Physics Theory Papers

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 1 6 7 1 3 1 8 1 1 0 *
PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) October/November 2023
1 hour 15 minutes
You must answer on the question paper.
No additional materials are needed.
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.
● Take the weight of 1.0 kg to be 9.8 N (acceleration of free fall = 9.8 m / s2).
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
This document has 16 pages.
DC (CJ/FC) 318547/5
© UCLES 2023 [Turn over
2
1 A car accelerates uniformly in a straight line from rest at time t = 0. At t = 3.2 s, the speed of the car
is 13.0 m / s.
(a) (i) Calculate the acceleration of the car.
acceleration = ......................................................... [2]
(ii) Explain in words what is meant by the term acceleration.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) The car travels at 13.0 m / s from t = 3.2 s to t = 12.0 s.
(i) Plot the speed–time graph for the car from t = 0 to t = 12.0 s.
14.0
speed 12.0
m/s
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0
t/s
[2]
(ii) Determine the distance travelled by the car between t = 0 and t = 3.2 s.
distance = ......................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2023 0625/42/O/N/23
3
(c) The car decelerates from 13.0 m / s to 0 m / s at a constant deceleration. The mass of the car is
1350 kg. The car travels 13 m in 2.0 s as it decelerates.
Show that the work done by the car as it decelerates is approximately 1.1 × 105 J.
[4]
(d) On another day, the car in (c) travels a longer distance while it decelerates from 13.0 m / s to
0 m / s. The deceleration is constant.
Suggest and explain what causes the stopping distance to increase.
suggestion ................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
explanation ...............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 13]
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4
2 Fig. 2.1 shows an electric tumble dryer used to dry wet clothes.
drum
hot air blows

into drum
clothes
heating element
cool air
condenser leaves condenser
water
Fig. 2.1
(a) Hot air blows into the drum. The air gains water vapour from the clothes and then leaves the
drum. The moist air enters the condenser. Cool air leaves the condenser, passes through the
heating element and enters the drum again.
(i) State the process by which the hot air removes water from the wet clothes.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) The air is cooled as it passes through the condenser.
Describe and explain one other way in which the air leaving the condenser is different
from the air entering the condenser.
description .........................................................................................................................
explanation ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) The drum of the tumble dryer rotates, lifting up the wet clothes which then fall down through
the hot air.
(i) Name the force that causes the clothes to fall down.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) When the drum rotates too fast the clothes remain in contact with the wall of the drum.
State the direction of the resultant force on the clothes during the circular motion.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
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5
(c) Suggest why using a clothesline to dry clothes in the open air is better for the environment
than using an electric tumble dryer.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 6]

6
3 (a) A balloon of mass 15 g is glued to a straw. The straw is threaded onto a horizontal string, as
shown in Fig. 3.1.
The balloon is filled with air and then the air is released.
horizontal
string direction of motion of balloon
hollow straw fixed to balloon
balloon
Fig. 3.1
As the air leaves the balloon, the balloon experiences a force.

The balloon accelerates from rest until it reaches a constant speed. It then travels 0.67 m in
0.18 s at this constant speed.
(i) Explain in words what is meant by the term impulse.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Calculate the resultant impulse on the balloon while it is accelerating.
impulse = ......................................................... [3]
(iii) Explain how momentum is conserved as the balloon accelerates.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
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(b) Fig. 3.2 shows the directions of two forces acting on a different balloon as it moves.
0.40 N force
0.74 N force
Fig. 3.2 (not to scale)
Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant force on the balloon.
magnitude ...............................................................
direction relative to horizontal force ...............................................................

[4]
[Total: 10]
8
4 Fig. 4.1 shows a bottle part-filled with water. The air inside the bottle is at the same pressure as
the air outside the bottle. The bottle and its contents are at room temperature.
bottle
air
water
Fig. 4.1
(a) The temperature of the bottle and its contents are increased.
(i) Explain, in terms of particles, how the air pressure inside the bottle changes as the
temperature increases.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) The lid is removed from the bottle.
State and explain how the air pressure inside the bottle changes.
statement ..........................................................................................................................
explanation ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
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9
(b) The mass of water in the bottle is 0.18 kg. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J / (kg °C).
Calculate the thermal energy needed to increase the temperature of the water by 20 °C.
thermal energy = ......................................................... [2]
(c) Another plastic bottle is filled to the top with water. The height of the bottle is 40.0 cm. The
density of water is 1.0 × 103 kg / m3.
Calculate the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the water.
pressure difference = ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 9]

10
5 Fig. 5.1 shows a road junction, a moving car and a stationary truck. The road has high walls on
each side.
truck
car
Fig. 5.1
(a) The driver of the truck is at position X. The car moves around the corner.
On Fig. 5.1, label a point Y on the road where the truck driver first sees the car. [1]
(b) A plane mirror is placed at the road junction as shown in Fig. 5.2.
truck
car
Fig. 5.2
Show how this mirror allows the driver of the truck to see the car when it is at the position
shown in Fig. 5.2. [2]
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(c) The truck driver wears spectacles to correct long-sightedness. Fig. 5.3 shows how a blurred
image of an object O forms on the retina. Any effect of the cornea on the rays of light can be
ignored.
lens retina
cornea
Fig. 5.3
On Fig. 5.4, show how long-sightedness is corrected by:
• adding a suitable lens in front of the eye

• continuing the path of the three rays of light until they meet to form an image.
lens retina
Fig. 5.4
[4]
[Total: 7]

12
6 Fig. 6.1 shows the circuit diagram for a flashlight (torch).
Fig. 6.1
The electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery is 4.5 V. The circuit contains a 60 Ω fixed resistor.
The current in the light-emitting diode (LED) is 0.020 A.
(a) Calculate the potential difference (p.d.) across the LED.
p.d. = ......................................................... [2]
(b) Explain why the LED does not light up if the battery is reversed.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) The chemical energy stored in the battery is 1050 J.
Show that the flashlight operates for approximately 3 h.
[2]
(d) Calculate the total charge that flows through the LED in 3600 s.
charge = ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 7]
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7 Fig. 7.1 shows some uses of electromagnetic radiation and different regions of the electromagnetic
spectrum.
use of electromagnetic region of electromagnetic

radiation spectrum
Bluetooth headset gamma rays
thermal imaging radio waves
photography of
people’s faces infrared
sterilising medical visible light

equipment
Fig. 7.1
(a) Draw a line from each use to the correct region of the spectrum. Each region of the spectrum
is used once. One line has been completed for you. [2]
(b) State the speed of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum.
speed = ......................................................... [1]
(c) A Bluetooth headset can be used to listen to music on a mobile (cell) phone without the need
for wires to connect the headset to the phone.
(i) The headset uses frequencies in the range 2.40–2.48 GHz.
Calculate the wavelength of the radio waves when the frequency is in the middle of the
frequency range.
wavelength = ......................................................... [3]
(ii) Suggest why a Bluetooth headset only works well over short distances.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 7]

14
8 The isotope uranium-235 is represented by

235
92 U.
(a) State what the numbers 92 and 235 represent in this symbol.
92 is ..........................................................................................................................................
235 is ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Uranium-235 is a fuel used in nuclear reactors.
(i) State the process by which energy is released from uranium-235 in a nuclear reactor.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) A nuclide equation for this process is

235 1 140 94 1
92 U + 0n 54 Xe + 38 Sr + 2 0 n.
Describe the mass and energy changes that take place during this process in a nuclear
reactor.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) (i) Describe how thermal energy from nuclear reactions is used to generate electricity in a
power station.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) State one advantage and one disadvantage of using nuclear fuels in a power station
instead of using fossil fuels.
advantage .........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
disadvantage .....................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 10]
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9 Table 9.1 gives information about three planets in the Solar System.
Table 9.1
planet mass average orbital gravitational field strength at surface

/ 1024 kg distance period N / kg
from Sun / days
/ 106 km
Earth 5.97 149.6 365.2 9.8
Jupiter 1898 778.6 4331 23.1
X 4.87 108.2 224.7 8.9
(a) State the name of planet X.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Describe the relationship shown in Table 9.1 between the mass of a planet and the
gravitational field strength at its surface.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) Explain why ‘distance from Sun’ in Table 9.1 is an average value.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(d) Show that the average orbital speed of the Earth is approximately 30 km / s.
[3]
[Total: 6]

16
10 Complete the sentences about the life cycle of stars.
(a) Protostars are formed from .......................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................ [1]
(b) A protostar becomes a stable star when ...................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
is balanced by ...........................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) The initial fuel used to power nuclear reactions in stars is .................................................... [1]
(d) Stars that are approximately the same size as the Sun become red giant stars which then
form a ........................................................................................................................................
with a white dwarf star at its centre. [1]
[Total: 5]
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Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2023 0625/42/O/N/23

