ENGLISH PROJECT
SESSION 2024-25

VISTAS

SUBMITTED TO
SUBMITTED B Y
Krishan Upadhyay Dr. Vineet sakhuja
 The Third Level
By Jack Finney

The story revolves around a young man, Charley, aged 31, who accidentally discovers a
mysterious "third level" at Grand Central Station in New York. This unusual level appears
to belong to a completely different era, creating intrigue in the reader's mind from the
very beginning and slowly building toward a complex climax.

Charley, a city resident, claims to have visited this third level. He shares his experience
with a psychiatrist friend, who dismisses it as a coping mechanism. The psychiatrist
explains that people often escape into dreams or hobbies to avoid the fears, insecurities,
and anxieties of modern life. To illustrate, he cites his own hobby of stamp collecting.

Charley admits that he finds Grand Central Station confusing and has gotten lost several
times in the past. On one occasion, he ended up in the lobby of the Roosevelt Hotel, and
on another, three blocks away from an office building. However, his most recent
misadventure led him to the unique third level.

While wandering, Charley discovers a silent hallway, turns left, and walks downhill,
eventually arriving at an old station. The station appears very different from the
familiar two levels, featuring fewer ticket counters and train gates, a wooden
information booth, and old-fashioned elements like gas lights and brass spittoons.
The architecture reminds Charley of the 1800s.

He observes people dressed in outdated clothing and checks a newspaper called The
World, which reveals the date to be June 11, 1894. Charley tries to purchase two
tickets to Galesburg, Illinois-a town he fondly remembers as a peaceful haven.
However, he realizes he needs old currency to make the purchase.

Determined to return to Galesburg, Charley exchanges $300 for old currency at a

bank, receiving two hundred dollars in 19th-century bills. Despite his efforts, he
cannot find the corridor leading to the third level again. His wife, Louisa, eventually
urges him to stop searching.

The mystery deepens when Charley's friend, Sam Weiner, who had expressed interest in
Galesburg, unexpectedly disappears. Sam's wife spends weekends looking for him.
Later, while revisiting his stamp collection-a hobby inherited from his grandfather-
Charley discovers a letter addressed to his grandfather. The letter, bearing a six-cent
President Garfield stamp, is postmarked from Galesburg. This discovery ties the past and
present together, leaving the reader with a sense of wonder and ambiguity.
 The Tiger King
By Kalki

The story revolves around Maharaja Sir Jilani Hung Bahadur, the ruler of
Pratibandapuram. When he was only ten days old, astrologers predicted that he would
eventually be killed by a tiger. In a remarkable twist, the infant prince seemed to
challenge the prophecy, declaring, "Let the tigers be warned!" As the prince grew, he was
raised like any other royal child, drinking milk from a white cow, being cared for by an
English nanny, and watching English movies.

When Maharaja turned twenty, he ascended the throne and became aware of the
prediction concerning his death. Determined to defy fate, he began hunting tigers
relentlessly and prohibited anyone else from hunting them within his state. The
astrologers warned him specifically about the danger posed by the hundredth tiger,
even if he had successfully killed ninety-nine before.

At one point, a British officer visited the state and expressed a desire to hunt tigers,
but the Maharaja refused, as he wanted to reserve all tiger hunts for himself. To
maintain good relations and avoid any backlash, the Maharaja sent fifty diamond rings
worth three lakh rupees to the British officer's wife, ensuring she would not complain
about the refusal.

In ten years, the Maharaja managed to kill seventy tigers in his state, but eventually,
there were no tigers left. Eager to reach the fateful count of one hundred tigers, the
Maharaja decided to marry a princess from a state that had more tigers. During each
visit to his wife's kingdom, he hunted five to six tigers, ultimately reaching ninety-nine
kills.

However, he could not find the elusive hundredth tiger. Frustrated, he threatened his
advisor, who, in an attempt to pacify him, arranged for an old circus tiger to be released
in the forest. The Maharaja was told that it was the hundredth tiger, and he set out to
hunt it. He fired at the tiger, believing he had succeeded. Unbeknownst to him, he had
missed, and the tiger had only fainted from fear. The king's men, not wanting to upset
him, discreetly killed the tiger and presented it as the final kill in a celebratory parade.

Feeling triumphant, the Maharaja bought a wooden tiger as a gift for his son's birthday.
Ironically, while playing with the wooden tiger, the Maharaja got a small cut from one of
its sharp edges. The wound became infected, leading to his death. In a poetic twist of
fate, the wooden tiger became the symbolic "hundredth tiger" that ultimately took the
Maharaja's life, fulfilling the prophecy that he had so desperately tried to escape.
 Journey to the End of the Earth
By Tishani Doshi

The story follows the author's adventurous journey to Antarctica, a destination reached
after 100 hours of travel by car, plane, and ship. The goal of this expedition is to explore
and learn about the mysteries of this icy and unique land.

Antarctica is a truly remarkable place, covered in ice that accounts for 90% of the
world's total. It is devoid of trees, buildings, or other signs of human habitation.
During the summer months, Antarctica experiences 24 hours of daylight, making it
both eerily silent and astonishingly beautiful.

The author spends weeks in this frozen wonderland, observing its sights and gaining a
deep understanding of its environment. They reflect on the astonishing fact that, over
650 million years ago, Antarctica and India were part of the same massive
supercontinent called Gondwana. This landmass had a warm climate and was home to
diverse plants and animals. However, around 500 million years ago, Gondwana broke
apart, forming the continents we know today.

