THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE

Change the sentences into questions.

eg. Ali went to the market yesterday.
Did Ali go to the market yesterday?

Tuna saw the movie last

1. the movie last week?
week.
2. Akın wrote her a letter. her a letter?
3. Gül and Ilgın had dinner
at the Melisa Restaurant dinner at the Melisa Restaurant on Friday?
on Friday.
4. They got up at 6 o'clock at 6 o'clock to go to school early?
to go to school early.
Halil bought a new car
5. a new car last year?
last year.
I arrived late for the
6. late for the meeting?
meeting.
It rained all night
7. all night yesterday?
yesterday.
8. They sat near the front. near the front?
I walked to work
9. to work yesterday?
yesterday.
You spoke to him about
10. to him about that?
that.

Questions without question words in Simple Past

Auxiliary Subject Verb Rest Yes/No Subject Auxiliary (+ n't)

Yes, he did.
Did Ahmet play football?
No, he didn't.
Yes, I did.
Did you watch the film yesterday?
No, I didn't.

BUT:

Subject Rest Yes/No Subject Auxiliary (+ n't)

to be
was.
Yes, I
Were you in Ankara last week? Wasn't
No, I

Complete the questions:

 Ex: you the door?(to open)
Did you open the door?
1. you the window? (to close)
2. Aslı the housework?(to finish)
3. you a bath yesterday?(to have)
4. he into the lake?(to jump)
5. Kemal the Tower of London?(to visit)
6. Ali and Oya after the baby?(to look)
7. Mustafa the invitation cards herself?(to make)
8. the boy the ketchup bottle?(to drop)
9. Taner the green T-shirt last Monday?(to buy)
10. you karate this morning?(to practise)

Exercise

Did you.........?

e.g. I went to a restaurant yesterday. And you? Did you go to a restaurant ?

1 I watched a film yesterday. And you?
2 I caught a train yesterday. And you?
3 I met a friend yesterday. And you?
4 I decided to stay at home yesterday. And you?
5 I drove home yesterday. And you?
6 I wrote a letter yesterday. And you?
7 I lost my keys yesterday. And you?
8 I listened to some music yesterday. And you?
9 I cooked dinner yesterday. And you?
10 I did some exercise yesterday. And you?

PLURAL NOUNS

Regular Plural Forms

How to form the plural

We form the plural by adding -s to the singular of the noun.
Singular Plural
a boy two boys
a cassette two cassettes
Singular Plural
a car two cars
a cat two cats

Nouns ending in sibilants

Add -es. Add -s if the noun ends in one -e.
Singular Plural
a box three boxes
a sandwich four sandwiches
a suitcase five suitcases
a rose alot of roses

Nouns ending in -y
- y after consonant
Change -y to -i, then add -es.
Singular Plural
a baby two babies

There are two forms of the plural of the word penny:

• pennies → the single coins.
• pence → the price (how much something is).
-y after vowel
Add -s after a vowel.
Singular Plural
a lay two lays

Substitute with -ves

Singular Plural
a thief two thieves
a wife three wives
a shelf four shelves
Both forms are possible with the following nous:
• scarf → scarfs/scarves
• hoof → hoofs/hooves

Add-s for words ending in -ff.

Nouns ending in -o
Add -s
Singular Plural
a disco two discos
Singular Plural
a piano two pianos

Add -es
Singular Plural
a tomato two tomatoes
a potato two potatoes

Both forms are possible with the following nous:

• buffalo → buffalos/buffaloes
• mosquito → mosquitos/mosquitoes
• tornado → tornados/tornadoes
2. Irregular Plural Forms

Singular Plural
a man two men
a woman three women
some
a child
children
a mouse two mice
a tooth 32 teeth
a goose alotof geese
a foot ten feet
an ox afew oxen

Agreement of a verb and a noun:

These nouns look like to have a plural form but take a singular verb:

Nouns used with a singular verb Sentence

news The news is at 6.30 p.m.
athletics Athletics is good for young people.
linguistics Linguistics is the study of language.
darts Darts is a popular game.
billiards Billiards is played all over the USA.
Some nouns have a plural form and take a plural verb. They are not used in the singular, they have a
different meaning in the singular. Nouns such as trousers, jeans, glasses, savings, thanks, steps,
stairs, customs, congratulations, tropics, wages, spectacles, outskirts, goods, wits.

