Solution

AUTUMN BREAK ASSIGNMENT (MATHEMATICS)

Class 12 - Mathematics

1.
−−−−−−−−− − −−−−−−−−− −
(d) 1

2
2 2
log x ⋅ √16 + (log x) + 8 log | log x + √16 + (log x) | + C

Explanation:
2
√16+(log x)

The given integral is ∫ dx

x

Put log x = t and dx = dt . Then, 1

x
−− −−−−− t
−− −−−− 16
−− −−−−
2 2
I = ∫ √t + (4) = √t2 + 16 + 2
log t + √t + 16| + C
2 2
−−−−−−−−− − −−−−−−−−− −
=
1

2
2 2
log x√(log x) + 16 + 8 log | log x + √16 + (log x) | + C .

2. (a) 1
tan
−1
(
2 tan x
) + C
2√5 √5

Explanation:
1 1
∫ dx = ∫ dx
2 2 2 2
4 sin x+5 cos x cos x(4 tan x+5)

2
sec x
= ∫ dx
2 2
((2 tan x ) + √5

Let 2 tan x = t
⇒ 2 sec2x dx = dt
1 dt
∴ I = ∫
2 2 2
t + √5

We know, ∫ 2
1

2
=
1

a
tan
−1 x

a
+ c
x +a
1 −1 t
I = tan + c
2√5 √5

put t = 2 tan x
1 −1 2 tan x
I = tan + c
2√5 √5

3. (a) 2

2
(x log 2 - 1) + C
(log 2)

Explanation:
x x
x 2 2
I = ∫ x ⋅ 2 dx = x ⋅ − ∫ dx
(log 2) (log 2)
I II
x x

=
x⋅2
−
2

2
+C
(log 2) (log 2)

4.
(b) − cot x

2
+ C

Explanation:
Given
dx
∫
1−cos x
dx
= ∫ x
2
1−1+2 sin
2

1 dx
= ∫ x
2 2
sin
2

1 2 x
= ∫ cos ec dx
2 2
1 x
= − 2 cot + c
2 2
x
= − cot + c
2

where c is the integrating constant.

5.
−−−−−
(c) 2sin-1 y = x√1 − x + sin-1 x + C 2

Explanation:
−−−−−
2sin-1 y = x√1 − x + sin-1 x + C 2

1 / 11
6.
(d) y sin x = x + C
Explanation:
We have,
dy

dx
+ y cot x = cosec x
dy
Comparing with dx
+ Py = Q of the above equation then, we get
⇒ P = cot x, Q = cosec x
I.F. = e ∫ P dx
= e = e
∫ cot xdx log sin x
= sin x
Multiplying on both sides by sin x
dy
sin x dx
+ y cos x = 1
⇒
d

dx
(y sin x) =1
⇒ y sin x = ∫ 1dx
⇒ y sin x = x + C

7.
2
(c) (x + 4) = y + 3

Explanation:
dy y+3
Given that dx
= 2
x+4
dy 2dx
=
y+3 x+4

dy 2dx
∫ = ∫
y+3 x+4

log|y + 3| = 2log|x + 4| + logc

Here, x= -2 and y = 1
log|1 + 3| = 2log| − 2 + 4| + logc

log4 = log4 + logc

logc = 0

log |y + 3| = 2log|x + 4|

2
y + 3 = (x + 4)

8.
y
(d) ϕ ( ) = kx
x

Explanation:
We have,
y
ϕ( )
dy y x

dx
=
x
+
y
....(i)
′
ϕ ( )
x

y
Put v = x

dv dy
⇒ x + v =
dx dx
ϕ(v)
⇒ x
dv

dx
+ v = v +
′
.. from (i)
ϕ (v)

dv ϕ(v)
⇒ x = ′
dx ϕ (v)
′
ϕ (v) dx
⇒ dv =
ϕ(v) x

′
ϕ (v)
dx
⇒ ∫ dv = ∫
ϕ(v) x

⇒ log ϕ(v) = log |x|+log k

y
⇒ log ϕ ( ) - log |x| = log k
x
y
ϕ( )
x
⇒ log[ ] = log k
x

y
⇒ ϕ( ) = kx
x

9.
(d) in the plane of YZ

2 / 11
 Explanation:
in the plane of YZ

10.
^ ^ ^
(c) 11 i + 9 j − 2 k
Explanation:
^ ^ ^
11 i + 9 j − 2 k

11. (a) k
^

Explanation:
The vector perpendicular to both the vectors (^i − ^j )
and ^i = (^i − ^j ) × ^i = ^i × ^i − ^j × ^i
= 0 + ^i × ^j = k
^

