~

~,.._ \. '> - \ ':\_

\\\\' L \ ~

J. (j)
Z. lh) 1·c = 1y_ - !-, \\!11.'rc ~ 1.~ lhc ,~(Irk function .
'I t \ ,·
J . (c) l t,,r I
-1. (c ) ~l.t.S., c1n cri,.t \\ithou t c!1Jrgc. ,. II
I
I

s. (.i) \" = kp ,,.

6. (a)

7. lb) E {,:i e\ ') = ~~(~~~ :. >.. = 12~2'1 ::: 6:! 10 A

8. (c) F = i!JJ sm e
~ = 8 x 0.15 x ½= 0.6 N 'm
9. (b)
10. (a) r .:iram:ign :ti:: m11crill
U . (c) 3U _>5_6U • '2R
9/l
12. (a)
U. (c) H i\hcrlion is true bur RcJson is fal$c.
of A\.~crtio n.
14. (a) IC both A~icr1i, ,n and RcJ\Jn :arc 1ruc and Rc;i_,;l)n i.-. com:cl c,pl:111:ition
(/,) If bo1h Aslctlio n 11nJ R~:>.;o n :arc true but Rcasun h nor th e corrc:cl
c:<pl:1n:i1ion o f
IS.
A\;ertio n
expln natiun o(
16. (h) J( b,Hb Ahc:rlion anJ R.:JSam a rc tr ue uut Rcawn ii 1101 1he corn~"'
Am:rti,r n.
• IOc;,n - IOan +30cm
17. L,

~
M> - - 3() an - --Mot-- S cm-- - 10 Qrn _ ,

,, .• ...!!L
ti ♦/

=- -30>< I~ .. JS rm
- JO+W
lm:igc Conned from firs t lc111 will net ,IS uujec1 for second bus with objc..:r Jis ran..:e
u 2 .. JS - S = 10 cm

_ _ __
_ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ Physics - /2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

(II
 R ,

l \ .•r t~lhl kr.!\ (I ~); 11~ "2 -''. / , • l .'O fill

\· :.r: / , :- ~ ~l) (t;\
3
Or

-~·
l.' I r:- - - - :a
-,:, 1
\'.;: -2 I:, I
l = l+ ~
I ~- II
1 u - 1_ . , _I_
-Ill - ~l"I -1u1
l ~
1♦ Z
JU Zt u l
lul :2 15 cm
\'" -2 x 15 cm • -JO r111
D,:r ... mc 1,r 1,l·Jrd fH;m the miuor " 15 rm
;.,:-,,1 J1:.: .. 1.,c l'{ mi.•1:c fi , in tl.c l;,ilfllr (in rwnt o r it) ""' J O llll.
Ile. In c...•c I, V •• IU, ~1 •.:-, c U ~ !!_
.-t

p (21)
111 ca•(' 11, l • .. IR·, "l,trt /(' :.1
A

/(' ".,,, 2

J.• .,. /(i!U) ,y 1V

l'1,lc 1,ti..l ,l.lfnu,tc ~huuld h.: 1u 1t ,1~ci1111 fuur limn V.
19. ----- •--
- - - - • - - - Gt1•,tfl,(,;l,rl - - - - - - - Co1111uc:1lnn

----
- - -•-
-i
- --

==-~=·.:···J
•-- l :ir.d (/, I
f
0
,. O.l.11 LV
· - - -• _ _ _ _ liun,J (l\:I

--[ ••··· ···· ;· (.,,_"

-.!·u ·· ····•-·•-
0 0 I - 0 .05 cV
r, ·
-
--<,,---- •---
---•-
_ . __ _ Vnlt:n<.e - - - - 0 - 1 . > - V111l!nc;■

- - •- t,oml lC:v) ----~-

- -•- •-
<>- t•11J1II Wd
-n lyJJ•-•·---
1c11ok'~l(,r /> lyp• , 1·rn1cor\\111c..lor
i,t 1111111,.r•tu,■ T > 0 n l ll'IIIJ,'C.•h illllQ I>0

_ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ Physic." - J'l ____ ____ _____

.
I'

/
.. •

- I ,.

l 1

L -.

