Tutorial questions of MII (BSC104)

Unit1: Multivariable calculus (Differentiation)

Limit and Continuity
1) Find limit of the following functions
3𝑥 2 −𝑦 2 +5 𝑒 𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦+1
i) lim , ii) lim , iii) lim𝜋 ,
(𝑥,𝑦)→(0,0) 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 +2 (𝑥,𝑦)→(0,0) 𝑥 (𝑥,𝑦)→( ,0) 𝑦−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
2
2𝑥𝑦+𝑦𝑧
iv) lim
(𝑥,𝑦,𝑧)→(1,−1,−1) 𝑥 2 +𝑧 2
2) Find the following limits by rewriting the fractions first
𝑦+4
i) lim 𝑥 𝑦−𝑥𝑦+4𝑥 2 −4𝑥
2 (were, y≠ −4, 𝑥 ≠ 𝑥 2 ) ,
(𝑥,𝑦)→(2,−4)
√2𝑥−𝑦−2 √𝑥−√𝑦+1 1−cos(𝑥𝑦)
ii) lim , iii) lim iv) lim ,
(𝑥,𝑦)→(2,0) 2𝑥−𝑦−4 (𝑥,𝑦)→(4,3) 𝑥−𝑦−1 (𝑥,𝑦)→(0,0) 𝑥𝑦
2𝑥−𝑦≠4 𝑥≠𝑦+1
𝑥−𝑦
v) lim
(𝑥,𝑦)→(0,0) 𝑥 4 −𝑦 4
3) At what points (x, y) in the plane, the following functions are continuous,
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 1
i) g (x, y) = 𝑥 2 −3𝑥+2 , ii) g(x, y)= sin(𝑥𝑦)
4) By considering different paths of approach, show that the following
functions have no limit as (𝑥, 𝑦) → (0,0).
𝑥 4 −𝑦 2 𝑥𝑦 𝑥2𝑦
i) f (x, y) = 𝑥 4 +𝑦 2 , ii) f (x, y) = |𝑥𝑦| , iii) h (x, y)= 𝑥 4 +𝑦 2 ,
5) show that for the following functions limit does not exist
𝑥𝑦 2 −1 𝑥𝑦+1
i) lim , ii) lim
(𝑥,𝑦)→(1,1) 𝑦−1 (𝑥,𝑦)→(1,−1) 𝑥 2 −𝑦 2
6) find the limit of f (x, y) as (𝑥, 𝑦) → (0,0) or show that the limit does not
𝑥 3 −𝑥𝑦 2 2𝑥 𝑥 3 +𝑦 4
exist. i) f (x, y) = iii) f (x, y) =𝑥 2 +𝑥+𝑦 2 iii) f (x, y) =𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
7) check whether the following functions are continuous or not
3𝑥 2 −𝑥 2 𝑦2 +3𝑦 2
𝑙𝑛 ( ) , 𝑖𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) ≠ (0,0)
i) f(x, y)= { 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 ,
ln (3) , 𝑖𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) = (0,0)
3𝑥 2 𝑦
, 𝑖𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) ≠ (0,0)
ii) f (x, y) = {𝑥 2 +𝑦2
1 , 𝑖𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) ≠ (0,0)
 Partial derivatives
𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓
Q1) calculate the partial derivatives 𝑎𝑛𝑑 for following functions,
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝑥+𝑦 𝑦
i) f (𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥𝑦−1 , ii) f (𝑥, 𝑦)= 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑦 𝑥 , iii) f(x,y) =ln(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )+tan−1 (𝑥 )

𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓 𝜕2 𝑓 𝜕2 𝑓 𝜕2 𝑓
Q2) calculate the partial derivatives , 𝜕𝑦 , 𝜕𝑧 , 𝜕𝑥 2 , & 𝜕𝑧𝑦 for
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑥𝑧
following functions,
𝑥 𝑦 𝑧
i) f (x, y, z) = (x-y)(y-z)(z-x) , ii) f(x, y, z)= 𝑦 + 𝑧 + 𝑥 ,
𝑥 𝑧
ii) f (x, y, z) = 𝑦𝑧.ln(𝑥𝑦) , iv) f (x, y, z) = 𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑒 𝑦