12.
x−1 y−1 z−1
(c) 0
=
0
=
1

Explanation:
x−1 y−1 z−1
= =
0 0 1

13.
(b) perpendicular to the z-axis
Explanation:
It is perpendicular to z-axis.
Given, direction ratios of the line : a1 =3 ,a2=1, a3=0 & direction ratios of z-axis is b1=0, b2=0,b3=1.
Now, a1a2+b1b2+c1c2= 3.0+1.0+0.1=0 which implies that line is perpendicular to z-axis.

14.
1 1
(d) k = or k = −
√3 √3

Explanation:
We know that if l, m, n are direction cosines of a lines then l2 +m2 +n2= 1
so, k2 + k2 +k2 = 1
3 k2 = 1
k2 = 1

taking squareroot on both sides , we have k = 1

or k = − 1

√3 √3

π
15. (a) 2

Explanation:
Let's consider the first parallel vector to be a⃗ = a^i + b^j + ck
^
and second parallel vector be
→
^ ^ ^
b = (b − c) i + (c − a) j + (a − b)k
⃗
a⃗⋅ b
For the angle, we can use the formula cos α = ⃗
| a⃗|×| b|

For that, we need to find the magnitude of these vectors

− −−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2
|a⃗| = √a + b + (c)
−− −−− −−−− −
2 2 2
= √a + b + c

→ − −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
2 2 2
| b | = √(b − c) + (c − a) + (a − b )
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
2 2 2
= √2 (a + b + c − ab − bc − ca)
^ ^
(a ^
ı +b^
ȷ +ck)⋅((b−c) ^
ı +(c−a) ^
ȷ +(a−b) k)
⇒ cos α =
2 2 2 2 2 2
√2( a + b + c −ab−bc−ca)× √a + b + c

3 / 11
 ab−ac+bc−ba+ca−cb
⇒ cos α =
2 2 2 2 2 2
√2( a + b + c −ab−bc−ca)× √a + b + c

0
⇒ cos α =
2 2 2 2 2 2
√2( a + b + c −ab−bc−ca)× √a + b + c

−1
⇒ α = cos (0)
π
∴ α =
2

16. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
dx 1 −1 x
∫ = tan ( )+ c
2 2 a a
x +a

This is a standard integral and hence R is true.

dx dx
∫ = ∫
x2 +2x+3 (x+1) +( √2)
2 2

1 −1 x+1
= tan ( ) + c
√2 √2

Hence A is true and R is the correct explanation for A.

17.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation:
a
⎧
⎪
a 2 ∫ f (x)dx, if f (x) is an even f unction i. e. (−x) = f (x)
∫ f (x)dx =⎨ 0

−a ⎩
⎪
0, if f (x) is an odd f unction i. e. , f (−x) = −f (x)

This is a property of the definite integrals and hence R is true.

1

∫ (x
3
+ sin x + 2) dx
−1

1 1
3
= ∫ (x + sin x) dx + ∫ 2dx
↓
−1 ↓ −1
Even f unction
Odd f unction

= 0 + 2[x] 1
−1

=2×2
=4
Hence A is false

18.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation:
Assertion (A) is wrong.
The position of a particle in a rectangular coordinate system is (3, 2, 5). Then its position vector be 3^i + 2^j + 5k
^

Reason (R) is correct.

The displacement vector of the particle that moves from point P(2, 3, 5) to point Q(3, 4, 5)
= (3 - 2)^i + (4 - 3)^j + (5 - 5)k
^

= ^i + ^j

19. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
20. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
3

21. Let I = ∫ x

3
dx ...(i)
2
(x +1)

