Java Arrays

An array is a collection of similar types of data.

For example, if we want to store the names of 100 people then we

can create an array of the string type that can store 100 names.

String[] array = new String[100];

Here, the above array cannot store more than 100 names. The
number of values in a Java array is always fixed.

How to declare an array in Java?

In Java, here is how we can declare an array.

dataType[] arrayName;

dataType - it can be primitive data types (/java-

:
 programming/variables-primitive-data-types#data-types) like
int , char , double , byte , etc. or Java objects (/java-
programming/class-objects)

arrayName - it is an identifier (/java-programming/keywords-

identifiers#identifiers)

For example,

double[] data;

Here, data is an array that can hold values of type double .

But, how many elements can array this hold?

Good question! To define the number of elements that an array can

hold, we have to allocate memory for the array in Java. For
example,

// declare an array
double[] data;

// allocate memory
data = new double[10];

Here, the array can store 10 elements. We can also say that the
size or length of the array is 10.

In Java, we can declare and allocate the memory of an array in

one single statement. For example,

double[] data = new double[10];

:
 How to Initialize Arrays in Java?
In Java, we can initialize arrays during declaration. For example,

//declare and initialize and array

int[] age = {12, 4, 5, 2, 5};

Here, we have created an array named age and initialized it with

the values inside the curly brackets.

Note that we have not provided the size of the array. In this case,
the Java compiler automatically specifies the size by counting the
number of elements in the array (i.e. 5).

In the Java array, each memory location is associated with a

number. The number is known as an array index. We can also
initialize arrays in Java, using the index number. For example,

// declare an array
int[] age = new int[5];

// initialize array
age[0] = 12;
age[1] = 4;
age[2] = 5;
..
:
 Java Arrays initialization

Note:

Array indices always start from 0. That is, the first element
of an array is at index 0.

If the size of an array is n , then the last element of the

array will be at index n-1 .

How to Access Elements of an Array in

Java?

We can access the element of an array using the index number.

Here is the syntax for accessing elements of an array,
:
 // access array elements
array[index]

Let's see an example of accessing array elements using index

numbers.

Example: Access Array Elements

class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {

// create an array
int[] age = {12, 4, 5, 2, 5};

// access each array elements

System.out.println("Accessing Elements of Array:");
System.out.println("First Element: " + age[0]);
System.out.println("Second Element: " + age[1]);
System.out.println("Third Element: " + age[2]);
System.out.println("Fourth Element: " + age[3]);
System.out.println("Fifth Element: " + age[4]);
}
}

Run Code (/java-programming/online-compiler)

Output

Accessing Elements of Array:

First Element: 12
Second Element: 4
Third Element: 5
Fourth Element: 2
Fifth Element: 5
:
 In the above example, notice that we are using the index number to
access each element of the array.

We can use loops to access all the elements of the array at once.

Looping Through Array Elements

In Java, we can also loop through each element of the array. For
example,

Example: Using For Loop

class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {

// create an array
int[] age = {12, 4, 5};

// loop through the array

// using for loop
System.out.println("Using for Loop:");
for(int i = 0; i < age.length; i++) {
System.out.println(age[i]);
}
}
}

Run Code (/java-programming/online-compiler)

Output
:
 Using for Loop:
12
4
5

In the above example, we are using the for Loop in Java (/java-
programming/for-loop) to iterate through each element of the
array. Notice the expression inside the loop,

age.length

Here, we are using the length property of the array to get the size
of the array.

We can also use the for-each loop (/java-programming/enhanced-

for-loop) to iterate through the elements of an array. For example,

Example: Using the for-each Loop

class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {

// create an array
int[] age = {12, 4, 5};

// loop through the array

// using for loop
System.out.println("Using for-each Loop:");
for(int a : age) {
System.out.println(a);
}
}
}
:
 Run Code (/java-programming/online-compiler)

Output

Using for-each Loop:

12
4
5

Example: Compute Sum and Average of

Array Elements
:
 class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {

int[] numbers = {2, -9, 0, 5, 12, -25, 22, 9, 8, 12};

int sum = 0;
Double average;

// access all elements using for each loop

// add each element in sum
for (int number: numbers) {
sum += number;
}

// get the total number of elements

int arrayLength = numbers.length;

// calculate the average

// convert the average from int to double
average = ((double)sum / (double)arrayLength);

System.out.println("Sum = " + sum);

System.out.println("Average
Learn to = " + average);
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Sum = 36
Average = 3.6

In the above example, we have created an array of named

numbers . We have used the for...each loop to access each
element of the array.
:
 Inside the loop, we are calculating the sum of each element. Notice
the line,

int arrayLength = number.length;

Here, we are using the length a!ribute

(h!p://stackoverflow.com/questions/8755812/array-length-in-
java) of the array to calculate the size of the array. We then
calculate the average using:

average = ((double)sum / (double)arrayLength);

As you can see, we are converting the int value into double . This
is called type casting in Java. To learn more about typecasting,
visit Java Type Casting (/java-programming/typecasting).

Multidimensional Arrays
Arrays we have mentioned till now are called one-dimensional
arrays. However, we can declare multidimensional arrays in Java.

A multidimensional array is an array of arrays. That is, each

element of a multidimensional array is an array itself. For example,

double[][] matrix = {{1.2, 4.3, 4.0},

{4.1, -1.1}
};
:
 Here, we have created a multidimensional array named matrix. It is
a 2-dimensional array. To learn more, visit the Java
multidimensional array (/java-programming/multidimensional-
array).

Also Read:

Java Copy Array (/java-programming/copy-arrays)

Java Program to Print an Array (/java-

programming/examples/print-array)

Java Program to Concatenate two Arrays (/java-

programming/examples/concatenate-two-arrays)

Java ArrayList to Array and Array to ArrayList (/java-

programming/examples/convert-list-array)

Java Dynamic Array (/java-programming/arraylist)

:
 Before we wrap up, let’s put your knowledge of Java Array (With
Examples) to the test! Can you solve the following challenge?

Challenge:

Write a function to calculate the average of an array of

numbers.
Return the average of all numbers in the array arr with the size
arrSize .
For example, if arr[] = {10, 20, 30, 40} and arrSize = 4 , the
expected output is 25.

1 public class Solution {

2 public static double calculateAverage(int[] arr, int arrSize) {
3
4 }
5 }

Check Code
:
 Next Tutorial: (/java-
Java Multidimensional programming/multidimensional-
Arrays array)

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Java switch Statement

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