I ••
.-.

l•
 R1 - .; D. I I A,
(!· ) (;; ,·G \:

.
R. ,,, .~ n.1 . --115 \
.
,.. ., ,,s .. ,) .. (I)

I." ,.. I(• t- , ) ...,,i)

r,.-r hi,.:.-.: !.' ,.. ll <l Q ♦ ,)
r,·: ::-:1 • ,, :
n , -, fi J t· J, t -.-.: •.r , 1l ~ r -=< .i 5 - -' ., ll ~
J + ,,. = ••-~ , _, + C- .v
1J rc •m ( r)l
, - : 11 x
l) = ' \ u th ~ 111.1r,n c t 1c Ou
a-..! E = J , (J ,.
> : ...
•:- i; ,~. tu. 11 51 Jlcn,, 1ds is ,Jc fin cd
-,1 ~: -:c ~r:-..1.an r.•- Ou \, ,r-g in th e fin
:t c,111.
~'. c.: ) :,:~:.;..J -r! l.r. ,t ,., rr ,n t is
, • .l "! :t n th o f cu rr en t
f:;: t :J :..-- i! e ,~ ., nJ
il rc~ i~t s an y d1 .m,&c 111 th e s tre ng
c•·
:i t-J , im :c cf "h ,,h
.1
It l r!:c s: r :i -r.c:-,· be
u:i -c c,,,I ce nt re wi ll
1:, J!.! - , , • ~, e mai_;nc tic fic lJ at 11s
(b ) L:1 I: ~r .c :a fl,, .,. i.1 t!;e !c.:c;-;J cc il o f ra Jiu s R . Th
1= r ) (r~=R
81 •
~/1
~ en ce th e
ns tan t ov er th e first coil of ra di us r. H
cr ic fic!J ll2 1s almos
t co
A 1' -=< R, 1J;c m: ip: c srr.Jll co il will be
d w:rh 1t
r.: .i;.~::1;.; JJux JinJ:c
¢1 ~ 11.,.,,
~ !._1 .h _ ,
:R ..:r
R
A!•u ly t!cfinitions 1
♦ ""' !,f/2.

,\( /2 = µ.;/ :-.rl

M = µ.::rl
2R
Or
Lc..l V. ,. V0 ,in w1
·1 f . di
em f
11 on a ha ck em f is r.c:1 up in lh o m ag ni tude I .. -- . Th e net
Du e lo !.t it induL di
c <.01 tlt
tLu1 . . Le c: I ls no rc sb tn -1 cc ,·n
-/~ -- , which , hould to ze ro as th er e •
will t,e Vo !.I n " "
Jt
qu a
"d ~• .
an I Cu mductan<.e.

c::J
L
V.0 "· " ,.., - di .. 0
/. - -
dt
dl
L-,,; ... V0 lin ,,,,
!ii v.,
or ,.
"' .. - · 1in ,,,,

-----------P
hync-a~IZ
- - - - - - -
I • 10 1in(1111- a ,: - l
or
cu rrc nl.
. ,. .,,lta c I rJ2 ph,1,e Jitfcrencc.
I Vo ii ti c 1..:ak value o[
• hd un d th- ~
h
~. ere, o .. 6lL '"&• g ,y
W e see tha l in a pure
indutt or the cu rre nt
.
m.
Showing in phasor diagra .[i d Ampe e's circuit:11 law 1s

f-B ·d-l ""µollc+e;,d

for the mod i ic r
24. General expression d~,:l1
 V
or d'I = Lo Sl:'I "
. Lll-./
l nt:grati:l; on both sid!s
.
I =
Vo
--COS(;)(
wl
or i = i0 sin {c.;t - -::.'2),
Vo
"' h.:rc, i0 = wL is the pc:ik value of current.
We s;::c thll in a pure inductor the current b;~ b::hir.J the ,·o!tag;:: by r.'2 ph.u;: J ifi.:r::n.:.:
Showing in phasor diagram.
U . Gcn..:ral expri:ssion for the mo,ii:icJ Ampere's circ:.11t ii l.1w i3