Also let 1 + x2 = t then,

d(1 + x2) = dt
2x dx = dt

4 / 11
 x dx = dt

Putting 1 + x2 = t and x dx =
dt

2
in equation (i), we get
2
x dt
I = ∫ ×
3 2
t

[∵ 1 + x2 = t]
1 (t−1)
= ∫ dt
2 3
t

1 t 1
= ∫ [( − ) dt]
2 3 3
t t

1 −2 −3
= ∫ (t − t ) dt
2
−2
1 −1 t
= [−1t − ] + c
2 −2

1 1 1
= [− + ] + c
2 t 2
2t

1 1
= − + + c
2t 2
4t
1 1
= − + + c
2 2
2(1+ x ) 2
4(1+ x )

2
−2(1+ x )+1
= + c
2 2
4(1+ x )

2
−2−2x +1
= + c
2 2
4(1+ x )

2
−2x −1
= + c
2 2
4(1+ x )

2
(1+2x )

= − + c
2
2
4(x +1)

2
−(1+2x )
∴ I = + c
2 2
4(x +1)

−x −x

22. Let I = ∫ e
dx =∫ e
dx
16+9e−2x 2
4 + (3e
−x
)
2

Let 3e-x = t. Then, we have d(3e-x) = dt ⇒ 3e-x dx = dt ⇒ dx = − dt

−x
3e

Putting 3e-x - t and ⇒ dx = − dt

−x
, we get
3e
−x
e dt 1 dt 1 1
∴ I = ∫ (− ) = − ∫ = − ∫ dt
2 −x 3 2 3 2 2
16+t 3e 16+t (4) + t

−x
1 1 −1 t 1 −1 3t 1 −1 3e
⇒ I = − × tan ( ) + C = − tan ( ) + C = − tan ( ) + C
3 4 4 12 4 12 4

x x 2
(2 +3 )
23. Let I = ∫ x
dx , then we have
6

x 2 x 2 x x
(2 ) + (3 ) +2⋅ 2 ⋅3
I = ∫ [ x
] dx
6

x 2 x 2
(2 ) (3 ) x x
2⋅ 2 ⋅3
= ∫ ( x x
+ x x
+ x x
) dx
2 ⋅3 2 ⋅3 2 ⋅3

x x
2 3
= ∫ [( ) + ( ) + 2] dx
3 2
x x
2 3
( ) ( )
3 2 x
x a
= + + 2x + C (∵ ∫ a dx = )
2 3 ln a
ln( ) ln
3 2

3x−1
24. ∫ 3x
e ( ) dx
9x2
3x 3x
e e
= ∫ dx − ∫ dx
3x 9x2

Taking f1(x) = 1/3x and f2(x) = e3x in the first integral and keeping the second integral intact,
3x 3x
e e
∫ dx − ∫ dx
3x 2
9x
3x

=
3x
1
∫ e
3x
dx − ∫ [
d

dx
(
1

3x
)∫ e
3x
dx] dx − ∫
e

2
dx [INTEGRATION BY PART]
9x
3x 3x 3x
e e e
= + ∫ dx − ∫ dx + c
9x 2 2
9x 9x
3x

=
e

9x
+ c , where c is the integrating constant
π/3 dx
25. According to question , I = ∫ π/6 1+ √cot x

π/3 √sin x cosx

⇒ I = ∫
π/6
dx ....(i)[∵ sinx
= cotx]
√sin x + √cos x

b b
We know that,∫ a
f (x)dx = ∫
a
f (a + b − x)dx

On applying this property in Equation (i) we get ,

5 / 11
 π π
√sin( + −x)dx
π/3 6 3

I = ∫ dx
π/6
π π π π
√cos( + −x)+ √sin( + −x)
6 3 6 3

π
√sin( −x)
2
π/3
= ∫ dx
π/6
π π
√cos( −x)+ √sin( −x)dx
2 2

π/3 √cosx
⇒ I = ∫
π/6
dx .......(ii)
√sin x + √cos x

On adding Equations (i) and (ii) we get,

π/3 √sin x + √cos x
2I = ∫ dx
π/6 √sin x + √cos x

π/3
⇒ 2I = ∫ (1)dx
π/6

π/3
⇒ 2I = [x]
π/6

π π
⇒ 2I = −
3 6
π
=
6
π
∴ I =
12

26. Let the given integral be

l=∫ dx
13+3 cos x+4 sin x
1

2 x x
1−tan 2 tan( )