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 6 5 0 5 6 9 0 7 9 5 *
PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) May/June 2023
1 hour 15 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS
INFORMATION
This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
DC (CE/CT) 315744/3
2
1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows a helicopter which is stationary at a height of 1500 m above the ground.
1500 m
ground
(i) State the two conditions necessary for the helicopter to remain in equilibrium.
condition 1 .........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
condition 2 .........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) The mass of the helicopter is 3200 kg.
Calculate the change in the gravitational potential energy of the helicopter as it rises
from the ground to 1500 m.
change in gravitational potential energy = ......................................................... [2]
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3
(b) Fig. 1.2 shows a vertical speed–time graph for a parachutist who jumps from a stationary
hot-air balloon.
A
speed
B
0
0 time
Fig. 1.2
The parachutist jumps from the balloon at time = 0 and reaches the ground at B. The point A
indicates when the parachute opens.
(i) On Fig. 1.2, label a point on the graph where the acceleration is:
• zero with ‘1’
• negative with ‘2’
• decreasing with ‘3’. [3]
(ii) Explain, in terms of forces, the changes in motion which occur from when the parachutist
leaves the hot-air balloon until point A.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [4]
[Total: 11]
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2 A student catches a cricket ball. The speed of the ball immediately before it is caught is 18 m / s.
The mass of the cricket ball is 160 g.
(a) Calculate the kinetic energy stored in the cricket ball immediately before it is caught.
kinetic energy = ......................................................... [3]
(b) It takes 0.12 s to catch the ball and bring it to rest.
Calculate the average force exerted on the ball.
average force = ......................................................... [2]
(c) As the student catches the ball, she moves her hands backwards.
Explain the effect of this action on the student’s hands.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 6]
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5
3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows a person moving across an ice-covered pond to reach a ball on the ice.
ball
ice
Fig. 3.1
Explain why this way of moving across the ice is safer than walking. Use your understanding
of pressure in your answer.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) Fig. 3.2 shows a side view of the pond with a layer of ice floating freely on the water.
ice
pond
0.45 m
water
X
Fig. 3.2
The surface area of the pond is 5.0 m2.

The mass of the ice is 690 kg.
The density of water is 1000 kg / m3.
Point X is 0.45 m below the ice.
Calculate the pressure at point X due to the ice and the water.
pressure = ......................................................... [4]
[Total: 7]
6
4 (a) The temperature of a fixed mass of gas at constant volume is decreased.
State and explain, in terms of particles, how the pressure of the gas changes.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) (i) State the value of absolute zero in °C.
value of absolute zero = .................................................... °C [1]
(ii) Explain what is meant by the term absolute zero. Refer to particles in your answer.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Cylinder 1 contains 350 cm3 of gas at a pressure of 9.0 × 104 Pa. The gas is transferred to
cylinder 2 and the pressure increases to 1.6 × 105 Pa. The temperature remains constant.
Calculate the volume of cylinder 2.
volume = ......................................................... [3]
[Total: 9]
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5 (a) Fig. 5.1 shows an electric heater used to heat a room.
Fig. 5.1
The dimensions of the room are 4.5 m × 6.1 m × 2.4 m.

The density of air is 1.2 kg / m3.
(i) Show that the mass of air in the room is 79 kg.
[2]
(ii) The power of the heater is 1100 W. The specific heat capacity of air is 1000 J / (kg °C).
Calculate the time taken to increase the temperature of the air in the room from 16.0 °C
to 20.0 °C.
time = ......................................................... [4]

8
(iii) Suggest one reason why the time calculated in (a)(ii) is the minimum time needed to
increase the temperature of the air in the room from 16.0 °C to 20.0 °C.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Fig. 5.2 shows a cross-section of a double-glazed window in the room.
outer
glass
pane
narrow air gap
inner glass pane
Fig. 5.2
State the main methods of thermal energy transfer from the room to outside which are
reduced by this type of window.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 8]
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9
6 Two types of seismic waves are P-waves and S-waves.
(a) State the types of wave that P-waves and S-waves can be modelled as.
P-waves ....................................................................................................................................
S-waves ....................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) The velocity of a P-wave in the Earth’s solid crust is 7.2 km / s and its frequency is 4.5 Hz.
Calculate the wavelength of this P-wave.
wavelength = ......................................................... [3]
[Total: 5]

10
7 Fig. 7.1 shows a container of oil.
container x
oil
Fig. 7.1
A ray of light shines on the surface of the oil. The refractive index of the oil is 1.47.
(a) On Fig. 7.1, draw the normal at the point where the ray enters the oil. [1]
(b) The angle x is 56°.
Calculate the value of the angle of refraction.
angle of refraction = ......................................................... [3]
(c) State the approximate speed of light in air.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
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11
(d) Calculate the speed of light in the oil.
Give your answer to three significant figures.
speed = ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 7]

12
8 (a) (i) State what is meant by a magnetic field.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Define the direction of a magnetic field.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Fig. 8.1 shows a negatively charged metal sphere.
–
– –
– –
– –
–
Fig. 8.1
On Fig. 8.1, draw four lines to show the electric field and its direction. [2]
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13
(c) Fig. 8.2 shows a circuit.
R3
R1
R2
Fig. 8.2
The three cells are identical and have zero resistance.

The resistors R1, R2 and R3 are identical.
The reading on the voltmeter is 6.0 V.
When the diode is conducting, it has zero resistance and zero potential difference (p.d.)
across it.
(i) Determine the e.m.f. of one cell.
e.m.f. = ......................................................... [1]
(ii) Determine the ratio of the p.d. across R2 to the p.d. across R3.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) All the cells are reversed.
1. State and explain the change in current in R1.
....................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
2. Determine the new value of the ratio of the p.d. across R2 to the p.d. across R3.
.............................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 8]

14
9 (a) Table 9.1 shows some properties and values for α-particles, β-particles and γ-radiation.
Complete Table 9.1.
Table 9.1
type of number of number of charge / C stopped by

radiation protons neutrons
α 2 + 3.2 × 10–19 thin sheet of
paper
β 0 thin sheet of
aluminium
γ 0
[3]
(b) State how β-decay changes the nucleus of an atom.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) A radiation detector used in a laboratory detects a background count rate of 30 counts / min.
A radioactive source is placed in front of the radiation detector. The initial reading on the
detector is 550 counts / min. The half-life of the source is 25 minutes.
Calculate the expected reading on the detector after 75 minutes.
reading = ...................................... counts / min [4]
(d) State two safety precautions taken when moving, using or storing radioactive sources in a
laboratory.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 10]
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10 (a) State the equation that defines the average orbital speed v of a planet. State the meaning of
any symbols you use.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Suggest why countries that are a significant distance from the Equator experience significant
temperature variation throughout the year.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) Fill in the gaps in the paragraph about a star much more massive than the Sun.
The stage that follows the stable state in the life cycle of the star is the
....................................... stage.
It then explodes as a supernova to form a ....................................... , this leaves behind a
....................................... or a ....................................... .
[4]
(d) A galaxy is moving away from the Earth with a speed of 33 000 km / s.
The value of the Hubble constant is 2.2 × 10–18 per second.
Calculate the distance from the galaxy to the Earth. Give your answer in light-years.
distance = ....................................... light-years [2]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2023 0625/42/M/J/23

16
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2023 0625/42/M/J/23

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 9 5 7 5 9 0 2 6 3 4 *
PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) February/March 2023
1 hour 15 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS
INFORMATION
DC (EF/SG) 321611/2
2
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2023 0625/42/F/M/23

3
1 (a) A boat crosses a river. The boat points at right angles to the river bank and it travels at a
speed of 3.5 m / s relative to the water.
A river current acts at right angles to the direction the boat points. The river current has a
speed of 2.5 m / s.
By drawing a scale diagram or by calculation, determine the speed and direction of the boat
relative to the river bank.
speed = ...............................................................
direction relative to the river bank = ...............................................................

[4]
(b) Speed is a scalar quantity and velocity is a vector quantity.
State the names of one other scalar quantity and one other vector quantity.
scalar quantity ..........................................................................................................................
vector quantity ..........................................................................................................................

