CHAPTER-1-3-G4PR2

Level of Parental Involvement Among Grade 12 HUMSS Students
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Parental involvement in education has been widely recognized as a critical

factor in determining student academic success and socio-emotional
development. Research has consistently shown that parents who are actively
engaged in their children's education tend to have children who perform
better academically, have higher self-esteem, and are more likely to
graduate from high school and attend college (Henderson & Mapp, 2002;
Epstein, 2011).
The concept of parental involvement in education refers to the ways in which

parents and caregivers participate in their children's educational
experiences, including communicating with teachers, attending parent-
teacher conferences, volunteering in the classroom, and helping with
homework (Epstein, 2011).
In the Philippines, parental involvement in education has been identified as a

major concern. Studies have shown that Filipino parents tend to have limited
involvement in their children's education, particularly in urban areas
(Tantengco, 2004).
Statement of the Problem
The study determined the level of parental involvement among Grade 12 Humss
Students.Spicifically, it answered the following question:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondent in terms of:

 Gender
 Strand
2. How may the level of parental involvement among KNCHS-AHS

students be described in terms of:
 Academic (curricular/extra curricular)
 Personal
3. What barriers of challenges prevent parents of KNCHS-SHS students
from being more actively involvement in their child’s educations, and
how can these barriers be addressed?
Significance of the Study

The study was conducted to determined the level of parental involvement
among Grade 12 HUMSS students in their personal and academic
performance. The findings of this study have redounded to the benefit of the
following:
Students The primary beneficiaries of this study are K-12 students. The
research aims to gain insight into how parental involvement affects their
academic performance and personal problem.
Parents and Guardians This will help them understand their current
involvement in their child’s education and personal issues.
Teachers For them to have a better understanding of a home environment

of their students.
School administration For them to identify areas where parental

involvement can be improved.
Future Researchers For them to know the involvement of parents in their

children in academic and personal problem.
Scope and Delimitation
This study focuses on examining the level of parental involvement in

KNCHS-SHS students. The study aims to gather quantitative data on
student’s perceived adaption. However, the study is delimited to the specific
context of KNCHS-SHS students. The reliance on quantitative data and
subjective assessments poses constraints on the depth of understanding.
References:
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York:
Freeman.
Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge University

Press.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Harvard
University Press.
Coleman, J. S. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital.
American Journal of Sociology, 94, S95-S120.
Desforges, C., & Abouchaar, A. (2003). The impact of parental involvement

on children's learning. London: Department for Education and Skills.
Epstein, J. L. (2001). School, family, and community partnerships: Preparing

educators and improving schools. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Epstein, J. L. (2011). School, family, and community partnerships: Your

handbook for action. Corwin Press.
Henderson, A. T., & Mapp, K. L. (2002). A new wave of evidence: The impact
of school, family, and community connections on student achievement.
Journal of Educational Psychology, 94(2), 225-241.
Tantengco, K. (2004). Parental involvement in education: A study of Filipino

parents in urban areas. Unpublished master's thesis, University of the
Philippines Diliman.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter covers the (2.1) related literature and (2.2) definitions of terms
important to the study, which are drawn from books and theses. It also
includes (2.3) the theoretical framework and (2.4) the definitions of key
terms relevant to the research. The sources used include books, theses,
articles by both local and foreign authors, as well as online articles from both
local and international writers.
2.1 Related Literature
Parental Involvement in the Senior High School Context
As senior high school students gain independence and prepare for higher
education or careers, the nature of parental involvement evolves. While
parents may reduce their direct 9participation in school activities, their
emotional support and guidance remain crucial for maintaining students’
academic motivation and helping them navigate future challenges. Wang
and Sheikh-Khalil (2014) found that parental encouragement during this
stage significantly influences students’ long-term goals, such as college
aspirations or career choices. Even as students take on more responsibility
for their academic work, parents continue to provide essential support by
fostering a positive home environment, discussing future plans, and offering
advice, which helps students stay focused and motivated to achieve their
goals.
Relationship between parental involvement indicators and academic

achievement.
According to Boonk, Gijselaers, Ritzen, and Brand-Gruwel, (2018)The

research examines how these parental involvement variables affect
academic achievement based on the age of the students.There is a detailed
analysis of the moderating and mediating variables influencing the
relationship between parental involvement and academic success.The recent
studies in the last decade particularly focus on the concept of parental
involvement and highlight advancements in this area.Among the various
parental involvement variables studied, those that show promise in
enhancing academic achievement are identified. Parental encouragement
and support for learning are particularly noted as beneficial factors impacting
students' academic success.
Relationship Between Parental Involvement in Education and
Academic
Achievements
Data from ATES(2021), highlight that Parental involvement in education,

known as academic socialization, plays a crucial role in student success by
clarifying educational expectations, discussing learning strategies, and
supporting children's education dreams and plans. This involvement fosters a
positive interaction between schools and families, enhancing the child's
educational experience. Research demonstrates that parental involvement
significantly impacts student academic success, with findings indicating
improved academic achievements in mathematics, reading, and language
skills. Additionally, involvement decreases absenteeism and increases
homework completion rates, highlighting the positive effects of family
engagement in education. The concept of academic achievement is broad,
encompassing students' subject scores, general averages, and test scores.
Different studies define parental involvement variably, including parent-
teacher communication, assistance with homework, and participation in
school activities. In this study, parental involvement is defined as the family's
contribution to the child's education.
Involvement and style of parents towards student performance
According to Sumanasekera, Ferdous Azam and Khatibi(2021), highlight that