Q3) find all the second order partial derivatives (i.e. 𝑓𝑥𝑥 , 𝑓𝑦𝑦 , 𝑓𝑥𝑦 & 𝑓𝑦𝑥 of the
following functions,
i) w= 𝑥 2 tan (𝑥𝑦) , ii) w (x, y) = 𝑒 𝑥 ln(𝑦)+sin(𝑦)ln(𝑥)
Q4) a) Show that the following Functions satisfy 3-dimensional Laplace
𝜕2 𝑓 𝜕2 𝑓 𝜕2 𝑓
equation (𝑖𝑒 𝜕𝑥 2 + 𝜕𝑦2 + 𝜕𝑧 2 = 0 )
i) f (x, y, z) = 2𝑧 3 − 3(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )𝑧 ii) f (x, y, z) = 𝑒 3𝑥+4𝑦 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠5𝑧
b) show that the following function satisfy 2-dimensional Laplace
𝜕2 𝑓 𝜕2 𝑓
equation (𝜕𝑥 2 + 𝜕𝑦2 = 0)
i) f (x, y) = 𝑒 −2𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑥) . ii) f (x, y) = 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 − 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦)
Q5) Using limit definition of partial derivative find partial derivative 𝑓𝑥, 𝑓𝑦 of the
following function at specified point
i) f (x, y) = √2𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 1 , at (-2,3) .

sin (𝑥 3 +𝑦 4 )
, 𝑖𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) ≠ (0,0)
ii) f(x, y)={ 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 , at (0,0) .
0 , 𝑖𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) ≠ (0,0)
𝑥𝑦 2
, 𝑖𝑓 (𝑥, 𝑦) ≠ (0,0)
Q6) show that the following function f (x, y) = {𝑥 2 +𝑦4 is not
0 , 𝑖𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) ≠ (0,0)
differentiable at (0,0).
Q7) In following Examples, draw a branch Diagram and write a chain rule
formula for each derivative.
𝑑𝑧
i) for z= f (u, v, w), u=g (t), v=h(t), w=k(t)
𝑑𝑡
𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤
ii) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 for w= f (r, s, t), r=g (x, y), s=h (x, y), t=k (x, y).
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
iii) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 for z=f (x, y), x=g (t, s), y=h (t, s)
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑠
 𝜕𝑤
iv) for w= g(x, y) , x=h(r, s, t) , y=k(r, s, t)
𝜕𝑠
𝑑𝑤 𝑑𝑤
Q8) find a) as a function of t by using chain rule and then b) evaluate at
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
the given value of t.
𝑥 𝑦 1
i) w= 𝑧 + 𝑧 , 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡 , 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑡, 𝑧 = 𝑡 ; 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 3
ii) 𝑤 = 2𝑦𝑒 𝑥 − ln(𝑧) , 𝑥 = ln(𝑡 2 + 1) , 𝑦 = tan−1 𝑡 , 𝑧 = 𝑒 𝑡 ; 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 1
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
Q9) a) find 𝜕𝑢 𝑎𝑛𝑑 as a function of 𝑢 and 𝑣 by using chain rule and then
𝜕𝑣
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
b) evaluate 𝜕𝑢 𝑎𝑛𝑑 at the given point
𝜕𝑣
𝜋
𝑧 = 4𝑒 𝑥 ln(𝑦) , 𝑥 = ln(𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑣) , 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑣 ; 𝑎𝑡 (𝑢, 𝑣) = (2, )
4
𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤
Q10) a) find 𝜕𝑢 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜕𝑣 as a function of 𝑢 and 𝑣 by using chain rule and then
𝜕𝑤 𝜕𝑤
b) evaluate 𝑎𝑛𝑑 at the given point
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣
i) 𝑤 = 𝑙𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) , 𝑥 = 𝑢𝑒 𝑣 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢 , 𝑦 = 𝑢𝑒 𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 , 𝑧 =
2