[2]
[Total: 6]
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4
2 Fig. 2.1 shows a ship loaded with containers.
containers
ship
water
Fig. 2.1
(a) The ship is made of steel.
The density of steel is 7800 kg / m3 and the density of water is 1000 kg / m3.
Explain why the ship floats in the water.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) The containers with the greatest mass are loaded near the bottom of the ship.
State and explain the effect on the stability of the ship of loading the containers in this way.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) A crane lifts a container 48 m vertically upwards. The mass of the container is 30 000 kg.
Calculate the energy transferred to the gravitational potential energy stored in the container.
energy = ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2023 0625/42/F/M/23
5
3 (a) State the principle of conservation of energy.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) A wind turbine has a maximum output power of 1.8 MW. The turbine operates at maximum
power for 4.0 h.
(i) Define the unit kW h.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Calculate the energy produced by the wind turbine operating at maximum power for
4.0 h. Give your answer in kW h.
energy = ................................................. kW h [2]
(c) Radiation from the Sun is the main source of energy for most of our energy resources.
State two energy resources that are not due to radiation from the Sun.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 7]

6
4 Fig. 4.1 shows a metal pan on an electric hotplate. The pan contains 200 cm3 of water.
water
metal pan
hotplate
Fig. 4.1
The pan is heated. The temperature of the water in the pan increases.
(a) Thermal energy is transferred through the metal pan by conduction.
State and explain the two ways that thermal energy is conducted in a metal.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) (i) The water boils and leaves the liquid as a gas.
Explain, in terms of forces and distances between particles, why the gas occupies a
much greater volume than it does as a liquid.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) State two ways in which boiling differs from evaporation.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
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7
(c) The water is replaced with 200 cm3 of milk.
The initial temperature of the milk is 20.0 °C. The boiling point of milk is 95.0 °C.
The milk starts to boil when 60 700 J of thermal energy has been transferred to it. The density
of milk is 1.03 g / cm3.
Calculate the value of the specific heat capacity of milk. Give your answer to 3 significant
figures.
specific heat capacity = ......................................................... [4]
[Total: 11]

8
5 (a) Fig. 5.1 shows a semicircular transparent plastic block.
semicircular
transparent
plastic block
Fig. 5.1
A ray of light is incident normally on the curved surface of the block. The refractive index of
the plastic is 1.5.
(i) Calculate the critical angle for the plastic.
critical angle = ......................................................... [2]
(ii) On Fig. 5.1, draw the path of the ray in the block and after the ray emerges from the
block. [2]
(b) Fig. 5.2 is a full‑scale diagram of a lens and an object O.
lens
F O
Fig. 5.2
The point marked F shows the position of a principal focus of the lens.
(i) Determine the focal length of the lens.
focal length = ......................................................... [1]
(ii) On Fig. 5.2, draw two rays from the object to locate the image. Label the image I. [3]
© UCLES 2023 0625/42/F/M/23
9
(c) Fig. 5.3 shows a simplified diagram of an eye with rays from a distant object and the path of
the rays inside the eye of a person with short sight.
retina
lens
Fig. 5.3
On Fig. 5.4, draw an additional lens outside the eye to correct short‑sightedness and show
the path of the rays inside the eye.
Fig. 5.4
[2]
[Total: 10]

10
6 (a) Sound waves have compressions and rarefactions.
Explain what is meant by compression and rarefaction.
compression .............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
rarefaction .................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) We can see light from the Sun but we cannot hear any sound from it.
State the reason for this.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) During a thunderstorm, an observer sees the lightning almost immediately but hears the
sound of the thunder several seconds later. The thunder and lightning are produced at the
same time.
The sound of the thunder is heard 9.0 s after the lightning is seen. The speed of sound in air
is 340 m / s.
Calculate the distance from the thunderstorm to the observer.
distance = ......................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2023 0625/42/F/M/23

11
(d) In a lightning strike, there is a current of 3.0 × 104 A for 48 ms.
Calculate the charge that flows.
charge = ......................................................... [3]
[Total: 8]

12
7 (a) Define potential difference (p.d.).
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) (i) State the equation which defines electromotive force (e.m.f.) E.
[1]
(ii) The e.m.f. of a battery is 9.0 V. The battery is in a circuit.
Calculate the work done by the battery when it moves a charge of 30 C around a complete
circuit.
work done = ......................................................... [2]
(c) A circuit consists of a d.c. power supply, a lamp and a thermistor.
(i) Draw a circuit diagram of these components connected in series.
[2]
© UCLES 2023 0625/42/F/M/23

13
(ii) Explain what happens in the circuit you have drawn in (c)(i) when the temperature of the
thermistor is increased.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 9]

14
8 Fig. 8.1 shows a horizontal, flat coil in a magnetic field
coil
axis
B
N A
Fig. 8.1
The coil is connected to a cell. The coil rotates.
(a) Determine the direction of movement of the side AB relative to the plane of the coil.
direction of movement = ......................................................... [1]
(b) Explain how you determined the direction in (a).
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) State and explain what happens to the coil as it reaches the vertical position.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(d) To operate as a motor, a split‑ring commutator and brushes are added to the parts shown in
Fig. 8.1.
Explain the effects of the split‑ring commutator and the brushes on the action of the motor.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2023 0625/42/F/M/23

15
9 (a) A nuclear power station has a reactor where controlled nuclear fission of uranium‑235 takes
place.
(i) Explain what is meant by nuclear fission.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) State one advantage and one disadvantage of generating electrical power in nuclear
power stations compared with electrical power generated using wind turbines.
advantage .........................................................................................................................
disadvantage .....................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen (H) with 1 proton and 1 neutron. Nuclear fusion occurs
when two nuclei of deuterium combine. An isotope of helium (He) and a neutron are formed.
Use nuclide notation to write down the nuclide equation for this reaction.
[3]
[Total: 8]

16
10 (a) The time taken for Mars to orbit the Sun is 690 Earth days. The average orbital radius of Mars
is 2.28 × 108 km. An Earth day is 24 h.
Calculate the average orbital speed of Mars in km / s.
average speed = ......................................................... [3]
(b) State the shape of the orbits of the planets.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) Light from a distant galaxy is redshifted.
(i) Explain what is meant by redshift.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) State the quantity that the redshift of a galaxy is used to calculate.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 7]
Permission to reproduce items where third‑party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer‑related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
© UCLES 2023 0625/42/F/M/23

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 4 8 4 4 8 2 3 2 5 3 *
PHYSICS 0625/42
1 hour 15 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS
● Take the weight of 1.0 kg to be 10 N (acceleration of free fall = 10 m / s2).
INFORMATION
DC (PQ/CB) 301684/2
2
1 Fig. 1.1 shows sea water flowing down a channel into a tank without splashing. The water is
flowing at a rate of 800 kg / min. The length and width of the tank are 3.10 m and 1.20 m. The
density of the sea water is 1020 kg / m3.
1.20 m
flowing sea water
3.10 m
channel
tank
(a) Initially, the tank is empty.
Calculate the depth of water in the tank after 1.00 minute. Give your answer to three significant
figures.
depth = ......................................................... [3]
(b) The height of the water decreases by 0.420 m as it flows down the channel.
Calculate the decrease in gravitational potential energy of the water each second.
decrease in gravitational potential energy = ......................................................... [3]
(c) The water stops flowing. The depth of water in the tank is 0.800 m.
Calculate the pressure at the bottom of the tank due to the water.
pressure = ......................................................... [3]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/O/N/22
3
2 (a) A pendulum swings with a time period of approximately one second.
Describe how to use a stop-watch to determine the time period of the pendulum.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) Complete Table 2.1 by writing in each space of the right-hand column which one of the
following devices is used to measure the quantity in the left-hand column.
digital balance measuring cylinder metre rule
micrometer screw gauge stop-watch thermocouple
Table 2.1
quantity device
volume of water in a glass
width of a small swimming pool
thickness of a piece of aluminium foil

[3]
[Total: 6]

4
3 (a) Tidal power derives most of its energy from the Moon and part of its energy from the Sun.
(i) State one other source of power which derives its energy from the Sun.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) State one source of power which does not derive its energy from the Sun.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Fig. 3.1 shows a small water turbine driven by a tidal flow of water to generate electrical
power.
surface of sea
flow of water
sea bed
Fig. 3.1
(i) Explain whether this method of generation of electrical power is renewable.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) The mass of water passing through the turbine each second is 6.0 × 103 kg. The speed
of the water is 2.0 m / s. 40% of the kinetic energy of the water is converted to electrical
energy.
Calculate the electrical power generated.
power = ......................................................... [4]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/O/N/22

5
4 (a) Explain, in terms of the momentum of particles, how a gas exerts a pressure.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) The temperature of a sample of gas is increased at constant volume.
State and explain any change in the pressure of the gas.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) Another sample of gas is in a sealed container of volume 170 cm3 and exerts a pressure of
9.0 × 104 Pa. The volume of the container decreases by 70 cm3 at constant temperature.
Calculate the new pressure of the gas.
pressure = ......................................................... [3]
[Total: 8]

6
5 Fig. 5.1 shows an aluminium block after leaving a furnace in a factory.
furnace
aluminium block
factory worker
solid metal rollers
Fig. 5.1
(a) The mass of the block is 1200 kg and it is heated in the furnace from 20 °C to 380 °C. The
aluminium block does not melt.
The specific heat capacity of aluminium is 960 J / (kg °C).
Calculate the thermal energy gained by the block in the furnace.
thermal energy = ......................................................... [3]
(b) Fig. 5.1 shows a factory worker standing 3 m from the block.
State and explain the main process by which thermal energy is transferred to the worker.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/O/N/22