Parents play a crucial role in shaping children's academic achievement by
actively engaging in their learning process. Parental involvement includes
activities such as helping with homework, attending school events,
communicating with teachers, and volunteering. It aims to enhance both
academic success and social well-being. Schools, often seen as a second
home, complement parental efforts by instilling moral values and preparing
children for future careers. Research shows a significant positive relationship
between parental involvement and students' academic performance, with
active involvement having the most impact. While parental involvement is
vital at all stages, it is particularly critical during secondary school, though
parents tend to become less engaged as children grow into adolescents.
Despite extensive studies worldwide, limited research has explored the
combined effects of parental involvement and parenting styles on student
performance in developing countries, highlighting the need for further
investigation.
Parental Involvement and Emotional Intelligence of Senior High

School Students
According to Tumampos, and Bucar (2024) mention that this study revealed
that parents were only slightly involved in their children's education,
including home-based and school-based activities, as well as home-school
conferencing. Students generally exhibited a "Low" level of emotional
intelligence, with the exception of a "High" rating in utilizing their emotions.
Other components of emotional intelligence were rated "Low." While no
direct correlation was found between parental involvement and students'
emotional intelligence, Multiple Regression analysis indicated that parental
involvement influenced students' abilities to manage others' emotions and
utilize their own emotions. Recommendations were proposed to address
these findings and improve outcomes.
2.2 Conceptual Framework
This study was anchored on the idea that parental involvement plays a
significant role in shaping the academic success and overall well-being of
senior high school students. Parental involvement encompasses various
actions, including providing academic support, attending school activities,
and monitoring student progress. It is assumed that higher levels of parental
involvement contribute to better academic performance, enhanced
motivation, and stronger emotional support for students.
The main focus of this study was to determine the level of parental
involvement among Grade 12 Humss students and its influence on their
academic performance and development. The independent variable is
parental involvement, which includes actions such as assisting with
schoolwork, attending school meetings, and providing encouragement. The
dependent variable is the academic performance and overall well-being of
the students, as these are directly influenced by the level of parental
involvement.
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
- Level of parental involvement - Academic performance
•Academic support - Overall well-being
•Participation in school activities
•Monitoring student progress
Figure 1. Schematic Diagram
2.3 Operational Definition of Terms
• Parental Involvement: The actions and support provided by parents, such

as fostering a positive home environment, offering emotional support,
discussing future plans, and encouraging academic and career aspirations of
senior high school students.
• Senior High School Students: Learners enrolled in the senior high school
level, typically in grades11 and 12, who are preparing for higher education or
career pathways.
• Academic Motivation: The drive or willingness of senior high school

students to actively engage in their academic responsibilities and achieve
their educational goals, often influenced by parental encouragement.
• Emotional Support: The act of providing comfort, understanding, and

reassurance to senior high school students by parents to help them manage
academic pressures and personal challenges.
• Future Aspirations: The long-term goals or plans of senior high school

students, including college education or career choices, which are shaped by
discussions and encouragement from their parents.
Reference:
Sumanasekera I,. Ferdous Azam S.M, Khatibi A, (2021).REVIEW OF
LITERATURE ON INVOLVEMENT AND STYLE OF PARENTS
TOWARDS STUDENT PERFORMANCE, SSN 2249-9954.
ATEŞ, A (2021).The Relationship Between Parental Involvement in Education

and Academic
Achievement: A Meta-analysis Study. Pegem Journal of Education
and Instruction, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2021, 50-66
Boonk, L., Gijselaers, H. J. M., Ritzen, H., Brand-Gruwel, S. (2018). A review of

the
relationship between parental involvement indicators and academic

achievement.
Wang, M.-T., & Sheikh-Khalil, S. (2014). Does parental involvement matter for
student achievement and mental health in high school? Child Development,
85(2), 610–625.
Tumampos, J., Bucar, J., (2024). Parental Involvement and Emotional

Intelligence of Senior High School Students. Psychology and Education: A
Multidisciplinary Journal, 18(3), 277-281.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.108843612.2 Operational Definitions of Terms
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter discussed the research processes that were relevant and
applicable in addressing the statement of the problem outlined in Chapter 1.
The study aimed to assess and evaluate the extent of parental involvement
among KNCHS-SHS students. It provided a detailed description of the
research design and outlined the various procedures undertaken to ensure
the feasibility and success of the study.
3.1 Research Design
This study will employ a quantitative research design to assess the level of
parental involvement among senior high school (SHS) students. A cross-
sectional survey will be used to gather data at a single point in time.In this
case the researcher well appreciate anyone who will participate in our study.
3.2 Research Locale
This study was conducted in the Koronadal National Comprehensive High