Putting cos x = 2

x
and sin x = 2

1+tan2 2 x
1+ tan ( )
2 2

1
∴ I = ∫ dx
2 x x
1−tan tan( )
⎛ ⎞
2 2
13+3 +4×2
x x
⎝ 1+tan2 ⎠ 1+tan2 ( )
2 2

2 x
(1+ tan )
2
= ∫ dx
x x x
13(1+ tan2 )+3−3 tan2 +8 tan( )
2 2 2
2 x
sec
2
= ∫ dx
2 x 2 x x
13 tan −3 tan +16+8 tan( )
2 2 2
2 x
sec
2
= ∫ dx
2 x x
10 tan ( )+8 tan( )+16
2 2

x
Let tan ( 2
) = t then we have
⇒
1

2
sec (
2 x

2
) dx = dt
⇒ sec (
2 x

2
) dx = 2dt
2dt
∴ I = ∫
2
10t +8t+16

dt
= ∫
2
5t +4t+8
1 dt
= ∫
5 2 4 8
t + t+
5 5

1 dt
= ∫
5 2 2
2 4 2 2 8
t + t+ ( ) −( ) +
5 5 5 5

1 dt
= ∫
5 2
2 4 8
(t+ ) − +
5 25 5

1 dt
= ∫
5 2 −4+40
2
(t+ ) +
5 25

1 dt
= ∫
5 2 2
2 6
(t+ ) +( )
5 5

2
t+
1 5 −1 5
= × tan ( ) + C
5 6 6

1 −1 5t+2
= tan ( ) + C
6 6
x
5 tan +2
1 −1 2
= tan ( ) + C
6 6

27. Given equation is

dy

dx
- 3y = sin 2x
dy dy
Compare dx
- 3y = sin 2x with dx
+ Py = Q

we get P = -3 and Q = sin2x

6 / 11
 This is linear differential equation where P and Q are functions of x
Now, IF = e ∫ P dx

⇒ IF = e
∫ (−3)dx

⇒ IF = e-3x
The solution of linear differential equation is given by y(IF) = ∫ Q(IF)dx + c

⇒ ye-3x = ∫ e
−3x
sin 2xdx ......(i)
Let I = ∫ e
−3x
sin 2xdx
′
−3x −3x
= e ∫ sin 2x − ∫ [(e ) ∫ sin 2x]dx
c os 2x
−3×
= −e −3x cos 2x

2
+ ∫ 3e 2 + c

Again, applying the above stated rule in ∫ 3e

−3x cos 2x

2
we get
−3x cos 2x 3 −3x sin 2x −3x sin 2x
= −e 2
−
2
[e
2
+ ∫ 3e
2
] + c

So,
−3x cos 2x 3 −3x sin 2x 9
∫ e
−3x
sin 2xdx = −e 2
−
2
e
2
−
4
∫ e
−3x
sin 2x + c

∫ e
−3x
sin 2xdx +
9

4
∫ e
−3x
sin 2x = −e −3x cos 2x

2
−
3

2
−3x sin 2x
e
2
+ c

13

4
∫ e
−3x
sin 2xdx = −e −3x cos 2x

2
−
3

2
e
−3x sin 2x

2
+ c

13

4
× 4∫ e
−3x
sin 2xdx = -e-3x 2 cos 2x - 3 e-3x sin 2x + c
13 ∫ e
−3x
sin 2xdx = -e-3x (2 cos 2x + 3 sin 2x) + c
−3x
−e (2 cos 2x+3 sin 2x)
∫ e
−3x
sin 2xdx = 13
+ c

Put this value in (i) to get,

ye-3x = ∫ e
−3x
sin 2xdx
−3x
−e (2 cos 2x+3 sin 2x)
−3x
ye = + c
13
1 3x
⇒ y= − (3 sin 2x + 2 cos 2x) + ce
13

28. The given differential equation may be written as

−1
(tan y−x)
dx
=
dy (1+ y 2 )

−1
tan y
⇒
dx
+
1
⋅ x = ...equation(i)
dy (1+ y 2 ) (1+ y 2 )

−1
tan y
This of the form dx
+ Px = Q , where P =
1
and Q = .
dy (1+ y 2 ) (1+ y 2 )

Thus, the given differential equation is linear.

1
∫ dy

∫ P dy (1+y 2 ) tan
−1
y
IF = e = e = e

So, the solution of the given differential equation is given by

x × IF = ∫ [Q × IF]dy + C , where C is an arbitrary constant.