7
(c) State and explain the main process by which thermal energy is transferred from the outer
surface of the solid metal rollers to their interior.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 9]

8
6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows a converging lens and an object OX. The focuses of the lens are labelled F.
F F
O
principal axis
Fig. 6.1
(i) On Fig. 6.1, carefully draw two rays from X which locate the image of the object. Draw the
image and label it IY.
Measure the distance from IY along the principal axis to the centre line of the lens.
distance = ...............................................................
[4]
(ii) State two reasons why the image IY is virtual.
1. .......................................................................................................................................
2. .......................................................................................................................................
[2]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/O/N/22

9
(b) Fig. 6.2 shows a ray of green light passing into, through and out of a glass prism.
Fig. 6.2
A ray of blue light is incident on the prism on the same path as the incident ray of green light.
On Fig. 6.2, draw the path of the blue light through and out of the prism. [3]
[Total: 9]

10
7 This question is about the magnetic fields around bar magnets. Fig. 7.1 shows two positions used
by a student doing an experiment.
position 1 position 2
Fig. 7.1
(a) Fig. 7.2 shows a magnet, labelled magnet 1, placed on position 1.
magnet 1 position 2
S N
Fig. 7.2
On Fig. 7.2, draw lines to show the pattern of the magnetic field produced by magnet 1.
Place arrows on the lines to show the direction of the field. [3]
(b) Magnet 1 is removed from position 1. Fig. 7.3 shows another magnet, labelled magnet 2,
placed on position 2.
position 1 magnet 2
N S
Fig. 7.3
On Fig. 7.3, draw, at the right-hand end of position 1, a line with an arrow to show the direction
of the magnetic field produced by magnet 2. [1]
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11
(c) Fig. 7.4 shows magnet 1 placed on position 1 and magnet 2 placed on position 2.
magnet 1 magnet 2
S N N S
Fig. 7.4
(i) State the direction of the force that the N pole of magnet 2 exerts on the N pole of
magnet 1.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Justify your answer to (c)(i).
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 6]

12
8 Fig. 8.1 shows an electrical circuit.
Y V
Fig. 8.1
(a) The light intensity at the circuit increases from dark to bright.
State any effect on the resistance of component Y.
...................................................................................................................................................
State and explain any effect on the reading of the voltmeter.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) The circuit shown in Fig. 8.2 is switched on for 2.0 min.
12 V
4.0 Ω
Fig. 8.2
The current in the 4.0 Ω resistor is 3.0 A and the magnitude of the charge on an electron is
1.6 × 10–19 C.
(i) Calculate the number of electrons that pass through the resistor each second.
number = ......................................................... [3]
(ii) Calculate the power dissipated by the resistor.
power = ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/O/N/22
13
9 (a) Draw the symbol for:
(i) a diode
[1]
(ii) a NOT gate.
[1]
(b) (i) Fig. 9.1 shows a digital circuit.
Z
I1 O
I2
Fig. 9.1
Complete the truth table shown in Table 9.1.
Table 9.1
I1 I2 Z O
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
[2]
(ii) State another single gate which is equivalent to the part of the circuit between I1 and Z.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]

14
(c) Using two logic gates, design and draw a digital circuit with two inputs and two outputs which
has the truth table shown in Table 9.2.
Use either the usual logic gate symbols or correctly labelled square boxes in your diagram.
Table 9.2
input 1 input 2 output 1 output 2
0 0 0 1
0 1 1 1
1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0
[4]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/O/N/22

15
10 (a) The magnitude of the charge on a β (beta)-particle is 1.6 × 10–19 C.
(i) State the proton number and nucleon number of an α (alpha)-particle.
proton number ...................................................................................................................
nucleon number ................................................................................................................

[2]
(ii) Determine the magnitude of the charge of an α (alpha)-particle.
charge ...............................................................................................................................
[1]
(b) A nucleus of radium-230 consists of 88 protons and 142 neutrons. Radium-230 is radioactive
and decays by β (beta)-emission to an isotope of actinium. The symbol for radium is Ra and
the symbol for actinium is Ac.
Write down the nuclide equation for this decay.
[3]
(c) The half-life of radium-230 is 93 min. A sample contains 9.6 × 10–12 g of radium-230.
Calculate the mass of radium in the sample after 279 min.
mass = ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/O/N/22

16
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/O/N/22

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 6 2 9 6 1 5 9 9 1 2 *
PHYSICS 0625/42
1 hour 15 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS
INFORMATION
DC (KS/FC) 301887/2
2
1 Fig. 1.1 shows an electrically powered bicycle.
battery
electric motor
Fig. 1.1
When fully charged, the battery can deliver a power of 600 W for 60 min.
(a) (i) Calculate the energy, in joules, stored in the battery when fully charged.
energy = ...................................................... J [3]
(ii) State the form of energy stored by the battery.
......................................................... [1]
(b) The bicycle has a motor with an electrical input power of 250 W.
Calculate the time for which the battery can power the bicycle.
time = ......................................................... [2]
(c) Consider this bicycle compared to a small motorcycle.
State two environmental benefits of the electrically powered bicycle.
1. ...............................................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/M/J/22
3
2 Fig. 2.1 shows an object of mass 2.0 kg on a bench. This object is connected by a cord, passing
over a pulley, to an object of mass 3.0 kg.
card
cord
pulley 2.0 cm 2.0 kg object
F
bench
3.0 kg object
Fig. 2.1
The 2.0 kg object is released from rest and accelerates at 4.0 m / s2.
(a) Calculate the resultant force acting on the 2.0 kg object.
force = ......................................................... [2]
(b) Calculate the upward force F exerted by the cord on the 3.0 kg object.
force F = ......................................................... [3]
(c) The objects have a constant acceleration.
(i) Show that the speed of the objects 0.80 s after release is 3.2 m / s.
[2]
(ii) A card, of width 2.0 cm, is fixed to the 2.0 kg object. As the 2.0 kg object moves to the left,
the card passes through a beam of light that is perpendicular to the card.
Using the speed given in (c)(i), calculate the time taken for the card to pass through the
beam of light.
time = ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 9]
4
3 (a) Fig. 3.1 shows water in a river moving parallel to the river bank at 4.0 m / s and a canoe
travelling in the river.
river bank
canoe travels at 2.5 m / s

38° relative to the water
water moving at 4.0 m / s
river bank
Fig. 3.1
The canoe travels at 2.5 m / s relative to the water and heads at an angle of 38° to the river
bank.
Draw a scale diagram to determine the canoe’s resultant velocity and state the scale you
used.
scale ...............................................................
magnitude of resultant velocity ...............................................................
direction of resultant velocity (angle from the river bank) ...............................................................

[4]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/M/J/22

5
(b) The mass of the canoeist is 65 kg.
Calculate her kinetic energy when travelling on still water at 2.5 m / s.
energy = ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 6]

6
4 (a) State and explain the two features of a liquid-in-glass thermometer that are necessary for
linearity.
statement 1 ...............................................................................................................................
explanation ...............................................................................................................................
statement 2 ...............................................................................................................................
explanation ...............................................................................................................................
[4]
(b) The value of the heat capacity of the hot junction of a thermocouple thermometer is important
in ensuring that it can measure temperature changes very rapidly.
Explain why.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) The hot junction of a thermocouple thermometer has a heat capacity of 0.11 J / °C.
Calculate the thermal energy required to increase the temperature of the hot junction from
20 °C to 345 °C.
energy = ......................................................... [3]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/M/J/22

7
5 Sound waves are longitudinal and electromagnetic waves are transverse.
(a) A sound wave used for a medical examination has a frequency of 1.5 MHz.
(i) State and explain what type of sound wave this is.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) The wave travels through soft human tissue at a speed of 1.3 km / s.
Calculate the wavelength of the wave in soft human tissue.
wavelength = ......................................................... [3]
(b) Describe one use of X-rays in medicine.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 7]

8
6 Fig. 6.1 is a full-size ray diagram showing the formation of an image by a thin glass lens.
Fig. 6.1 (full size)
(a) Determine the focal length of the lens.
focal length = ......................................................... [1]
(b) Circle three items in the list which describe the nature of the image formed.
enlarged same size diminished inverted
upright real virtual [3]
(c) State one feature of a virtual image.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 5]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/M/J/22