fTi •di =: µ0 llc+c d:t 1

0

where le = conduction current :rnj

cl~,.
, 0- - = Id= displaccm.:nt current.
Jt

(i) ln C->nm:cting "'i res, we h:i\'e only conJu:t,.J:i current le .. J = -,!: ( c./}:in:.l ther.: ii no
d1sphc.:mcnt current :is ¢£ = 0. So I, = 0.
(i,) In the region bc~cen th: pl:itcs or c-.1:1J.:i!l)r, t!-1::rc i,s di.;pLl.:.:~.:n1 c~rr.:nt b~t r.o
.:~1:1Ju.:ti.:in currc:r.t 3> (le = 0).
'.lh ;: C: ~(£-t) •C O .!!..(:!...)=
Jt c:"
d-1 .. ,
Jr
.. (r.-...J._)
c:,..-t
" dt " dt
l,1) ,•\ ;1 cl.:.:1r,m is mo,1:1.:; fr'-•::1 1..:fl to ri~ht, its Jir.:.::1.)n in (~) r.:J; r:.: tt.: (;.:!J "'·II t-.: :u
~!;.mn an the J iJhr.lm x x x
1
(i1H:n 1hJ t i • - .: x lU ru.'s. D "" 10 'T.
X
,•:. Qlx10•J 1 x.ix10 1
- ~t
~x
_ _ ,._ - ~ - - - - - - -
\\.: \.:: ' " thJt. , :::J

tj!l 1.5>< 10 lfx l;)· l X X

r a :~.7j X 1\J'l Cl "" 1 :1 ..:::1

r ------
 :ti. (J) \\': 'lnl'•' that\\,, ,\... ,\•r:.:- is c,111; I h1 l"h 11::,~ 1n I l'l,'nl!,1\ cnnr,y d t~~

·•;·r-~:i·
'; t,'nt.

li'""U-U.•U -~
G:,cn: r = u, !.-r AB " RC "" CH .... ID
l.11/l 'i.l• l../,1/~ ~-7dt t i ·l.I, J..,1 :·l •

~
t
\\1:~rc U "" - - - • - - • - - t -- J ,J,, 1 a/2
.I

r -= ,i. : f,;:-1 DH = .H: D

~1•-q o,• ,..,
C
• JI,;,/ C/ L1l - -- - -..i
II = - -a- +a>~:
--+--
i fl-.r i
W
!./ -·
=- +-:,+:: - 4)

,,,
,r - I""'
= -I- ql r..
2 l 1 .,:
- 4 = - ---l'.::.59)
4-:t~ 11 4:u: 0 Cl

(b) r v1c n1i~I us the centre of tr.e ~quarc., is &ivc:n by

V "" VA + V8 + Ve + VD
V = 0
IY =- q0 X V = 0
27. Ui.ing Dohr's po~1ul<1tcs, we know that
mv~ k7~l ... l1)
-r,.- = -r;-
(ccntrihigal force on revolving c- is
equal 10 the coulombian attraction)
...(ir)
(ar.gul:ir momentum o ( rc\·olvini
e- is qu:mtiscd)

Dividing cqn. (i) by (ii), we get

kZe 2 lu,. 2~JcZe 2
Vn = --X-- = ---
r,. nh 11h
2
2,.ke ...(iii)
or vn =- nh
- for H-atom
The total energy of the revolving electron in the n b orbit, En = K
1
+ U, where the kinetic
1 kle(-e) kZel
energy K = - mv/ and potential energy, U = - -- =
2 'n 'n
2
1 2 ke
For H-atom E = -mv11 - -
" 2 'n
ke 2
ke
2 ke2 ...(iv)
= ----- = 2r,.
2 2
. . . .. kme 2 n h
[Using equations (1) and (zr) - r,. = ~41t r,.•
we set this ,-aluc J

-~ -- - - - - - - - - - - - Phys;cs - 1 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Puttin,

\ \'.: h:m: E~ -_ Rhc Jou!.:.

- - J

The firstorbit
seGOnd line"1
of...
B1lmcr
2. seri~s · npt oJ uci: J when dcctron jumps from orbit nl =- 3 to th,:
~ • H.. ts

Using I -
i° - nf -.l_)
R(J_ n1 ' we gel
 W~ h.n·c

Pulti::;

r• =
Tr.:: :~::-: 1:::: l'f 1'1!-:-. ..:~ ~.:r:..!.,. ll,, is pr~'..!,:..:,• J v,hen cl.: ...tr\ln jt:m1•~ rwrn ort,,t ,: l == J tv th:!
s::.:,1:-.! ,~: t-:1 r. 1 -= ~

7
= 3!i = )5 X 10" = 6.5-1 X to•7 m.
i.ir. 5R 5 X l.l

lS. {u) • D: MeVU

'
J r (fm)

-1,j-J ,.,.,v \ ........ \ ...............