𝑢𝑒 𝑣 ; 𝑎𝑡 (𝑢, 𝑣) = (−2,0)
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
Q11) a) find 𝜕𝑥 , 𝜕𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜕𝑧 as a function of 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 by using chain rule and then
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢
b) evaluate , & at the given point
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑧
𝑝−𝑞
i) 𝑢 = 𝑞−𝑟 , 𝑝 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 , 𝑞 = 𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧, 𝑟 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 −
𝑧 ; 𝑎𝑡 (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (√3, 2,1)
Q12) Find partial derivatives at specified points
𝜕𝑤
i) 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑟 = 1, 𝑠 = −1 𝑖𝑓 𝑤 = (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)2 , 𝑥 = 𝑟 − 𝑠 , 𝑦 =
𝜕𝑟
cos(𝑟 + 𝑠) , 𝑧 = sin(𝑟 + 𝑠).
𝜕𝑧
ii)𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑢 = 0, 𝑣 = 1 𝑖𝑓 𝑧 = sin(𝑥𝑦) + 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 , 𝑥 = 𝑢2 + 𝑣 2 , 𝑦 =
𝜕𝑢
𝑢𝑣 .
𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧
iii)𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 & 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑢 = 1, 𝑣 = −2 𝑖𝑓 𝑧 = ln(𝑞) & 𝑞 = √𝑣 + 3 tan−1 𝑢 .
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣
Q13) find the directional derivative of following functions
𝑎𝑡 𝑝𝑜 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑢 ,
a) By using formula in terms of gradient.
i) 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦 2 , 𝑝𝑜 (5,5), 𝑢 = 4𝑖 + 3𝑗
ii) 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 2𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 , 𝑝𝑜 (−1 ,1), 𝑢 = 3𝑖 − 4𝑗
iii)
Directional derivative
Q15) 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 ∇𝑓 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
i)𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 2𝑧 2 + 𝑧𝑙𝑛𝑥 , 𝑎𝑡 (1,1,1)
−1
ii)𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝑧 2 ) 2 + ln(𝑥𝑦𝑧) , 𝑎𝑡 (−1, 2, −2)
Q14) find the directional derivative of following functions
𝑎𝑡 𝑝𝑜 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑢
𝑦 𝑥𝑦
i) ℎ(𝑥, 𝑦) = tan−1 ( ) + √3 sin−1 ( ) , 𝑝𝑜 (1 ,1) , 𝑢 = 3𝑖 − 2𝑗 .
𝑥 2
1
ii)ℎ(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑦 + 𝑒 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑙𝑛𝑧𝑥 , 𝑝𝑜 (1 ,0, 2) , 𝑢 = 𝑖 + 2𝑗 + 2𝑘 .
Q15) For each of the following functions find the directions in which the
function increases and decreases most rapidly at 𝑝𝑜 then find the derivatives of
the functions in these directions
𝑥
(i)𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) = 𝑦 − 𝑦𝑧 , 𝑎𝑡 𝑝𝑜 (4 ,1,1). (iii)𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 2 𝑦 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 , 𝑎𝑡 𝑝𝑜 (1 ,0)
𝑥−𝑦 −1 3
Q16) Let f(x, y) = 𝑥+𝑦 . 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑢 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑢 𝑓 ( 2 , 2)
𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ
−1 3 −1 3
a) 𝐷𝑢 𝑓 ( 2 , 2) 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡 ,b) 𝐷𝑢 𝑓 ( 2 , 2) 𝑖𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡 , c)
−1 3
𝐷𝑢 𝑓 ( 2 , 2) = 0 .
−1 3
d) 𝐷𝑢 𝑓 ( 2 , 2) = −2 .