9
BLANK PAGE

10
7 Fig. 7.1 shows a small plotting compass which is aligned with the magnetic field between magnetic
poles A and B of a U-shaped magnet.
A S N B
Fig. 7.1
(a) State the polarity of the poles.
pole A ........................................................................................................................................
pole B .......................................................................................................................................
[1]
(b) Fig. 7.2 shows a wire, placed between two poles, carrying a current in the direction of the
arrow.
Fig. 7.2
On Fig. 7.2, draw an arrow to show the direction of the force on the wire due to the magnetic
field. [2]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/M/J/22

11
(c) Fig. 7.3 shows a β-particle moving in the direction of the arrow between the same two poles.
S
β-particle
N
direction of travel of β-particle
when in the position shown
Fig. 7.3
On Fig. 7.3, draw an arrow to show the direction of the force on the β-particle due to the
magnetic field. [2]
[Total: 5]

12
8 Fig. 8.1 shows how the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of a 60 Hz alternating current (a.c.) power
supply varies with time.
e.m.f.
0
0 time
time period
Fig. 8.1
(a) Calculate the time period of the a.c.
time period = ......................................................... [1]
(b) Fig. 8.2 shows this power supply connected in a circuit.
A B C
Fig. 8.2
(i) State the name of component A.
.......................................................... [1]
(ii) In each time period of the a.c., 1.5 × 1017 electrons pass through component A. The
charge on an electron is 1.6 × 10–19 C.
Calculate the average current in the circuit during one time period.
current = ......................................................... [3]

© UCLES 2022 0625/42/M/J/22
13
(c) On Fig. 8.3:
1. mark, with an arrow labelled E, the direction of the electron flow through component B
2. mark, with an arrow labelled I, the direction of the conventional current in component C.
A B C
Fig. 8.3
[2]
(d) Fig. 8.4 shows a circuit with components B and C connected to a direct current (d.c.) power
supply of e.m.f. 12 V.
B C
Fig. 8.4
The current in the circuit is 0.35 A.
Calculate the power delivered by the power supply to the circuit.
power = ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 9]

14
9 Fig. 9.1 shows a circuit with a 3-position switch.
12 V
C
B
X
Y
A
Fig. 9.1
The moving part of the switch is always connected to point Y around which it pivots. The other end
of the moving part, labelled X, can be connected to one of the points A, B or C.
(a) The resistance of the motor is 2.0 Ω and the resistance of the resistor is 3.0 Ω.
Determine the current in the motor when the switch is connected to:
(i) point A
current = ......................................................... [1]
(ii) point B
current = ......................................................... [2]
(iii) point C.
current = ......................................................... [2]
(b) Two resistors of resistance 2.0 Ω and 3.0 Ω are connected in parallel.
Calculate the combined resistance of the resistors in this arrangement.
resistance = ......................................................... [3]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/M/J/22
15
10 Fig. 10.1 is a simplified diagram of a digital circuit. The output of logic gate Y controls a buzzer.
logic gate X
input
A
input
B
logic gate Y
Fig. 10.1
(a) Complete Table 10.1, the truth table for the circuit.
Table 10.1
input A input B output of X output of Y
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
[3]
(b) Input A is the output of a humidity sensor which gives logic 1 when the humidity is high and
logic 0 when the humidity is low.
Input B is the output of a light sensor which gives logic 1 in bright light and logic 0 in darkness.
The buzzer sounds when the output of Y is logic 1.
State the conditions of humidity and light when the buzzer is on.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) The output of the digital circuit alone is not able to operate the buzzer.
Ring the component from the list that must be connected between the output of the digital
circuit and the buzzer.
fuse heater relay resistor thermistor
Explain your answer.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 7]
16
11 (a) Fig. 11.1 shows the paths of three α-particles moving towards a thin gold foil. Four gold nuclei
are shown.
gold nuclei
paths of
α-particles
(i) On Fig. 11.1, complete the paths of the three α-particles. [3]
(ii) State the sign of the charge on the α-particles.
.......................................................... [1]
198
(b) The nuclide notation for a nucleus of gold-198 is
79
Au.
State the numbers of electrons, neutrons and protons in a neutral atom of gold-198.
number of electrons = .............................
number of neutrons = .............................
number of protons = ...............................

[3]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/M/J/22

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 5 1 9 7 8 4 2 8 8 5 *
PHYSICS 0625/42
1 hour 15 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS
INFORMATION
DC (NF/CGW) 302381/2
2
1 A ball rolls down a ramp and onto a horizontal surface. The first section of the horizontal surface is
smooth. The second section of the horizontal surface is rough. Fig. 1.1 shows a speed–time graph
for the ball.
14.0
speed
m/s
12.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0
time / s
Fig. 1.1
(a) State the time when the ball reaches the start of the rough section of the horizontal surface.
time = ..................................................... [1]
(b) Explain how Fig. 1.1 shows that there is no resultant force on the ball when it rolls along the
smooth section of the horizontal surface.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/F/M/22

3
(c) Using Fig. 1.1, determine the acceleration of the ball as it rolls down the ramp.
acceleration = ..................................................... [3]
(d) The ball starts from rest at the top of the ramp.
Show that the length of the ramp is 9.6 m.
[2]
[Total: 8]

4
2 Fig. 2.1 shows a spring balance used to measure the weight of a baby. The spring inside the
balance extends when a mass is suspended from it. The dial shows the extension of spring as a
value of mass in kg.
dial
cradle with
negligible mass
Fig. 2.1
The spring obeys Hooke’s law up to a weight of 175 N.
(a) (i) State Hooke’s law.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) State the relationship between the mass of the baby and the force exerted on the spring
due to the baby.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) The reading on the spring balance is 8.0 kg.
Determine the force exerted on the spring due to the baby.
force = ..................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/F/M/22

5
(b) The limit of proportionality for the spring is at a force of 175 N.
Sketch the extension–load graph for the spring. The sketch must continue beyond a force of
175 N.
extension
0
0 175 load / N
[2]
(c) The baby is carried from the ground floor to the bedroom. The vertical height of the bedroom
above the ground floor is 3.5 m.
Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy of the baby when it is carried from the
ground floor to the bedroom.
change in gravitational potential energy = ..................................................... [2]
[Total: 7]

6
3 Fig. 3.1 and Fig. 3.2 show how a puddle of water changes on a warm windy day.
puddle of
water puddle of water
three hours later
solid road
surface
Fig. 3.1 Fig. 3.2
(a) Describe the process by which the volume of water in the puddle decreases.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) State and explain one change in the weather that would cause the volume of water in the
puddle to decrease more slowly.
statement ..................................................................................................................................
explanation ...............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) Explain, in terms of molecules, how sweating helps to cool your body on a hot day.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/F/M/22

7
4 (a) A sample of sand has a volume of 0.050 m3. The density of the sand is 1900 kg / m3. The
specific heat capacity of the sand is 1500 J / (kg °C).
(i) Calculate the mass of the sample of sand.
mass = ..................................................... [2]
(ii) Calculate the thermal capacity of the sample of sand.
thermal capacity = ..................................................... [2]
(iii) The initial temperature of the sample of sand is 7.0 °C. The sample of sand is heated
using an electrical heater. The power of the heating element is 50 W.
Calculate the time taken to increase the temperature of the sand to 19.0 °C.
time = ..................................................... [3]
(b) In some countries, the soil is too cold for plants to grow well. In these countries, plants are
grown in plastic pots and kept inside. The pots, containing soil, are placed on sand. The sand
is heated using an electrical heater, as shown in Fig. 4.1.
plant
soil
plastic sand
plant pot
heating element in sand
Fig. 4.1
(i) Describe, in terms of molecules, how thermal energy is transferred from the heated sand
through the base of the plastic pot.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
8
(ii) The heating element in Fig. 4.1 remains switched on. The temperature of the sand
remains constant at a value above room temperature.
Explain why the temperature of the sand remains constant.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 11]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/F/M/22

9
5 A boy looks at the image of a clock in a plane mirror. Fig. 5.1 shows the mirror, the clock and the
position of one of the boy’s eyes.
mirror
boy’s eye
clock
Fig. 5.1
(a) (i) On Fig. 5.1, draw a ray of light from the clock, reflected to the boy’s eye. [2]
(ii) On Fig. 5.1, mark with an X the position of the image of the clock. [1]
(iii) State whether the image formed by the mirror is virtual or real.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iv) Fig. 5.2 shows the image of the clock seen by the boy.
Fig. 5.2
The boy now looks directly at the clock.
On Fig. 5.3, draw what the boy sees.
Fig. 5.3
[1]
10
(b) (i) The clock is illuminated by a source of monochromatic green light.
State the meaning of monochromatic.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) The green light has a wavelength of 5.6 × 10–7 m.
Calculate the frequency of this green light.
frequency = ..................................................... [3]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/F/M/22