−1
−1 tan y −1
i.e., x × e tan y
= ∫ {
2
× e
tan y
} dy + C
(1+ y )

t
= ∫ te dt + C , where tan-1y = t and 1

2
dy = dt
I II (1+ y )

= te
t
− ∫ 1 ⋅ e dt + C
t
[using integrating by parts]
= tet - et + C
= (t - 1)et + C
−1
−1 tan y
= (tan y − 1) e + C
−1 −1
∴ xe
tan y
= (tan
−1
y − 1) e
tan y
+ C ...equation(ii)
Putting x = 0 and y = 0 in equation(ii), we get C = 1.
−1 −1
tan y −1 tan y
∴ xe = (tan y − 1) e + 1
−1

Hence, x = (tan −1
y − 1) + e
− tan y
is the required solution.
→
29. Let →
^ ^ ^
a = a1 i + a2 j + a3 k and let A be the angle between a and each of the coordinate axes.
→ → →
Then, A is the angle between a and each one of i , j and
→ ∧
→
∴ cos A = a⋅ i
=
a1
⇒
a1 = 3 cos A [∵ ^
a ⋅ i = a1, |a⃗| = 3, |^i | = 1]
^ 3
|a⃗|| i |

7 / 11
 Similarly, a2 = 3 cos A and a3 = 3 cos A.
→
Now, |a⃗| = 3, | a | 2 = 9
2
⇒ a + a + a
1
92
2
2
3

⇒ 9cos2 A + 9 cos2 A + 9 cos2 A= 9

⇒ 27 cos2 A = 9
⇒ cos2 A = 1

⇒ cos A = 1

√3

−1 1
⇒ A = cos ( )
√3

30. Let the vectors be a⃗ and b ⃗, such that

^ ^ ^
a⃗ = 2 i − j + 2k

⃗ ^ ^ ^
b = 4 i − j + 3k

We need to find a vector perpendicular to both the vectors a⃗ and b ⃗.

Any vector perpendicular to both a⃗ and b ⃗ can be given as,
∣^ ^ ^∣
i j k
∣ ∣
⃗
a⃗ × b = ∣ 2 −1 2∣
∣ ∣
∣4 −1 3∣

⇒ a⃗ × b
⃗
= ((-1)(3) - (2) (-1) - j ⃗((2)(3) - (2)(4)) + k⃗ ((2)(-1) - (-1)(4))
^
i

⃗ ^ ^ ^
⇒ a⃗ × b = − i + 2 j + 2k

Let
^ ^ ^
r ⃗ = − i + 2 j + 2k

As we know, a unit vector in a normed vector space is a vector (often a spatial vector) of length 1.
So,
A vector of magnitude 6 in the direction of r ⃗ is given by,
r⃗
vector = 6 ×
| r |⃗

^
−^
ı +2^
ȷ +2k
⇒ vector = 6 ×
^
|− ^
ı +2^
ȷ +2k|
−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
Where, ^ ^ ^ 2 2
| − i + 2 j + 2k| = √(−1) + (2) + (2)
2

^ ^
− 1+2^
ȷ +2k
⇒ vector = 6 ×
2 2 2
√(−1) +(2) +(2)

^ ^
(− 1+2^
ȷ +2k)
⇒ vector = 6 ×
√1+4+4

^
−^
ı +2^
ȷ +2k
⇒ vector = 6 × ‘
√9

⇒ vector ^
= 2 × (− i + 2^
^
ȷ + 2k)

⇒ vector ^
= −2 i + 4^
^
ȷ + 4k

Thus, required vector is −2^i + 4^ȷ + 4k

^
.
31. Given:
a⃗, b
⃗
are non collinear vectors.
Let the position vectors of points A, B and C be a⃗ + b,⃗ a⃗ − b,⃗ a⃗ + λb ⃗ respectively.
−
−→
Then, AB = P.V. of B - P.V. of A.
⃗ ⃗
= a⃗ − b − a⃗ − b

⃗
= −2b

−
−→
BC = P.V. of C - P.V. of B.
⃗ ⃗
= a⃗ + λb − a⃗ + b

⃗
= b(λ − 1)
−
−→
CA = P.V. of A - P.V. of C.
⃗ ⃗
= a⃗ + b − a⃗ − λb

⃗
= b(1 − λ)
−
−→ −
−→ −
−→
Now, the points A,B,C are collinear if and only if, AB and C A are multiples of BC

8 / 11
 Let,
−
−→ −→
−

AB = β BC

⃗
⇒ −2b = β b(λ − 1)

⇒ −2 = β(λ − 1)
−
−→ −
−→
⇒ β = −
λ−1
2
and BC = −C A

Hence, for real values of λ , the given position vectors are parallel.
32. According to the question, a⃗ = 2λ 2^ ^ ^
i + 4λ j + k and
⃗^ ^ ^
b = 7 i − 2 j + λk

Let θ be the obtuse angle between the vectors.