The narrative also delves into the pressing issue of climate change, highlighting
Antarctica's critical role in understanding the phenomenon. The author emphasizes the
significance of studying Antarctica's ice and ecosystems to comprehend the effects of
climate change. They explain how the fragile Antarctic ecosystem, with its limited
biodiversity, is particularly vulnerable to environmental shifts. Small changes can lead to
dramatic impacts on sea creatures, birds, and the global carbon cycle.
The story sheds light on the causes of climate change, such as the burning of fossil
fuels, which contribute to global warming. The author uses the example of
phytoplankton, the base of the Antarctic food chain, to illustrate the
interconnectedness of all life on Earth. They stress that damage to Antarctica's
ecosystem can have ripple effects on the entire planet.

The narrative concludes with a poignant scene of seals resting peacefully on the ice.
While this serene moment showcases Antarctica's natural beauty, it also serves as a
stark reminder of the potential consequences of inaction on climate change. The
author questions whether humanity will be able to preserve such beauty or if it is
destined to vanish.

In conclusion, Journey to the End of the Earth offers a vivid account of Antarctica's
significance in understanding climate change and its impact on the planet. The story
urges readers to take proactive steps to combat climate change and protect Earth's
fragile ecosystems.
 The Enemy
By Pearl S. Buck

The Enemy by Pearl Sydenstricker Buck is the tale of a Japanese doctor named Sadao
who faces a profound moral dilemma during World War II. After studying medicine in
America, Sadao married Hana, a fellow Japanese student, and returned to Japan. During
the war, Sadao was exempted from serving in the Japanese army as he was responsible
for caring for an old and ailing General.

One fateful night, Sadao's life took an unexpected turn when he encountered a wounded
American Navy soldier who had been shot and was on the verge of death. Despite
recognizing him as the enemy, Sadao's sense of duty as a doctor compelled him to
provide medical aid to the soldier. Sadao brought the young man into his home, fully
aware of the immense risk this act posed to him and his family. His decision to protect
and treat the enemy soldier caused his servants to abandon him, leaving him and Hana
to manage the situation alone.

As the American soldier's health improved, Sadao began to grapple with the potential
dangers the soldier posed to his family and his country. Unable to dismiss the threat,
Sadao resolved to eliminate the soldier to ensure everyone's safety. He confided in the
General, who agreed to send assassins to carry out the task. However, as Sadao
awaited the assassins, he experienced a change of heart. His humanity and compassion
began to outweigh the fear and prejudice that initially guided his actions.

Sadao realized that the soldier was not merely an enemy but a human being whose
life held value, irrespective of race or nationality. This awakening led Sadao to see
beyond the divisions created by war and prejudice. He concluded that universal
brotherhood and compassion were far more important than the biases that once defined
his perspective.

In the end, Sadao made the courageous decision to save the soldier's life by helping
him escape. This act of compassion underscored the story's central theme: love and
humanity can transcend barriers of race, nationality, and conflict.

In conclusion, The Enemy is a powerful narrative that highlights the importance of

empathy, compassion, and the shared humanity that connects us all. It encourages
readers to rise above prejudices and embrace values that promote peace and
understanding.
 Memories of Childhood
By Zitkala-Sa and Bama

Part 1: The Cutting of My Long Hair

The story begins with Simmons, an American Indian, sharing her experience of facing
discrimination on her first day at the Carlisle Indian School. Another American Indian,
Zitkala-Sa, recounts her own distressing experiences at the same school. Everything
was unfamiliar, and she was forced to wear clothes that contradicted her cultural
beliefs, which added to her discomfort.

On her first day, Zitkala-Sa felt alienated and humiliated because she did not know
the rules. At breakfast, she made several mistakes, such as sitting down too early or
too late, which embarrassed her deeply. She was frightened of the teachers and
cried out of fear of making more mistakes.

Her friend, Judewin, warned her that the school staff planned to cut her hair. In her
culture, cutting one's hair was a sign of mourning or defeat in battle. Zitkala-Sa tried
to hide, but the staff found her, tied her to a chair, and cut her long hair. This act left
her feeling desolate, violated, and homesick.

Part 2: We Too Are Human Beings

The second part of the chapter, "We Too Are Human Beings," is autobiographical and
written by Bama, a Tamil Dalit. Bama shares her experiences from her third-grade
years, during which she first encountered the humiliations of untouchability, even
though she did not yet fully understand it.

Bama describes her journey home from school. Despite the short distance, she would
take half an hour to get home because she loved observing the various sights along the
way, such as temples, puppet shows, monkeys, snake charmers, and food vendors. She
even stopped to watch mundane activities, like people chopping onions or selling
vegetables.

One day, Bama observed an elderly man carrying a packet in an unusual way-without
touching it directly. She found this amusing and later narrated the incident to her
brother, Annan. Annan explained that the man was from a low caste and avoided
touching the packet to prevent "polluting" its contents, as believed by the upper castes.

This revelation saddened and angered Bama. She realized the deep injustice of the
caste system, where the marginalized were forced to show respect to the privileged,
who, in turn, denied them their basic humanity. This incident left a lasting impression
on Bama and deepened her understanding of the social inequalities that plagued her
community.
Mukesh's family has been in the bangle-making trade for generations. Yet, despite
the whole family's involvement in the work, they remain impoverished. The
craftsmanship once prized in bangle making has now been diminished by
mechanization, reducing their art to mere labor for producing cheap, low-quality
products.

The story highlights the illegal yet common use of child labor in these factories. Mukesh
and his community are largely unaware of their rights, and the fear of police violence
prevents them from seeking better conditions or forming cooperatives.
Thank You