11
6 Fig. 6.1 shows two bar magnets.
N S
Fig. 6.1
(a) On Fig. 6.1, sketch the pattern and the direction of the magnetic field lines between the bar
magnets. [2]
(b) Fig. 6.2 shows the same bar magnets with a coil of wire between them.
direction of
rotation handle
N S
galvanometer
A
Fig. 6.2
(i) Name the parts labelled A in Fig. 6.2.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) The coil of wire is rotated in the direction shown in Fig. 6.2.
On Fig. 6.2, draw an arrow to show the direction of the current in the coil. Explain your
answer.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) Explain how rotating the coil in Fig. 6.2 continuously causes the galvanometer needle to
show an alternating current.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [4]
[Total: 9]
12
7 Fig. 7.1 shows a circuit including a 12 V battery and two identical lamps.
A
Q
Fig. 7.1
(a) The 12 V battery consists of cells connected in series. Each cell in the battery has an
electromotive force (e.m.f.) of 1.5 V.
Determine how many cells are in the battery.
number of cells = ..................................................... [1]
(b) (i) When the switch is closed, the ammeter reading is 2.4 A.
Calculate the total resistance of the circuit.
resistance = ..................................................... [2]
(ii) Each lamp has a resistance of 3.0 Ω.
Calculate the resistance of Q.
resistance of Q = ..................................................... [2]
(c) (i) On Fig. 7.1, draw the symbol for a voltmeter that measures the potential difference (p.d.)
across the two lamps. [1]
(ii) Calculate the power supplied to one lamp.
power = ..................................................... [3]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/F/M/22
13
8 A radio is connected to the mains supply using a step-down transformer.
(a) Draw a labelled diagram of the structure of a basic step-down transformer.
[3]
(b) Explain the operation of a basic transformer.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(c) The voltage of the mains supply is 230 V. The output voltage of the transformer is 6.0 V.
Ns
Calculate the value of the turns ratio ( ). Give your answer to two significant figures.
Np
value of turns ratio = ..................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]

14
9 Fig. 9.1 shows a digital circuit.
A C D
B
Fig. 9.1
(a) (i) Explain what is meant by digital.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Table 9.1 is a truth table for the digital circuit shown in Fig. 9.1.
Complete the columns C and D in Table 9.1.
Table 9.1
A B C D
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
[2]
(b) State the single logic gate that would produce the same output D from inputs A and B.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 4]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/F/M/22

15
10 The isotope americium-241 is represented by
241 Am.
95
This isotope decays by an α-emission to an isotope of neptunium (Np).
(a) Complete the nuclide equation for this decay.
........ ........
241 Am
........Np ........α
+
95
[3]
(b) Fig. 10.1 shows a simple diagram of a smoke detector. The smoke detector contains a
small sample of americium-241. This isotope ionises the air between the metal plates in the
detector.
detector circuit
radioactive
source
metal plates
air flow
Fig. 10.1
(i) Describe how the americium-241 ionises air.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) Suggest and explain two reasons why smoke detectors use an isotope that emits
α-particles rather than an isotope that emits γ-radiation.
1. .......................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2. .......................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/F/M/22
16
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2022 0625/42/F/M/22

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 7 4 3 2 6 2 7 0 7 5 *
PHYSICS 0625/42
1 hour 15 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS
INFORMATION
DC (NF/SG) 214505/2
2
1 Fig. 1.1 shows a space rocket accelerating away from a launch pad.
Fig. 1.1
Fig. 1.2 is a speed–time graph for the first 30 s of the rocket’s flight.
2000
speed
m/s
1500
1000
500
0
0 10 20 30
time / s
Fig. 1.2
(a) Describe how the acceleration of the rocket changes between time = 10 s and time = 30 s.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/O/N/21

3
(b) By drawing a tangent to the graph, determine the acceleration of the rocket at time = 25 s.
acceleration = ........................................................ [2]
(c) Determine the distance travelled by the rocket between time = 0 and time = 10 s.
distance = ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 5]

4
2 (a) State Hooke’s law.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Fig. 2.1 shows the extension–load graph for a spring.
200
extension / mm
100
0
0 10 20 30
load / N
Fig. 2.1
(i) On Fig. 2.1, mark and label the region where the spring obeys Hooke’s law. [1]
(ii) Calculate the spring constant k.
k = ........................................................ [2]
(iii) The original length of the spring is 120 mm.
Calculate the length of the spring when a load of 8.5 N is applied to the spring.
length = ........................................................ [2]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/O/N/21

5
(c) The weight of an object is 4.0 N on a planet where the acceleration of free fall is 8.7 m / s2.
Calculate the mass of the object.
mass = ........................................................ [2]
[Total: 8]

6
3 Fig. 3.1 shows a collision at very slow speed between two cars travelling along a straight road.
car B
car A
Fig. 3.1
Car B, of mass 800 kg, is moving at 2.0 m / s and collides with car A, of mass 1000 kg, which is
stationary. After the collision, both cars travel in the same direction as the initial direction of car B.
(a) After the collision, car A moves at 1.3 m / s.
Show that the speed of car B after the collision is approximately 0.4 m / s.
[3]
(b) (i) Calculate the impulse exerted by car A on car B.
impulse = ........................................................ [2]
(ii) State the impulse exerted by car B on car A.
impulse = ........................................................ [1]
[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/O/N/21

7
4 (a) A power station uses wind energy to generate electricity.
State and explain whether this method of generating electricity is renewable.
statement ..................................................................................................................................
explanation ...............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) State two energy resources that do not have the Sun as their source.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) For each energy resource, state the form of energy stored in:
fossil fuels .................................................................................................................................
water behind hydroelectric dams. .............................................................................................

[2]
[Total: 6]

8
5 (a) A thermocouple thermometer is used to determine the temperature difference between a

mixture of ice and water and liquid mercury at approximately 600 °C.
Complete Fig. 5.1 with a labelled diagram to show how the thermocouple thermometer can
be used in this way.
mixture of liquid mercury

ice and water at approximately
600 °C
Fig. 5.1
[3]
(b) State two other physical properties that can be used to measure temperature.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) State two benefits of using a thermocouple thermometer instead of a liquid-in-glass

thermometer.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/O/N/21

9
6 Fig. 6.1 shows particles of a material in which a sound wave is travelling.
(a) On Fig. 6.1, mark:
(i) the centre of a compression with the letter C [1]
(ii) the centre of a rarefaction with the letter R [1]
(iii) one wavelength with a double-ended arrow. [1]
(b) Circle one value from the list which is the speed of sound in water.
15 m / s 150 m / s 1500 m / s 15 000 m / s 150 000 m / s 1 500 000 m / s [1]
(c) The wavelength of a sound wave in water is 12 cm.
Calculate the frequency of this sound wave using your value from (b).
frequency = ........................................................ [3]
(d) State and explain whether the sound in (c) is ultrasound.
statement ..................................................................................................................................
explanation ...............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 9]

10
7 Fig. 7.1 shows a ray of light approaching face AB of a glass prism of refractive index 1.5.
ray of
light
B C
Fig. 7.1
(a) (i) On Fig. 7.1, accurately draw the path of the ray within the prism from face AB to face AC.
You will need to make a measurement from Fig. 7.1 and carry out a calculation.
[4]
(ii) Determine the angle of incidence of this ray when it strikes face AC.
angle = ........................................................ [1]
(b) Without further measurement or calculation, sketch on Fig. 7.1 the approximate path of the
ray after passing through the face AC. [1]
(c) Fig. 7.2 shows a ray of light travelling within an optical fibre.
ray of
light
optical fibre
X
Fig. 7.2
(i) Complete the path of the ray of light to the left-hand end of the fibre. [2]
(ii) Name the process taking place at X. .......................................................................... [1]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/O/N/21
11
8 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows a conducting object A, initially uncharged, held on an insulating stand. The
positively charged rod B is brought close to object A.
charged rod B + conducting

+ object A
+
+
+ insulating stand
Fig. 8.1
(i) On Fig. 8.1, draw the distribution of charges on object A. [2]
(ii) A wire is connected from object A to earth.
State and explain any movement of charge.
statement ..........................................................................................................................
explanation ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) There is a current in a wire of 0.65 mA for 2.2 minutes.
Calculate the charge that flows.
charge = ........................................................ [3]
[Total: 7]

12
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/O/N/21

13
9 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows a cell of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 1.5 V and a battery of e.m.f. 6.0 V
connected in series.
1.5 V 6.0 V
Fig. 9.1
Calculate the combined e.m.f. of the cell and the battery.
e.m.f. = ........................................................ [1]
(b) The combined resistance of the three resistors shown in Fig. 9.2 is 4.4 Ω.
2.0 Ω
I R
3.0 Ω
Fig. 9.2
(i) Calculate the resistance of resistor R.
resistance = ........................................................ [3]
(ii) The current I in Fig. 9.2 is 0.94 A.
Calculate the potential difference (p.d.) across the combination of resistors.
p.d. = ........................................................ [2]
[Total: 6]