⃗
a⃗⋅ b
Then, cos θ = ⃗
| a⃗|| b|

2
14λ −8λ+λ
⇒ cos θ =
√4λ +16λ2 +1√49+4+λ2
4

since θ is obtuse,
∴ cos θ < 0
2
14λ −7λ
⇒ < 0
4 2 2
√4λ +16λ +1√53+λ

2
⇒ 14λ − 7λ < 0

2
⇒ 2λ − λ < 0

⇒ λ(2λ − 1) < 0
1
⇒ 0 < λ <
2
1
⇒ λ ∈ (0, )
2

33. Let m⃗ and m⃗ be vectors parallel to the two given lines.

1 2

Then, angle between the two given lines is same as the angle between m⃗ and m⃗ 1 2

Now, m⃗ = Vector parallel to the line whose direction ratio are proportional to 1,1, 2
1

– –
∴ m⃗ 2 = Vector parallel to the line whose direction ratios are proportional to √3 − 1, −√3 − 1, 4
→ → – –
^ ^ ^
∴ m1 = i + j + 2k and m = (√3 − 1)^i − (√3 + 1)^j + 4k
^
2

Let θ be the angle between the lines. Then, we know that

→ →
m1 ⋅ m2 ( √3−1)−( √3+1)+8
cos θ = → →
= = 6
= 1

2
2 2 √6√24
| m1 || m2 | √1+1+4√( √3−1) +( √3+1) +16

π
⇒ θ=
3

l1 m1 m1 l1 l2 l3 1 0 0
⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
34. A A' = ⎢ l 2 m2 n2 ⎥ ⎢ m1 m2 m3 ⎥ = ⎢ 0 1 0 ⎥ = I3
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
l3 m3 n3 n1 n2 n3 0 0 1

because
l
2
1
+ m
2
1
+ n
2
1
= 1 , for each i = 1, 2, 3
lij + mimj + ninj = 0(i ≠ j) for each i, j = 1, 2, 3
35. i. ∵ dx

dt
∝ x, ∴
dx

dt
= −kx

dx
⇒ ∫
x
= ∫ −kdt ⇒ log x = -kt + c
⇒ x= e-kt+c ⇒ x = λ e-kt
Let x = x0 at t = 0

∵ x0 = λ ⇒ x = x0e-kt where x0 = original quantity

ii. x = x0e-kt ...(i)

x0
Now, 2
= x0 e
−5k
(∵ half life = 5 hours)
1
−5k 1 k
⇒ e = ⇒ e = 2 5
2

The quantity of propofol needed in a 50 Kg adult at the end of 2 hours = 50 × 3 = 150 mg ⇒ 150 = x0e-2k [using ...(i)]

⇒ x0 = 150 e2k ⇒ x0 = 150(ek)2

1

⇒ x0 = 150(2 5 )
2
= 150 × 1.3195 = 197.93 mg

9 / 11
36. (i) Let the population at any instant (t) be y.
Now it is given that the rate of increase of population is proportional to the number of inhabitants at any instant.
dy
∴ αy
dt
dy
⇒
dt
= ky (k is constant)
dy
⇒ = kdt
y

Now, integrating both sides, we get,

log y = kt + C .......(i)
According to given conditions,
In the year 1999, t = 0 and y = 20000
⇒ log20000 = C .....(ii)

Also, in the year 2004, t = 5 and y = 25000

⇒ log 25000 = k.5 + C

⇒ log 25000 = 5k + log 20000

25000 5
⇒ 5k = log( ) = log( )
20000 4

⇒ k=
1

5
log(
5

4
) ......(iii)
Also, in the year 2009, t = 10
Now, substituting the values of t, k and c in equation (i), we get
1 5
log y = 10 × log( ) + log(20000)
5 4