A '.!•u .L;,i,

, 0 ""' 0.8 fm
l( r < , , the oudc:lr {,ircc llctwccn nucleon; i~ rcpulJivc and if, > , 0 , up to
0
r .,. 3 fu1, th:: nu..:!~lr f,>r.:.: h attra::live. Strur.g ri.:pul.ion ~l sho1lcr di~t..111..:L·s s:1vcs the
r,u-1.:u, from ,k~1ru;:1i1m ard wcJk attracti:J11 bcy1111d J hi 4 (111 nukcJ thi.: nu.:-lc.lr for~c.~
!. ,tur,1!:d il\ it rc nuins !Kt1vt: near the nuckon ouly.

(h) ~I -+·
2
t~u -- ► ~~Xe + ~!Sr + 2:t,
\Vr:. know that for ato111i:; 1:1\1',i

I + 235 ,. " ➔ 'J1 + 2

a ~~ 2 U, - 91., .,. MO
And (vr atomic numh.:r
0 + 92 "' 54 t- b +0
b ,= 92 - 5-1 c:r 38
The correct c<1ualiun will be
:,. + 2 ~U -► ·::xc + ;:sr+ 2,11 1

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ l'hysics- Il - - - - - - - - - - -- -

(7)
 Z'I. (1) (,') (i't) (d) (111) (, ) /Ir (111) (ti) (, .. , (11)
.10. (,) (d)
(r,) (Ii) .,.111 " .,f14 X .fl, •• 1
4 X
1
2
f)
X
(111) M
Or
:l r. 3xl!J1
(111) (11) fl .. .. .. _ - - - 2 JIJ1 rn
• , 2 <, '• c11 "' X ··I

(11') (r1)
.'.ll. (a) (1) ·1he n11n 1/1~ tonr;,ius :i c:,pac,ror, hcn,c no c.urrcnl fl cr1,i tb r,::6h ,t. Let :,:-; ::-.'!::.,
IJHJ-;,f!JCI), the c.urrcut / nows.
·1he tnral emf of the mc~h ... 2V - V • V
'J h e clfcttive rc~i~t:wcc, R' • 2R. + R "' 3R
, .. _y_
3ft
Now lhe pr,lcnti:il diffe rence :,cror.~ DE c;1n be cith'!r

V1,E = 2V - I X 2R = 2V - ~X 2R = ~
31< 3
V 4V
or vllf. = V I- IXR =V+- =-
· 3 3
Ai; rhc cell and capacitor arc in series, the po tential diffcrcr.ze u::c.:~ :~e c.:;;::.::-:.cr,
VIJE = Ve+ V
4 V
or Ve= V- V ::
3 3
(/·,·) Chargc on c11pac1"tor, 1.c.
. Q = C x V = CV
3 3
(iii) Energy stored in the capacitor, U = ; CV2 = ½c (~ f"' C:S 1

(b) TJ1c slope of the line is dircc1ly proportional to the force :!cting ber...·ee.r. th ~'-.::.::~'i:S :;:.;:?.
given separation. The force with l st pair of charges, i.e. F1 is rep.:16·~ ad : e::ce ; ci:.;,,--:
( +vc), while the force for 2nd pair of charges, i.e. F 2 is attr2ctive a::d heLoce ::::=;;.~-.-=- (- ·.-:=).
Herc F2 is greater than Fl' therefore slope of F2 is greater than F 1•
F,
t (1µC, 2µC)
(Repulsive f0<ce :s i::cs.;;,e)

F2 {2JJC, - :l,.:C)
(A!'.ractlve f.;rce is ne-;::i;:ve)

- ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - Physics -12 _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __
, ...t. ...
C. '
~- ....
(q) l.(:t C,.,..,•
 Or
(a) Let Cb~ capacity of the pnrallcl plate capacitor cha rged to a potential V o[ the ballcry.
When the ballery is disconnected, the charge on the capacitor remains the same.
(I) On inserting a dielectric, slab the capacitance of the capacitor bccorne.r; Klimes the
ori.g inal va lue.
i.e. C' = KC
(ii) The new potential i,• is given by
Q Q V
V' = - = - = -
C' KC K
i.e. po tential is reduced K times.
Now, the new electric field E' is given by
V' V
E'= - = - = -
E
d Kd K
i.e. the electric field is reduced K times.
(iii) Let U and U' be the energies stored in the capacitor before and after the d ielectric
is introduced.
2
Then u = .!.cv
2
2 and CJ' = .!.2 c· V'2 = .!.2 KC (.!:.)
K
U' = .!. cvz = !!_
2 K K
i.e. the energy stored in the capacitor is reduced K times.
(b) The pattern of electric lines of force of a conducting sphere having a negative charge.
(i) There is no electric field lines (ii) The pattern of the electric field
of force inside the conducting lines of force of the electric
sphere. dipole.

V.
32. · (a) ·: Jrms = mu , here L = µo'l:Al
/ R + (2rtvL) 2
2

When the iron rod is inserted in a solenoid, the inductance increases according to
L' =
µ,1:1on 2Al, as µ, for iron is very large. Therefore, the current in the circuit decreases
and bulb _will glow dimmer.
(b) Given: V = V,, sin(lO00t + ~), L = 100 mH, C = 2 µF
<i> = 1000 rads-1, R = 400 n
3
,.
X = 0JL = 1000 X 100 X 10- = 100 n

- - - - - - - - - - - - - Physics-12------------

(9)
 1 ---- = 500 o
Xe = - - = -
1000 X 2 X 10-
6
(J)C
(i) V = ~ sin (IOOOI + ~)
llt - Ve
tan 9 = - - -
VR
x,. -R XR = 10 0- 500 = - 400 = -1
or tan ~= 400 400

.
. vol tag e trJ a
is c3p aci tivc in nat ure and cur ren t will lead the
·.· Xe > X,_, :. cir cui t
phase angle of n/4.
en X,_ = Xe'
(ii) Power factor = 1 wh
1
100 =
c.>(C + C')
1
C + C = 1oo x1 00 0 = 10 µ F
C = (10 - 2) = 8 µF
Or
om agn etic ind uction :
(a) F:ir ada y's Jaw or electr th a cuct:it, an 1.--:cuccd
is a cha nge in the magnetic flux linked v.i .
(i) Wh ene ver there lir.kcd v.i th it is char.;:::~
set up in it and las ts as lon g as the magnetic flux
dir ect ly proponic~~l ,o
em f is the
induced emf & in a circuit is
(ii) Th e magni tud e of the
rat e of change of magnetic
flux linked with the circui t.
-d ~
& c:c - -
i.e. dt X X X

2 m, Resistance R = 8.5 n,
O = 0°
(b) Radius r = 12 cm = 0.1 2
= 0.045 m:
A = r-.? = 3.14 X (0.12)
gh the loop
Magnetic flux passing thr ou
¢ = BA cos 0° = BA X X

. - 1d¢ -A dB
Induced current , =- -= - -
R dt
Rdt
M = 2 - 0 = 2 sec
In time interval, 0 - 2 sec :
.1 .8 =1 -0 =l T
i = - A M3 = -0.045 x _!_
A
R jt S.5 2
i = -2 .6 X 10- A = -2.6 r.tA
3

Frc m 2 - 4 sec, ~ = O;
i =0
 From -I s~·.: - 6 sec; ._\/1 = (0 - l )T = -1 T; 6f = 6 -
4= 2s
j :::z - 0;04S X ( -:,~ ) = 2.6 X 10 "3 A = 2.6 mA
l-l.5 -

I
(nv\)
t2,0
01-- -...--- >- - - ' - - --
2; 4 6 / (a) __..
- 2.6

(c) Lcnz' s law complies wi1h the principle of conse

rvation of energy. For example, when
the N-1mlc of a bar magnet is pushe d into a coil
ns shown , the direction of induced
curre nt in the coil will be such that the end 2 of the
coil will act as N-pole. Thus, work
has 10 be done against the magnetic repulsive force
to push the mngncl into ll1e coil.

ON
The electrical energy produced in the coil is at the
expe nse of this work done.

