8 8051 Programmingin C

Syllabus
Data types in 8057C, programming for time delay, VO
in 8051 C, Control statements and programming in 8051 C, Logic operations
loops in embeddedC,
Data conversion programs in 8051C, Accessing code Functions and Arrays in embedded C,
using 8051 C. ROM space using 8051C, Data serialization

Contents
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Data Types in 8051 C Summer-16,18,19, Marks 7
Winter-13,17,
Summer-16, 17, 18, 19, . Marks 7
8.3 Time Delays in 8051 C
8.4 VO Programming in 8051 C
Winter-18, Marks 6
8.5 Logical Operations in 8051 C
8.6 Data Conversion Programs in 8051 C
Summer-12, Marks 7
8.7 Accessing Code ROM Space
8.8 Data Serialization using 8051 C
8.9 More Examples Winter-11,
Summer-12, 14, 18, 19, "Marks 7

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Microprocessors and Microcontrollere 8-3 8051 Programming in C

signed short 16 2 -32768 to +32767

unsigned short 16 2 0to 65535
signed int 16 -32768 to +32767

unsigned int 16 2 0 to 65535

signed long 32 4 - 2147483648 to 2147483647

unsigned long 32 4 0to 4294967295

float 32 t 1.175494E-38 to ± 3.402823E+38

sbit 1 0 to l

sfr 8 0to 255

sfr16 16 2 0 to 65535

Table 8.2.1 Data types

8.2.1 Using the Appropriate Data Type

for the 8051 is limited to 64
It is necessary to keep in mind that the code space
necessary to look at the size of the
kbytes and it has limited on-chip ROM. Thus, it is appropriate
created hex file. One way to keep the size of data file optimum is to use
considered while selecting the data type.
data type. The following points must be value
data type. Thus, it must be used to store the
The unsigned char is an 8-bit
8051 is an 8-bit microcontroller, it is one
in the range of 0-255 (00-FFH). Since the
of the most widely used data type.
is no need for signed data.
" Use unsigned data type when there use
uses the signed data type as the default. Thus when we want to
Ccompiler
keyword.
unsigned data type, we must use unsigned use to
used to access bit addressable registers. It allows
" S bit data type should be
access single bits of the SFR registers.
registers.
to access the byte size SFR
SFR data type should be used

B2.2 Example Programs values from 00-FFH to port

Write an 8051 C program to send binary counter
e Þ.2.1
P1.

Solution:
#include <reg51.b>
void main(void)
knowledge
GAL PUBLICATIONS An up thrust for
 c
in
PI rport
Programming 1 58H, and
0 to
of 43H, PO
characters 15
8051 42H, port and
12
ASCII 41H, of
bitg values
33H, the vice-versa.
for
values 321, all of
sum
and
hex 30H, toggle
31H,
mychar(]="0123ABCXYZ;
char
unsigned */ */
the
00 continuously
in
send data */ send
to = PO
/
8-4 some some
to program indicates to
program values
displays FPH,
for for program
repeat */ hex
/ /time) time]
//*
= (wait (wait
c++)
c<=255;
for(c=0; c++)
c<=10;
for(c=0; C PO [OX
Microcontrollers
and
Microprocessors C 8051 when /* /* C
8051 / J
c;char
unsigned c;char
unsigned 8051numbers).
andZ. P1=mychar
[cl:
Program
: an that
an P0=0x00
P1=0xFF P0=0xFF an
WriteY <reg51.h>
#nclude P1. Writesuch Pl=0x00
P1=c;
$******
<reg51.b> Write
X, (void)
main
void
port continuouslyvold for(;:) NOPNOP NOPNOP signed
main(void)
8.2.2 C, Comment
on 8.2.3 8.2.4
B, }
A, Solution:
Example 5AHExample Solution
#include of
(Use
Example
3, and
MicroproCeSsors and Microcontrollers 8-5
8051 Programming in C

Solution:
#include <ng51.h>
vold maln(void)

igned char i, j:
i= -12;
j= 15;
P1 = i+ j;