Noun with plural verb Sentence

Your trousers are too
trousers
tight.
jeans My jeans are black.
glasses These glasses are his.

There is/ Thre are

There is used as a dummy subject with part of the verb be:
• a new topic:
There is a conference this evening. It will start at 8 o' clock.
There is an accident. I hope no one is hurt.
• numbers or quantities:
There is a lot of noise at school.
There are more than five hundred in the audience.
• directions:
There is a playground at the end of the street.
There are flowers at the bottom of the garden.
• an indefinite pronoun or expressions of quantity and the to-infinitive:
There is nothing to do here.
There is plenty to read.
There is nothing to watch on television.
There is a lot of work to do

• an indefinite pronoun or expressions of quantity and an -ing verb:

There is someone waiting.
There are a lot of people shouting and waving.
We use a singular verb if the noun phrase is singular:
There is a meeting this evening. It will start at 8 o' clock.
There is a lot of rain last night.
There is someone waiting.
We use a plural verb if the noun phrase is plural:
There are more than fifty people waiting to see you.
There are some biscuits in the cupboard.
There are a lot of people shouting and waving.
 'There is' or 'There are'?

1
There is

three malls in my town.

There are

2
There is

a bus stop near the book shop.

There are

3
There is

a very beautiful river here.

There are

4
There is

many types of dogs.

There are

5
There is

a wonderful beach near our house.

There are

6
There is
 many mountains in our world.
There are

7
There is

two cats on the corner.

There are

8
There is

a little milk in the bottle on the table.

There are

Word List – Study the new vocabulary:

Asking for and Giving Directions

How do I get to …?
What's the best way to …?
Where is …?
Go straight on (until you come to …).
Turn back./Go back.
Turn left/right (into …-street).
Go along …
Cross …
Take the first/second road on the left/right
It's on the left/right.
Straight on
opposite
near
next to
between
at the end (of)
on/at the corner
behind
in front of
(just) around the corner
 traffic lights
crossroads, junction
signpost

Asking somebody for directions

Questions you can ask about directions

Can you please tell me how I can get to Akasya Street?

Where is the nearest market?
How can I get to the supermarket?
I'm trying to get to Atatürk Street.
How do I get to the post office?
What's the best way to get to your house next ?
Where is the hospital can you tell me please?
How to give directions:

Go straight on till you see the hospital then turn left.

Turn back, you have gone past the turning.
Turn left when you see a roundabout.
Turn right at the end of the road and my house is number 67.
Cross the junction and keep going for about 1 mile.
Take the third road on the right and you will see the shop on the right
Take the third road on the right and you will see the office on the left
Take the second road on the left and you will see the hospital on the left
Take the second road on the left and you will see the school straight ahead
The office is opposite the railway station.
The shop is near the school.
The house is next to the local market.
The shop is in between the chemist and the book shop.
At the end of the road you will see a round about.
At the corner of the road you will see yellow building.
Go straight on at the traffic lights.
Turn right at the crossroads.
Follow the signposts for Manchester.
Giving directions conversation
A : - Please tell me how I get to your apartment?
B: - Are you coming by car or by bus?
A: - I am coming by car.
A: - Please could you tell me the easiest way of getting to your apartment?
B: - Take the E5 to the bridge and come of at junction by Optimum.
A: - Optimum can you spell that for me
B: - O p t i m u m
A: - Thanks
B: - OK, then turn right at the roundabout and take the first left my house is on the left next to the
local food store.
A: - Is that the quickest way of getting to your apartment?
B: -Yes, it is the quickest way by car.
A: - Would you draw me a map please I don't know the area.
B: - Yes.
A: - Thanks.
Some speaking tips:

Speak slowly so people can understand.

When speaking with someone, use your hands to demonstrate what you mean.
Always use the word "please" when you are asking someone for directions. It's polite, and people
are more likely to help you.

Fill in the blanks with the words: continue, end, excuse, get, left (2x), next, opposite, right,
second, straight on, thank, turn, welcome

1. _____ me, how do I______to the theatre?

2. Go______.
3. Turn_______at the corner.
4. Then take the_______road on your______.
5. _______to the_______of the road.
6. _______left there.
7. The theatre is on your______,______the castle.
8. ________you very much.
9. You're_______.