2
5
⇒ log y = log[20000 × ( ) ]
4

5 5
⇒ y = 20000 × ×
4 4

⇒ y = 31250
Therefore, the population of the village in 2009 will be 31250.
(ii) Let the population at any instant (t) be y.
By the given condition,we have,
dy
αy
dt
dy
⇒
dt
= ky (k is constant)
dy
⇒ = kdt
y

Now, integrating both sides, we get,

log y = kt + C ...(i)
According to given conditions,
In the year 1990, t = 0 and y = 200000
⇒ log200000 = C ...(ii)

Also, in the year 2000, t = 5 and y = 250000

⇒ log 250000 = k.5 + C

⇒ log 250000 = 5k + log 200000

250000 5
⇒ 5k = log( ) = log( )
200000 4

5
⇒ k=
1

5
log(
4
) ......(iii)
Also, in the year 2010, t = 10
Now, substituting the values of t, k and c in equation (i), we get
1 5
log y = 10 × log( ) + log(200000)
5 4

2
5
⇒ log y = log[200000 × ( ) ]
4

5 5
⇒ y = 200000 × ×
4 4

⇒ y = 312500
Therefore, the population of the village in 2010 will be 312500.
→ → →
37. i. Total displacement = | d 1| + | d2 | + | d3 |
→ −− −−−−
2 2
| d1 | = √6 + 8
−−−−−−
= √36 + 64

10 / 11
 −−−
= √100
= 10 km
→ −− −−−−
2 2
| d2 | = √3 + 4
−−−−−
= √9 + 16
−−
= √25
= 5 km
→ −− −−−−−
2 2
| d3 | = √7 + 12
−−−−−−−
= √49 + 144
= 13.89
Total displacement = 10 + 5 + 13.89
= 28.89
≈ 29 km

ii. Speed = = Total distance

Total time

= 28.89

1.5

= 19.26 km/hr
iii. Displacement form village to zoo = d1 + d2
= 10 + 5
= 15 km
OR
Displacement from temple to mall = d2 + d3
= 5 + 13.89
= 18.89
≈ 19 km

38. i. a⃗ = ^i + 4^j + 2k
^
, b = 3 i − 3 j − 2k and c ⃗ = −2 i + 2 j + 6k
⃗ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

⃗ ^ ^ ^
∴ a⃗ + b + c ⃗ = 2 i + 3 j + 6k

ii. We have, A(1, 4, 2), B(3, -3, -2) and C(-2, 2, 6)

−
−→ −
−→
Now, AB = b ⃗ − a⃗ = 2^i − 7^j − 4k
^
and AC ^ ^ ^
= c ⃗ − a⃗ = −3 i − 2 j + 4k

∣ ^ ^ ^ ∣
i j k
−
−→ ∣ −
−→ ∣
∴ AB × AC = ∣ 2 −7 −4 ∣
∣ ∣
∣ −3 −2 4 ∣

= (-28 - 8) - (8 - 12) + k
^
i
^
^
j (-4 - 21) = -36^i +4^j - 25k
^

−
−→ −
−→ −−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
Now, |AB × AC | = √(−36) 2
+ 4
2
+ (−25)
2

−−−−−−−−−−−− − −−−−
= √1296 + 16 + 625 = √1937
−
−→ −
−→
−−−−
∴ Area of △ABC = 1

2
|AB × AC | =
1

2
√1937 sq. units
iii. If the given points lie on the straight line, then the points will be collinear and so area of △ABC = 0
⃗ ⃗
⇒ |a⃗ × b + b × c ⃗ + c̄ × a⃗| = 0 [∵ If a⃗, b,⃗ c ⃗ are the position vectors of the three vertices A, B and C of △ABC, then area of
triangle = 1

2
⃗ ⃗
|a⃗ × b + b × c ⃗ + c ⃗ × a⃗| ]
OR
→
Here, ˆ ˆ ˆ
a = 2 i + 3 j + 6k
−
→
−−−−−−− − −−
|a| = √4 + 9 + 36 = √49 = 7

ˆ ˆ ˆ
2 i +3 j +6k
Now unit vector â = 7

2 ˆ 3 ˆ 6 ˆ
â = i + j + k
7 7 7

11 / 11