Example 8.2.5 Write an 8051 C program to toggle bit 0 of the port P1 (P1.0) 20,000 times.
Solution:
#include <reg51.b>
sbit PORTBIT = P1^0: /* sbit is declared outside of main function */
void mairn(void)

unsigned int i;
for(i = 0; i<=20000; i+ +)

PORTBIT = 0;
PORTBIT = 1;

Comment : P1^0 represents bit 0 of port 1.

to find number of posittve and
Example 8.2.6 Write an EmbeddedC progtam for 8051
among five byte of aray. Send number of positive data to port P1 and
negative data GTU :Winter- 13, Marks 7
negative data to port P2.
Solution :
# include <reg51.h>
void main (void)
5A,0xF0,0x 80, 0x 12 }
unsigned char data [ ] = {0x 18,0x
unsigned char i, val ;
for (i = 0; 1<5; it+)
{
val = data [i];
val = val & 0x 80;
if (val 0)
P1 = data (i];

P2 = data [i]:

up thrust for knowledge

AL PUBLICA TIONS-An
 8051
Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 8-6
Programming in C
Review Questions

compiler.
1. State the data types that are available in typical 8051 C
2. State the commonly used data type for 8051 C programming.
the data type.
3. State the points that must be considered while selecting
What are the data types availabl. :
4. Why C programming is preferred to assembly programming ? GTU : Summer-16, Marks 7
C?
GTU :Summer-17,
5. Mention the data types in C programming languages for 8051.
Marks 3
GTU : Winter-17,Summer-18, 19, Marks A
6. Write data types available in embedded C.

8.3 Time Delays in 8051 C

We can create time delay in 8051 Cby two ways :
Using for loop statement
Using the 8051 timers
We cannot get the exact delays using simple for loops because of following reasons :
1. The instruction execution speed varies according to the number of clock periods
per machine cycle. The different variants of 8051 microcontroller use different clock
periods per machine cycle.
2. The crystal frequency connected to the Xj -X input pins. The duration of the
clock period for the machine cycle is a function of this crystal frequency.
3.In case of C programs, it is the C compiler that converts the C statements and
functions to assembly language instructions. As a result different compilers
produce different code and hence instructions executed in a loop may vary witn
different compilers.
Example 8.3.1 Write an 8051 Cprogram totoggle bits of port 1 to turn OFF and ON LEUS
connected to the port,
Solution:
#nclude <reg51.h>
Repeat the
void DELAY(void); statements in the loop indefinitely
vold main(void)

forl:)

P1=0xFF /Turn ALL LEDs ON /

DELAY() /Wait for some time*/
P1=0x00 /Tum all LEDs OFF"/
TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS - An up thrust for
 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 8-7 8051 Programming in C

DELAY() /*Wait for some time*/

void DELAY (vold)

{
unsigned char i,j:
for(i=0; i<=255; i=i+1)
{
for(j=0; j<=255; j=j+1)
{

}
Comment : Here we don't know the exact delay produced by the
However, if we see the equivalent assembly language delay loop.
program
calculate exact delay by calculating the delay produced by loop given below, we can
crystal frequency and microcontroller used. instructions with given
Equlvalent assembly language program
ORG O
SJMP MAIN
ORG 30H
MAIN: MOVP1, #0FFH
CALL DELAY
MOV P1, #00H
CALL DELAY
SJMP MAIN
END