-
I
= N-
------

33. (a)

V - - - - -- .,.j
(b) In the figure
MB P-M 'B'P (AA similarity)
All _ PR
A'JY - PB' •..(i)
Simil:irly, MIN F-M 'B'F
(AA similarity)
MN .,, NI·
A' B' B'F ...(ii)
MN = AB and NF ~ PF, FB' = PB' - PF
:. Equation (ii) becomes
. AR = l,F
A'B' l'D' -PF ...(iii)

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ Phys ics- 12 __
__ __ _ __ __ _ _ _

(11)
 get
Fro m equ atio n (i) anti (iii), we
PR = PF ...(iv)
PJJ' /'/J' - l'F
As per sign convention
PB = - u, PB '= - v, PF = -f
-f u -f
-u
- = ⇒ -= - -
-v -v- (-1) v -v+ f
-uv + uf = -vf
uf + vf = uv
Dividing bot h side s by uvf ·
1 1 1
⇒
-+ u- = -I
V

This is the mir ror form ula.

Lin ear mag nifi cati on = m = Size of obje
image
ct
Size of
From equ atio n (i)
-u ho
-=--

h, -v
m= - = -
h0 u
telescope over a refracting type
Th e foll ow ing are the two advantages of a reflecti ng typ e
(c)
tele scope: rration.
1. As the re is no refraction,
jt is fre e from the chromatic abe It
ing pow er of the obj ect ive mu st be higher to get bet ter resolution.
2. Th e light gather .
ma ke mirror s of larger diame ters
is eas ier to han dle and che ape r to
Or
terial of absolute
r's For mu la: Co nsi der a thin convex lens made of a ma
(a) Le ns .M ake • Let 11 be the
ex n pla ced in a rar er me diu m of absolute refractive index n 1
ref rac tive ind 2 medium sur rou nding it.
rac tive ind ex of the ma teri al of the lens with respect to the
ref
n
So n = -1
nl
s of
er refr act ion of light fro m the object O at surface Xl \Y of the len
Le t us first consid at rnrface Xl\ Y
vat ure R • Le t / be the rea l image formed due to refract ion
rad ius of cur 1 1

assum ing tha t the ma terial of the lens extends beyond / 1 the n
X
·· ~
~ I ··•,,

y
v~
IE- - u )i( v, )I
. .. (i )
"1 - n1 = nz - n,
,,.1 ., ~

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
r-.--- -- '• -- -- - - - - -- - Ph ysi cs -/:
!_ _ _ _ _

.I
 He rc v1 = P/1 = C/ 1
and
I I = -OT\ = - OC

- +"1
So nz "2 - ,1,
Cl,
-=- -
OC R1
Let us now con side r refr acti
on at sur fac e XP Yo f the lens
this sur fac e 1 acts as the virt 2 of radn1<, t,I 1,111vatu rc Hi· l·•,r
1 ual obj ect. The refo re, the fina
is for m ed a t l as sho wn in the l imaic (rl-111) r,1 Iii•; r1hJ:-ct fJ
dia gra m abo ve.
For ref rac tion at surfac e, XP
Y, we hav e 2
n1 n1 _ 111 - n2
v-V i° - ~
H e rc v =
P 2 l = Cl and v = P/ =
CI 1
1 1
There fore, equatio n (iii) can
be rewritten as
n 1 '12 n 1 - n2
C/ -C /
1
= --:n;-
Fro m equ atio ns (ii) and (iv), on
adding, we get
n1 Iii Iii n, ~
Cl - C/ + C/ + OC - (n2 nt) [ 1 1
1 1 R Ri 1
1
or n1[i/ +de)= (112-n1>[A - ~]
1 + 1
n1 -1)[..!R,. -..!.]
Cl OC = (Iii
or
Rz
A CJ = v and
. OC = -u and -Iii
~
ft

n, = n.
i- i = cn-1)(;1 - ~l
!I = (n - 1) [1--..!.]
R, Rz
(b) Gi\·cn: u = -100 cm; n = 1.5
(R.I. ~{ glass); R =/ 0 cm
] = (n- l)R = (1. 5-1 )
20
f = 20 cm
Using len s formula,
l - !_ !
/ - V U

I = ! __ L
20 ., (- 100)
l
;flzo1 __aoo
,,I . • !S - l
1ocT
. v • 2S c:m
.
J. uf the oh:r:~I.
. f 0 -d at a d h·..tant:c u( 25 c:m on
Th e image &S thi: oth er a1 "
• ......
·

J'llytic., - I; -· -- -- -- ·- --
L -- - ~ - -~
(U,