14
10 (a) Name the logic gate shown in Fig. 10.1. ..............................................................
Fig. 10.1
[1]
(b) Fig. 10.2 shows a combination of logic gates.
input I output O
Fig. 10.2
Complete the right-hand column of Table 10.1, the truth table for the combination of logic
gates. You may use the blank column for your working.
Table 10.1
input I output O
1
[2]
(c) An electrical device has a metal case.
Explain the benefit of earthing the metal case.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(d) (i) Explain how a fuse protects a circuit.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/O/N/21

15
(ii) The current in an electric kettle connected to the mains through a fuse is 10 A.
Fuses with the following ratings are available.
3A 9A 10 A 13 A 30 A
Circle the correct fuse rating for this appliance and explain your answer.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 9]

16
11 (a) Describe the composition and structure of a neutral atom of beryllium-8, which has a proton
number of 4 and a nucleon number of 8.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [4]
(b) A radioactive isotope decays by β-emission to form an isotope of barium with nucleon
number 135.
Table 11.1
element symbol proton number

iodine I 53
xenon Xe 54
caesium Cs 55
barium Ba 56
lanthanum La 57
cerium Ce 58
praseodymium Pr 59
Use data from Table 11.1 to write down the nuclide equation for this decay.
[4]
[Total: 8]
Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/O/N/21

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 3 8 7 2 9 6 7 8 8 0 *
PHYSICS 0625/42
1 hour 15 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS
INFORMATION
This document has 16 pages.
DC (ST/JG) 198540/2
2
1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows a sealed weather balloon which is stationary in still air.
weather
balloon
instruments
Fig. 1.1
State whether the overall density of the balloon and its instruments is greater than, less than,
or the same as the density of the surrounding air.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) At night, the gas inside the balloon cools. The pressure of the air outside the balloon remains
the same.
(i) State whether the balloon rises, falls or remains stationary.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain your answer.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/M/J/21

3
(c) An object is released from the balloon. It starts at rest and eventually reaches a constant
speed.
(i) On the axes of Fig. 1.2, sketch a speed–time graph to show this motion.
speed
0
0 time
Fig. 1.2
[3]
(ii) State the values of the initial acceleration and the final acceleration of the object.
initial acceleration ..............................................................................................................
final acceleration ...............................................................................................................

[2]
[Total: 9]

4
2 (a) Define the moment of a force.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Fig. 2.1 shows an object of negligible weight. The object is in equilibrium.
rope
object pulley
20 cm
pivot P
50 kg
mass
12 cm
force F
Fig. 2.1
The object is free to rotate about its pivot P.
Calculate the value of force F.
F = ......................................................... [2]
(c) Describe an experiment involving vertical forces to show that there is no net moment on an
object in equilibrium. You may draw a diagram in the space provided.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/M/J/21
5
3 Fig. 3.1 shows water flowing at very slow speed over a cliff edge.
water
cliff edge
15 m
rocks
Fig. 3.1
The water falls 15 m onto the rocks below.
(a) Show that the velocity of the water when it strikes the rocks is 17 m / s.
[4]
(b) 30 kg of water flows over the cliff edge every second.
Calculate the force exerted by the rocks on the falling water. Ignore any splashing.
force = ......................................................... [3]
[Total: 7]

6
4 (a) Pollen particles are mixed into a liquid. They are seen to move when observed through a
microscope.
(i) Describe this movement.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Explain this movement in terms of the molecules of the liquid and the pollen particles.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(b) (i) Medical professionals sometimes rub ethanol over the skin of a patient. Ethanol
evaporates readily at room temperature and has a high specific latent heat of vaporisation.
State whether the patient experiences heating, cooling or neither at the site where the
ethanol is applied. Explain your answer.
statement ..........................................................................................................................
explanation ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) State any effect on the rate of evaporation of ethanol when a fan blows air over the
patient’s skin.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/M/J/21

7
5 (a) A machine delivers a hot drink in a plastic cup, which is uncomfortably hot to hold.
Fig. 5.1 shows the cup with the hot drink.
hot drink
plastic cup
Fig. 5.1
Fig. 5.2a shows the cup with the hot drink and a holder for the sides of the cup.
Fig. 5.2b shows a cross-section through the holder. The holder is made from two strong paper
cylinders separated by a wavy piece of strong paper to make air gaps.
hot drink
plastic cup holder
holder
Fig. 5.2a Fig. 5.2b
Explain how using the holder makes it more comfortable to hold the cup.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) A student carries out experiments on the cooling of the hot drink described in (a), with and
without the holder in place. He finds that the holder only reduces the rate of cooling slightly.
Suggest and explain another action that reduces the rate of cooling more effectively.
suggestion ................................................................................................................................
explanation ...............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(c) State the method of thermal energy transfer from a star through the vacuum of space.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 7]

8
6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows a ray of green light passing through a prism.
prism
ray of
green light
Fig. 6.1
A ray of blue light is directed towards the prism on the same path as the ray of green light.
On Fig. 6.1, draw the path of the blue light through and out of the prism. [3]
(b) The wavelength of the blue light in air is 4.8 × 10–7 m.
Calculate the frequency of the blue light.
frequency = ......................................................... [3]
[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/M/J/21

9
7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows two magnets and the gap between the N pole of one magnet and the S pole of
the other magnet.
Fig. 7.1
On Fig. 7.1, draw three lines to show the pattern and direction of the magnetic field in the
gap. [2]
(b) (i) Fig. 7.2 is a repeat of Fig. 7.1 showing the two magnets.
On Fig. 7.2, draw the position of a plotting compass needle when it comes to rest in the
gap between the N pole and the S pole.
Fig. 7.2 [1]
(ii) Explain why the needle comes to rest in this position.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Describe a method of demagnetising a bar magnet.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 7]
10
8 (a) Two identical radioactive sources emit α-particles and γ-rays into two vacuum tubes.
(i) Fig. 8.1 shows two electrically charged plates on either side of one of the vacuum tubes.
plate at +2500 V
vacuum
source
initial path of
beam of α-particles
and γ-rays
plate at –2500 V
Fig. 8.1
Write the symbol α once in Table 8.1 to indicate any deflection of the α-particles.
Write the symbol γ once in Table 8.1 to indicate any deflection of the γ-rays.
Table 8.1
towards bottom of towards top of

into page out of page no deflection
page page
[2]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/M/J/21

11
(ii) Fig. 8.2 shows the poles of a very strong magnet on either side of the other vacuum
tube.
N pole of
strong magnet
vacuum
source N
initial path of
beam of α-particles S
and γ-rays
S pole of
strong magnet
Fig. 8.2
Write the symbol α once in Table 8.2 to indicate any deflection of the α-particles.
Write the symbol γ once in Table 8.2 to indicate any deflection of the γ-rays.
Table 8.2
towards bottom of towards top of

into page out of page no deflection
page page
[2]

12
(b) Fig. 8.3 shows a simple direct current (d.c.) electric motor with a split-ring commutator.
split-ring
brush
coil
N S
Fig. 8.3
(i) State and explain the direction of rotation of the coil as seen from point X.
statement ..........................................................................................................................
explanation ........................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) The coil rotates through 90° from the position shown.
State what happens to the moment in this position.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) The coil is rotated through 180° from the position shown. By considering the forces on
the coil, explain how the split-ring commutator enables the motor to turn continuously.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/M/J/21

13
9 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows a circuit.
M A
Fig. 9.1
On Fig. 9.1, draw two clearly labelled arrows to show the direction of the electron flow and
the direction of the conventional current in the circuit. [2]
(b) The current in the motor is 13 A. The charge on an electron is 1.6 × 10–19 C.
Calculate the number of electrons that pass through the motor every second.
number of electrons = ......................................................... [3]
[Total: 5]

14
10 (a) Fig. 10.1 shows the potential difference–current graph for a circuit component K.
10.0
8.0
potential difference / V
6.0
4.0
2.0
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
current / mA
Fig. 10.1
Calculate the resistance of component K when the current in it is 4.0 mA.
resistance = ......................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/M/J/21

15
(b) Fig. 10.2 shows a circuit containing component K.
component K
point X
resistor R
Fig. 10.2
At low temperature, component K has a much greater resistance than resistor R.
At high temperature, component K has a much smaller resistance than resistor R.
State and explain the effect on the lamp when the temperature changes from very low to very
high.
Refer to the voltage at point X in your explanation.
statement ..................................................................................................................................
explanation ...............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [4]
(c) State the name of component K.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 7]