DELAY: MOVR0, #00H

LOOP1: MOV R1, #00H
LOOP2: INC R1
CJNE R1, #255, LOOP2
INC RO
CJNE RO, #255, LOOP1
RET
When we use functions like DELAY in the above Cprogram we need to
know the
following points :
Before the main function, the declaration :
void DELAY (void)
Informs the compiler that there will be a function called DELAY, requiring no
parameters and returns no parameters. This is called 'function prototype'. Every
function in a C program must be declared as above.
The functions are normally defined immediately after the main program ends as
above. The first line of the function declaration must be exactly the same as its
function prototype otherwise, the compiler will generate an error message during
TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS - An up thrust for knowledge
 DELAY(vold)
vold DELAY(void);
main(void) #include
void<reg51.h>
voldSolution: Example
Microprocessors
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Functions
requires To
function The used
function function.
8.3.2 DELAY(): use compilation
i<=255;
for(i=0;
i=i+1)
unsigned do
N=0; char N; name
: j<=265;
for(j=0:
j=j+1) whlle(N<10); } { unigned the within
N=N+1; Pl=0x00;
DELAY(); P1=0xFF;
DELAY(); Write less name is
make furnction, of An
space implemented. the
char an may a function,
open
s 8051 programs function function process.
i, in
j; /* /* / /
the not curly
C the
Wait Tum Wait Tum name have
progTam
memory The are A
the to must bracket
for all for all spaces, t function
se be of
some LEDs some LEDs to the follow function hen
to
and 8-8
of time OFF time ON flash shorter function or declaredmarks
therefore is
/ LEDs any the ends
/ */ / and defined
the
punctuation. rules in
is
. 10
readable. used with the
beginning
tmes. better tor anext in
as the closed the
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Afollows name of
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hart
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LEDs
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program variable. as
End Is Wait Wait N=0 Start body
Yes as th
shown variables,
alee The of in
the c
 #define
main(void)
<reg51.b>LEDSolution:
P2
void#include Question
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LOOP1:
Example better type 8.4.1 84 DELAY: MicroprocOSSOrs
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LED=0;
} for(::)
LED++; Programming RETCJNE INCCJNE R1
RO INC#00FH
MOVR1,#00H
MOVRO, ENDCJNE DELAY CALL
#0FFH
MOVP1,
from the INC CALL
A DELAY
#00H
MOVP1, MOV#00 A,
Eight to Size factors ORG
3OHGssembly
START
SJMP ORG 0
0
commnicate RO, R1, A,
/* to
LEDs ports VO #10,
L of that #255, #255,
define FFH
/*increment P2
continuously
/*repeat
*/ /clear/ the can MAIN language
are P0-P3 LOOP1 LOOP2
(0000 program.
This is
P2 in afect
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connected
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LED
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Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 8- 10
9051
Example 8.4.2 Write an 8051C program to get a byte of data from
Programming in
Pl and then
C

P2.
send it to

Solution:
#include <regb1.h>
#defne INP P1
#defne OUTP P2
void main(void)

unigned char mybyte;

INP=0xFF: /*Configure port P1 as an input port /
while(1)

mybyte = INP; /*read a byte from P1 */

OUTP = mybyte; /*send it to P2 */

Example 8.4.3 Write an 8051 C program toreada byte of data from P0. ft is less than 50,
send it to Pl, otherwise, send it to P2.
Solution :
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
unsigned char mybyte
P0=0xFF ; /* Configure port PO as an input port /
mybyte=P0; /* read a byte from PO */
if(mybyte<50)
P1=mybyte; / send it to P1 if less than 50*/
else
P2=mybyte; / send it to P2 if more than 50*/

8.4.2 Bit-Addressable /O Programming

The I/O ports of PO-P3 are also bit-addressable. We can access a single bit without
disturbing the rest of the port. We use the sbit data type to access a single bit of PO-P3.
One way to do that is to use the Pi ^j format where i is the port 0, 1, 2 or 3 and j is
the bit 0-7 of that port. For example, PO ^ 3 indicates PO.3. This is illustrated n
following examples.
Example 8.4.4 Write an 8051 Cprogram to toggle only bit PO.5 continuously.

TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS - An up thrust for knowledge

 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 8- 11 8051 Programming in C

Solution:
toggling an individual bit */
nclude <reg51.h>
sbit portbit = P0^5; /*declaration of single bit is using sbit/
void main(void)

while(1)

portbit=1; /* turm on P0.5 */

portbit=0; /* turn off PO.5 */

Example 8.4.5 Write an 8051 Cprogram to monitor bit P1.5. If it is high,

send 00H to PO;
otherwise, send OOH to P2.
Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
sbit portbit = P0^5; /* declaration of single bit using sbit */
void main(void)

portbit=1; /* configure mybit an input */

if(portbit==1)
P1=0x00;
else
P2=0xFF;

Example 8.4.6 Write an 8051 C program to send a given message, My program" on the
LCD connected to PO. Every time to latch the data into the LCD, it is
necessary to make
its enable (En) pin from high t0 00
Solution:
#incude <reg51.b>
#define LCD Data PO
sbit En=P1^0;
void main(void)

unsigned char message |]="My program";

unigned char C;
for(C=0; C<10; C++) / send 10 characters "/

LCD Data = message [cl:

 B051 Programming inc
En=1; / Make En high /
En=0; /° Make En Low /

8.4.3 Accessing SFR Addresses 80-FFH

We can also access the SFR RAM space 80-FFH by using the sfr data type.
illustrated in example 8.14. Furthermore, we can also access a single bit of any SFR if is This
specify the bit address. It is important to note that, here, programmer has to kno. we
corresponding addresses and there is no need to have #include <reg51.h> statement in
the program.
Example 8.4.7 Write an 8051 C program to toggle all the bits of PO and P2 continuoueh
with a some delay. Use the sfr keyword to decare the port addresses.
Solution:
/ Accessing ports as SFRs using the sft data type "/
t PO = 0x80; / declaration of PO using sfr data type */
GP2 = 0xA0; / declaration of P2using sfr data type */
void Delay (undgned nt):
void main(void)
{
while(1) /* read it continuously */

PO=0x55;
P2=0x55;
Delay(250); /* delay */
PO=0xAA;
P2=0xAA;
Delay(250);

vold Delay (unsigned int count)

unslgned int i, j:
for (i=0; Í<count; 1++)
for (j=0: j<1200; j++)

}
Example 8.4.8 Write an 8051 C program to turm bit PO.5 on and off 10,000 times.
Winter-18. Marks 6
GTU :

lodae
 MicroprDceSSors and Microcontrolers 8-13 8051 Programming in C
Solution :
sbit PORTBIT = 0x85; /*
another way to declare bit P0^6 */
vold main(vold)
{
unsigned int i;
for(i=0; i<10000; i++)
{
PORTBIT=1;
PORTBIT=0;

8.4.4 Using Bit Data Type for

Bit-Addressable RAM
We can use sbit data type with only bit
addressable SFR
addressable section of the data RAM space 20-2FH, we can useregisters. To access bit
bit data type. This is
illustrated in example 8.4.9.
Example 8.4.9 Write an 8051 C program to get the status of bit PO.0,
send it to P1.5 continuously.
complement it and
Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
sbit inbit = PO^0:
sbit outbit = P1^5;
bit tempbit;
void main(void)

while(1)
{
tempbit=inbit; /* read a bit from PO.0 */
if(tempbit==1)/* complement the bit */
tempbit=0;
else
tempbit=1;
outbit=tempbit; /*send it to P1.5 /
}

