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    Chap 25

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    irtizaali063
    The document provides an overview of capacitors, including their definition, capacitance formula, and the effects of series and parallel configurations. It also discusses energy stored in electric fields, the influence of dielectrics, and basic concepts of electric current and Ohm's Law. Key formulas and units related to capacitance and current are presented throughout the text.

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    Chap 25

    Uploaded by

    irtizaali063
    2 views31 pages
    The document provides an overview of capacitors, including their definition, capacitance formula, and the effects of series and parallel configurations. It also discusses energy stored in electric fields, the influence of dielectrics, and basic concepts of electric current and Ohm's Law. Key formulas and units related to capacitance and current are presented throughout the text.

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    The document provides an overview of capacitors, including their definition, capacitance formula, and the effects of series and parallel configurations. It also discusses energy stored in electric fields, the influence of dielectrics, and basic concepts of electric current and Ohm's Law. Key formulas and units related to capacitance and current are presented throughout the text.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2 views31 pages

    Chap 25

    Uploaded by

    irtizaali063
    The document provides an overview of capacitors, including their definition, capacitance formula, and the effects of series and parallel configurations. It also discusses energy stored in electric fields, the influence of dielectrics, and basic concepts of electric current and Ohm's Law. Key formulas and units related to capacitance and current are presented throughout the text.

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    Physics

    Capacitors and Current


    CAPACITANCE

    +q −q

    Two conductors isolated from one another


    and from their surroundings, form a
    capacitor
    charge  potential difference
    Q V
    Q = CV
    CAPACITANCE
    Q
    C=
    V
    Parallel-Plate Capacitor

    Gaussian
    surface
    + + + + + + + + +
    +q
    d
    −q
    − − − − − − − − −
    GAUSS’S LAW

       E  dA
    qenclosed
    =
    0
    + + + + + +

     =  E  dA
    = EA
    Q
    = (Gauss's Law)
    0
    Q
    E=
    0 A
    V = Ed
    Q
    V= d
    0 A
    Q A
    C = = 0
    V d
    Any arrangement with two plates can
    form a capacitor: cylindrical or spherical.

    The capacitance depends on geometry


    UNITS AND SIZES FOR CAPACITANCES

    coulomb
    1 farad = 1
    volt

    −6
    1 microfarad = 10 farad
    1 nanofarad = 10−9 farad
    1 picofarad = 10−12 farad
    How big is 1 Farad?
    Choose d = 1mm
    A
    C = 0
    d
    Calculate area,
    Cd
    A=
    0
    1F  0.001m
    A= −12
    = 1.110 m
    8 2

    8.85 10
    PLEASE ANIMATE

    Filling a tank Emptying a tank

    pump
    Capacitors in Parallel

    C1
    C2

    Ceq
    For each capacitor,
    q1 = C1V , q2 = C2V
    Where V is the potential
    between terminals a and b
    q = q1 + q2
    CeqV = C1V + C2V
     Ceq = C1 + C2
    Ceq =  Cn ( For n capacitors )
    Capacitors in Series

    C1 C2

    V1 V2
    Ceq
    q q
    V1 = , V2 =
    C1 C2
    V = V1 + V2
    q q q
    = +
    Ceq C1 C2
    1 1 1
     = +
    Ceq C1 C2
    1 1
    = ( For n capacitors )
    Ceq Cn
    ENERGY STORED IN ELECTRIC FIELD

    q
    dU = Vdq = dq
    C
    Q
    q
    U =  dU =  dq
    0
    C
    2
    Q
    U=
    2C
    1
    U = CV 2

    2
    1 2
    CV
    U 2
    u= =
    Ad Ad
    0 A
    C=
    d
    0  V 
    2
    1
    u =   = 0E 2

    2 d 2
    Coulomb’s Law With Dielectrics
    1 q1q2
    F=
    4 0 r r 2

     r = relative permittivity
    1 q
    Emedium =
    4 0 r r 2

    Evacuum
    Emedium =
    r
    Distortion of
    electron
    orbital paths
    due to
    electrostatic
    force
    Distortion of electron orbits in a dielectric
    Electric field decreases in dielectrics due to polarization
    - -

    Parallel Plate Capacitor With Dielectric


    decrease
    in the
    electric
    field
    ELECTRIC CURRENT

    j
    A
    vd
    Electron flow

    Conventional current
    Device

    + −
    dq
    i=
    dt
    constant current: q = i  t
    else: q =  idt
    CURRENT: UNITS AND SIZES

    1 coulomb
    1 ampere =
    second
    −3
    1 milliampere = 1 ma = 10 A
    1 microampere = 1  A = 10 A−6

    −9
    1 nanoampere = 1 nA = 10 A
    −12
    1 picoampere = 1 pA = 10 A
    i1 = i2 + i3
    i2
    i1

    i3
    OHM’S LAW

    i ( mA)

    i
    R=
    V

    V = iR
    V ( volts )
    Resistors

    R
    i i

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