School.
Figure 1. Location map of the study. KNCHS 2024.
Koronadal national comprehensive high school (KNCHS) was establish in

1947, It has 79,000 square meters, Located in Rizal street, barangay zone 4
Koronadal city, south Cotabato. As of school year 2024-2025 the total
enrollees of KNCHS-SHS Grade 12 HUMSS student is 903.
3.3 Respondent of the study

The respondent for this study comprise 150 Grade 12 Humss
student, both male and female, who are currently enrolled in Koronadal
national comprehensive high school in the school year 2024-2025.
3.4 Data gathering instrument
Data will be collected using checklist design to identify level of

Parental involvement among the student, the checklist will answer the given
question based on their perception.
3.5 Data gathering procedure
To gain the exact population of Grade 12 Humss student at KNCHS. The

researcher will begin to by requesting statical data of Grade 12 Humss
student. The survey participate count will be determined based on the
information provided. Participants will be given questionnaires to complete at
their convenience, With sufficient time allotted for addressing any concern.
Sampling Technique
The survey will use stratified random sampling to ensure a credible

presentation of student samples by selection. Stratification is the progress of
splitting a population into homogeneous subgroups before sampling.
To ensure the reliability of respondent selection and eliminate bias,

the researcher will also use proportionate and simple random sampling with
a random start using a lottery approach. This ensures that Grade 12 HUMSS
students have an equal opportunity of being selected as study participants.
Statistical Treatment
The researchers used the following statistical treatment in this study:
1.) To determine the respondents of the study in terms of age and gender
frequency and percentage was used.
2.) To determine the level of parental involvement among Grade 12 HUMSS

students in terms of age and gender, frequency and percentage was used.
In findings the level of parental involvement among Grade 12 HUMSS

students ,the researchers used 1-5 frequency scale ratings,whereas,
5-Strongly Agree
4-Agree
3-Neutral
2-Disagree
1-Strongly Disagree

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Level of Parental Involvement Among Grade 12 HUMSS Students

Background of the Study

Parental involvement in education has been widely recognized as a critical

The concept of parental involvement in education refers to the ways in which

In the Philippines, parental involvement in education has been identified as a

Statement of the Problem

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondent in terms of:

2. How may the level of parental involvement among KNCHS-AHS

Significance of the Study

Teachers For them to have a better understanding of a home environment

School administration For them to identify areas where parental

Future Researchers For them to know the involvement of parents in their

Scope and Delimitation

This study focuses on examining the level of parental involvement in

Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge University

Desforges, C., & Abouchaar, A. (2003). The impact of parental involvement

Epstein, J. L. (2001). School, family, and community partnerships: Preparing

Epstein, J. L. (2011). School, family, and community partnerships: Your

Tantengco, K. (2004). Parental involvement in education: A study of Filipino

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Parental Involvement in the Senior High School Context

Relationship between parental involvement indicators and academic

According to Boonk, Gijselaers, Ritzen, and Brand-Gruwel, (2018)The

Data from ATES(2021), highlight that Parental involvement in education,

Involvement and style of parents towards student performance

According to Sumanasekera, Ferdous Azam and Khatibi(2021), highlight that

Parental Involvement and Emotional Intelligence of Senior High

2.2 Conceptual Framework

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram

2.3 Operational Definition of Terms

• Parental Involvement: The actions and support provided by parents, such

• Academic Motivation: The drive or willingness of senior high school

• Emotional Support: The act of providing comfort, understanding, and

• Future Aspirations: The long-term goals or plans of senior high school

TOWARDS STUDENT PERFORMANCE, SSN 2249-9954.

ATEŞ, A (2021).The Relationship Between Parental Involvement in Education

Achievement: A Meta-analysis Study. Pegem Journal of Education

and Instruction, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2021, 50-66

Boonk, L., Gijselaers, H. J. M., Ritzen, H., Brand-Gruwel, S. (2018). A review of

relationship between parental involvement indicators and academic

Tumampos, J., Bucar, J., (2024). Parental Involvement and Emotional

3.1 Research Design

3.2 Research Locale

This study was conducted in the Koronadal National Comprehensive High

Figure 1. Location map of the study. KNCHS 2024.

Koronadal national comprehensive high school (KNCHS) was establish in

3.3 Respondent of the study

3.4 Data gathering instrument

Data will be collected using checklist design to identify level of

3.5 Data gathering procedure

To gain the exact population of Grade 12 Humss student at KNCHS. The

The survey will use stratified random sampling to ensure a credible

To ensure the reliability of respondent selection and eliminate bias,

The researchers used the following statistical treatment in this study:

2.) To determine the level of parental involvement among Grade 12 HUMSS

In findings the level of parental involvement among Grade 12 HUMSS

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