85 Logical Operations in 8051 C

is monitoring
one of the most frequent operations required in embedded applications
a single or a group of bits of a port, checking the status of a bit and controlling an
operations such as
external device connected to a bit of an output port. Callows logical
and right. The Table 10.2
AND, OR, Exclusive-OR as well as shifting a byte to the left
shown below provides the syntax for such operations.
TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS -An up thrust for knowledge
 MicroprOCessors
Microcontrolers
and
vold main(void)
unsigned
void char C; <reg51.h>
sbitP0^0; void Solution :
S0=sbit#include Example
DELAY LED DELAY monitors
ORAND NOT
=
Shift Shift EX-OR
r for do P1^0;
8.5.1 Operation
founslgned { forwhile { SO
1;= (unigned switch left right
(j=0; (i=0; LED=LED;
(unsignedDELAY(1500);
(c=0; ToTable by
(S0 by
j<1200: SO
illustrate n-bits n-bits
i<count; int c<20; == /*
int int); and 8.5.1
LED
i,j: 0); /*
count) c++) when Examples
* * /* is
switch some
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Configure connected assembly In
/*
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whether
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LED port fashesabove
ten SOan to operations
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times pressed
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<reg61.h>
Hnclude
a P2^0:
= (j=0;
(i=0; Write delay. (unlgnedPO=x55;
#ncude
<eg61.h> P2=0x665;
In can P1 whlle(1)
8.5.2 to (vold)
main
vold
We = = for for some vold
main
(vold)
is rogram DELAY Wsensor
Dsensor 8.5.3
sensor siren. Solution:
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} DELAY
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void Solution :
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void bit sbit sbtt Solution :
<reg51.h>
#include Exampl
it
e
character outbit inbit Delay(unsigned
=
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while(1) P1^5;P0^0;
forunigned
for init,j:
outbit=tempbit;
to tempbit=inbit; (j=0; (i=0; Delay(250);:
PO Write
bit-addressable/*tis
according j<1200;
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8051 8051 count)
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8.5.2
of to a declare to 8-16
bits read it bit
and get
1
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send port
bit
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send send send send the and to */ and
following P1.5
Action bits"/
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*/
to to to to
PO PO PO PO bits it
Table to
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There O.6 Microprocessors
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&
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Conversion case(3): } case(2): } case
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and
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voidSolution:
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can thconvert
Example 8.6.1
en To packed combined ToUnpacked Packed ASCII
and
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converted K2K1 unlgned
P1 K1 unsigned BCD 8.6.2 36H, convert
to ASCIl BCD 0011 :
= = = =
eachpacked K1K1 K2K1 and Write respectively. make ASCII to BCD
BCD >> &&
: 0001
K2; Ox0F; Ox0F; char char display an : 0001
toBCD BCD to to 4; binary
ASCI inASCIHEX in packed Packed to 0000
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with ASCIl /Apply
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0110
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converted
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upperBCD"/BCD"/ of
two unpacked
5
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unpacked "7 3 keyboard BCD,
packed
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and ning
inG
6
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 equivalent.ASCl and keep 8.6.3 main(void)
<reg51.h>
ncude
void Solution : Evample Microcontrollers
MiouprooeSSorsand
last the One the
10 10) 12310) remainder
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120 - Assume: Hex P2
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gives char char 805Ian
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8051C
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10
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in
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 Microprocessors
Microcontrollersand
Algorithm
(vold)
matn
voldSolution:
<rogQ1.b>
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main
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Example 4. Divide
2. the 1.
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digits
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i=0;0XFB; unigned
unsigned
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char
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on P0=R[i-1]+0x30; i=
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Summer-12,decimal to to Programming
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 (vold)
man sbitSolution:
vold <regb1.b>
sbit#include Note : Microprocessors
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8051C.
in example,
code For the To 8.7.2
Example 2. : 3.
ALSBoutbit first.
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8051, undoned far, 8051/8052 allocate The In Array
us WeWe moves
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However,
ACCoutbit
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transfer Serialization
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ACC> hexnum[]="0123456789ABCDEF";
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to 8-22
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see /*use instead
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TECHNIC
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and
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Solution: AMSB first =
outbit = AMSB
Solution:
Example Example inbit
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cbitsbit sbtsbit
{
MicroproDCeSsors and Microcontrollers 8-24 8U51
Programming in c
ACC = ACC>>1;

P2.0 A7 A_ As As Ag Ag Aq Ao
Register ACC
Example 8.8.4 Write an 8051 C program to receive byte serially one bit at a time via PTn
The first bit is MSB.
Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
sbit inbit = P2^0;
sbit ALSB = ACC^0;
void main (vold)

unsigned char i;
for (i=0; i<8; i++)

ALSB = inbit;
ACC = ACC<<1;

Ay As As A4 Ag Ag A4 Ao P2.0

Register ACC
Review Question

1. Explain the process of data

serialization using 8051C.
8.9 More Examples GTU : Winter-11, Summer-12,14, 18,19
Example 8.9.1 There are 8 push button switches interfaced to port 0 of an lntel 8051
microcontroller. Write a program to read the state of the suvitches and operate the L
connected to port 1 accordingy. For example, if switch S0 is pressed,
S2 ana S3 are pressea, then LED Z an4 3
turns LEDO
*****E must turn ON and so on. **
 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 8- 25 8051 Programming n C

Solution :

Start

Read the state of

the switches

Operates the
LEDS

#include <rog51.h>
void mairn(void)

for(;:)

P1=PO;
}
}
The same program may also be written as follows :
#include <reg51.h>
#define SWITCHESPO
#define LEDS P1
void maln (vold)

for(;:)
{
LEDS = SWITCHES;

Comypare the following programs and discuss the advantages and disadvantages
CAample 8.9.2
of each one.

1)
#include <reg51.h>
void main(void)
{
P1="W;
P1=E;
knowledge
NICAL PUBLICATIONS An up thrust for
 8051
Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 8- 26
Programming in C
P1=L;
PlC;
Pl=0;
P1M;
Pl=E;

2)
#include <reg1.h>
void main (void)

unigned char str (] WELCOME;

unsigned char i;
fori=0; i<7;it+)
P1=str{ij;

3)
ncude <reg51.h>
void main (void)
Notice keyword code1
code unstgned char strilWELCOME;
unigned char i
for (i=0; i<7; i++)
Pl=stri;

Solution : All the programs send message "WELCOME'" to port Pl, one character at a
time, but they do it in different ways. In the first program separate statements are
written to send each character to port P1. Thus, if we want to change the characters or
message, the whole program will change. It also mixes the code and data together. The
second program uses array to store message in the RAM data space. It has a imitaton
of array size. The third program also uses array to store message; but it uses code aaa
space. This allows the size of the array to be as long as on-chip ROM. However, ir
important to note that, the more code space we use for data, the less space is left for ou
program code. We can easily modify the contents of string in the program 2 a
program 3. That is not the case for program 1.
Example 8.9.3 4) Find the checksum byte for the hexadecimal data : 18H. 5AH, 46H a
69H. b) Perform the checksum to ensure data integrity. c) With an example show hou
7
checksum detects the error, GTU : Summer- |14, Winter- 11, Marks
is stored
Solution : To ensure the data integrity of the ROM contents, one extra bytecalculated by
the end of a series of data bytes called checksum byte. This byte is
performing two operations :
MicroproceSsors and Microcontrollers 8-27
8051 Programming inC

" Add all data bytes without considering carry.

Take 2's complement of the resulted sum.
a) Let us find the checksum byte
18H + 5AH + 46H + 69H - 121H

Ignoring carry we have sum = 21H. Taking 2's complement we have checksum
byte = DFH.
b) To ensure data integrity all the bytes including checksum byte are added.
Ignoring the carry if sum is 00H then the data integrity is ensured. Let us
check this
18H + 5AH + 46H + 69H + DFH = 200H
Ignoring carries we have sum equal to zero and therefore, we can say that data
is valid and not corrupted.
c) Let us consider that the last of data is corrupted arnd it is now 68H instead of
69H. By adding all byte with checksum byte we get,
18H + 5AH + 46H + 68H + DFH = 1FFH
say that data is
Ignoring carry in the sum, result is not zero and hence we can
corrupted.
Example 8.9.4 Write an 8051 C program to calculate checksum byte for the given data of four
GTU :Summer-14, Marks 7
bytes.
Solution:
#incude <reg51.h>
void main (void)
{0X18,0X5A,0K46,0K69)};
unsigned char data[] =
unigned char sum=0;
unsigned char chksumbyte,i;
for(i=0; i<4; i++)
{ as byte
/* since sum is declared
Sum =sum + data[i);
data type, carries are ignored
automatically /

2s complement
chksumbyte = ~ sum+1; Take

perform data integrity check for data given in

program to
Example 8.9.5 Write an 8051 C character V (valid) on port Pl; otherwise
send ASCIl
example. If data is not corrupted,
Send 'C' (corrupted) on port PI. knowledge
An up thrust for
TECHNICAL PUBLICATIOWS-
Solution :
#include <reg51,h>
vold main (vold)

unsigned char data|] ={0X18,0X6A,0X46,0X69,0XDF};

unslgned char chksum=0;
unsigned char i;
for(i=0; i<5; it+)
chksum=chksum+data[i];

if(chksum==0)
P1=V:
else
P1=C;

Example 8.9.6 Write an 8051 Cprogram to toggle all the bitsof Pl, P2 and POcontinuously
with a 250 ms delay. Use SFR keyword to declare the port addresses.
GTU :Summer-18,19, Marks 7

Solution:
#include reg51.h>
void Delay (void):
void main (void)
{ while (1) /* Repeat continuously "/
{
P0=0 x 55: /* toggle all bits of PO */
p1=0x 55; /* toggle all bits of P1 */
P2=0 x 55; /* toggle all bits of P2 *
Delay (250); /* wait for 250 ms */
PO=0 x AA; / toggle all bits of PO */
P1=0x AA; /* toggle all bits of P1 */
P2=0 x AA; /* toggle all bits of P2 */
Delay (250) * wait for 250 ms */

void Delay (unsigned int count)

unsigned int i,j:

for (i=0; i < count ; i++)
for (j=0; j< 1275; j++);
 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 8- 29 8051 Programming inC

Example 8.9.7 A stwitch (SW) is connected to P2.0 port pin, Write a C program to send out
the value 44H serially one-bit at a time via P1.0, depending upon the switch conattto :
When SW 0; LSB should g0 out frst, When SW 1; MSB should go out first.
Solution: Switch (SW) connected to P2.0 port pin P2.0 = 0 send serially value 44 by LSB
via P1.0 when P2.0=1 then send serially value 44 by MSB via P1.0

sbit s0 = P2^0; /* Switch is connected to port P2.0 pin */

sbit outbit = P1^0: /*send data value via P1.0*/
sbit ALSB = ACC ^0:
sblt AMSB = ACC ^7;
void main(void)

unsigned char Datavalue = Ox44;

unsigned char
ACC = Datavalue;
if(S0= =0) /* if SW = 0send LSB first */

for (i=0, i<8; i++)

outbit ALSB;
ACC = ACC>>1;

}
else /*else switch = 1send MSB irst */

for(i=0; i<8; i++)

outbit =AMSB:
ACC = ACC<<1;

Example 8.9.8 Write a Cprogram to toggle al bits of PO and P2 continuously with 250
msec delay. Use inverting operator, GTU : Summer- 12, Marks 7

Solution:
#include <reg51.h>
vold MSDelay (unslgned int);

TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS - An up thrust for knowledge

MicroproceSSors and Microcontrollers
amming inG
vold main (vold)

PO = Ox55:
P2 = Ox55;
whlle (1)

PO = ~PO;
P2 = ~P2;
MSDelay (250);

void MSDelay (unsigned int count)

unsigned int i, j:
for (i = 0; i< count; i++)
for (j = 0; j < 1275; j++)

Example 8.9.9 Write a 8051 C-program to converta given het-data OFE mto its equtalent
decimal data and displaytheresultdigits on PO, PM and P2.
Solution:
#inchude<reg51.h>
void main(void)

unsigned char x, binbyte, d1, d2, d3;

binbyte = 0xFF;
x=binbyte/10;
d1=binbyte%10;
d2 = x%10;
d3 = x/10;
P0=d1;
P1=d2;
P2=d3;

Review Question

1. What is checksum byte ? How is it useful for checking data

integrity ?
O00

TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS - An up thrust for

knowledge