16
11 (a) A student investigates a radioactive substance in a laboratory.
Fig. 11.1 is a graph showing the count rate detected as the substance decays for 7.5 minutes.
250
count rate
counts / min
200
150
100
50
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
time / min
Fig. 11.1
The background radiation is 20 counts / min.
(i) Determine the half-life of the substance.
half-life = ......................................................... [3]
(ii) Calculate the count rate detected at time = 9.6 minutes.
count rate = .......................................counts / min [2]
(b) The substance emits α-particles and γ-rays. The student suggests that it is safe to store the
substance in a plastic container of thickness 2 mm.
State and explain whether the student’s suggestion is correct.
statement ..................................................................................................................................
explanation ...............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/M/J/21

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 8 3 2 4 5 0 9 7 6 7 *
PHYSICS 0625/42
1 hour 15 minutes
[No additional materials are needed.]
INSTRUCTIONS
INFORMATION
DC (CJ/CGW) 203605/2
2
1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows a piece of glass of thickness 2.0 cm and area 0.15 m2.
The density of the glass is 2.6 × 103 kg / m3.
area 0.15 m2
thickness 2.0 cm
Calculate the weight of the piece of glass.
weight = ..................................................... [3]
(b) The piece of glass shown in Fig. 1.1 is used as the vertical viewing window of an aquarium.
The atmospheric pressure outside the aquarium is 1.0 × 105 Pa. The average pressure on
the inside of the aquarium window is 1.3 × 105 Pa.
Calculate the resultant force acting on the window due to these pressures and state the
direction in which it acts.
force = ...........................................................
direction of force ..............................................................

[4]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21

3
(c) Fig. 1.2 shows a vacuum pump connected to the top of a vertical tube with its lower end
immersed in a tank of liquid. The pump reduces the pressure above the column to zero and
the pressure at point X is 9.6 × 104 Pa.
vacuum
pump
point X
12 m
liquid
Calculate the density of the liquid.
density = ..................................................... [3]
[Total: 10]

4
2 (a) (i) State what is meant by the moment of a force about a point.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Fig. 2.1 shows a large crane on a construction site lifting a block of mass 14 000 kg.
operator’s cabin 20 m
A B
counterweight
block
Fig. 2.1
Calculate the moment about A due to the 14 000 kg block suspended from B.
moment = ..................................................... [2]
(b) (i) Speed is a scalar quantity and velocity is a vector quantity. State the difference between
a scalar quantity and a vector quantity.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Write down one other scalar quantity and one other vector quantity.
scalar quantity ...................................................................................................................
vector quantity ...................................................................................................................

[2]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21

5
(c) Fig. 2.2 shows two forces acting on an object.
60° 30 N
20 N
Draw a scale diagram to determine the resultant force acting on the object. State the scale
you use.
scale ..............................................................
magnitude of resultant force = ...........................................................
direction of resultant relative to the direction of the 20 N force = ...........................................................

[4]
[Total: 11]
6
3 A power station burns waste materials from farm crops to generate electricity.
(a) State and explain whether this process is renewable.
statement ..................................................................................................................................
explanation ...............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) The power station uses some of its waste thermal energy to heat water for houses in a nearby
town.
State one problem of using waste energy in this way if the power station is far from the town.
...................................................................................................................................................
Suggest a way of reducing this problem.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) State two environmental consequences of burning coal to generate electricity.
consequence 1. ........................................................................................................................
consequence 2. ........................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21

7
4 (a) In terms of the momentum of molecules, explain how a gas exerts pressure on the walls of its
container.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [4]
(b) A fixed mass of gas of volume V1 is at a pressure p1. It is compressed to a volume V2.
(i) Complete the equation for the final pressure p2 of the gas when the gas is compressed
at constant temperature.
p2 =
[2]
(ii) State and explain how the final pressure compares with p2 when the temperature of the
gas increases during compression.
statement ..........................................................................................................................
explanation ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 9]

8
5 (a) State the name of the reflection of a sound wave or ultrasound wave.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Fig. 5.1 shows an ultrasound wave being used to scan an internal organ of a human body.
ultrasound transmitter
and receiver
internal organ
ultrasound
wave
Fig. 5.1
The ultrasound wave has a frequency of 2.0 MHz and passes through human tissue at a
speed of 1500 m / s.
Calculate the wavelength of the ultrasound wave in human tissue.
wavelength = ..................................................... [3]
(c) Fig. 5.2 shows crests of a wave from a point source S approaching a straight barrier.
straight barrier
S
Fig. 5.2
(i) On Fig. 5.2, indicate and label one wavelength.
(ii) On Fig. 5.2, draw three crests of the wave reflected from the barrier.
[3]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21
9
6 (a) Fig. 6.1 is a full scale diagram showing a converging lens, the two principal focuses F1 and F2
and an object PO.
F1 P F2
Fig. 6.1
On Fig. 6.1, draw two rays from point O of the object to determine the position of the image.
Label the image IJ. Measure the length of the image.
image length = ...........................................................

[3]
(b) Ring three descriptions of the image.
diminished magnified real same size
same way up as object upside down compared to object virtual [3]

10
(c) Fig. 6.2 shows three rays of green light passing through glass blocks.
ray of green light
glass blocks
Fig. 6.2
Three rays of red light approach the glass blocks on the same paths as the rays of green
light.
On Fig. 6.2, draw the paths of these rays of red light to the right of the glass blocks. [2]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21

11
7 Fig. 7.1 shows a horizontal conducting wire XY between two opposite magnetic poles. Wire XY
forms a circuit with an ammeter.
wire
N X
S
A
Fig. 7.1
(a) Explain why the reading on the ammeter is zero when the wire XY is not moving.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) The wire XY is moved and there is a deflection on the ammeter that indicates there is a
current in the wire from X to Y.
On Table 7.1, tick one box to indicate the direction of the movement of the wire XY and
explain your answer.
Table 7.1
into page out of page to the left to the right to the bottom to the top of
of the page the page
explanation ...............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(c) State what is observed on the ammeter when the wire XY is moved
(i) in the opposite direction to part (b) ............................................................................... [1]
(ii) in the same direction as part (b) but at a greater speed ............................................... [1]
[Total: 6]

12
8 (a) Define electromotive force (e.m.f.).
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Fig. 8.1 shows a source E of e.m.f. 60 V in a circuit.
10 Ω
Fig. 8.1
The heater H has a resistance of 22.5 Ω and the potential difference (p.d.) across it is 45 V.
Calculate:
(i) the power of the heater
power = ..................................................... [3]
(ii) the p.d. across resistor X
p.d. = ..................................................... [2]
(iii) the current in the 10 Ω resistor.
current = ..................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21

13
9 (a) Write down the truth table for an OR gate.
[2]
(b) Draw the symbol for a NOR gate.
[1]
(c) Fig. 9.1 shows a digital circuit designed to produce the values shown in Table 9.1 for the
output S from the two inputs P and Q.
P gate X
S
Q R
Fig. 9.1
(i) Table 9.1 is the truth table for the circuit shown in Fig. 9.1.
Table 9.1
P Q R S
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
Complete the column for point R in Table 9.1. [1]
(ii) State which type of gate is used for gate X. Explain your answer.
statement ..........................................................................................................................
explanation ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 7]
14
10 (a) State the proton number, nucleon number and the value of the charge on an α-particle.
proton number ..........................................................................................................................
nucleon number ........................................................................................................................
charge .......................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) A nucleus of strontium-90 consists of 38 protons and 52 neutrons. Strontium-90 is radioactive

and decays by β-emission to an isotope of yttrium. The symbol for strontium is Sr and the
symbol for yttrium is Y. Write down the nuclide equation of this decay.
[3]
(c) The half-life of radon-220 is 56 s. A sample of radon-220 is in a container. After 112 s the mass
of radon-220 is 9.2 mg.
Calculate the mass of the original sample.
mass = ..................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21

15
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21

16
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2021 0625/42/F/M/21

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 0 8 0 7 6 7 8 9 1 0 *
PHYSICS 0625/42
1 hour 15 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS
INFORMATION
This document has 16 pages. Blank pages are indicated.
DC (CJ/CGW) 196149/3
2
1 A sky-diver jumps out of a hot-air balloon, which is 4000 m above the ground. At time = 30 s, she
opens her parachute.
Fig. 1.1 is the speed-time graph of her fall.
60
speed
m/s
40
20
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
4.0
time / s
Fig. 1.1
(a) (i) Label with the letter X the point on the graph where the sky-diver opens her parachute.
[1]
(ii) Label with the letters Y and Z the two parts of the graph where the sky-diver falls at
terminal velocity. [1]
(b) Describe, in terms of the forces acting on the sky-diver, her motion between leaving the
balloon and opening her parachute.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [4]
(c) Calculate the average speed of the sky-diver in the first 4.0 s of her fall.
average speed = ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/O/N/20
3
2 (a) Define the moment of a force about a point.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Fig. 2.1 shows a uniform rod of wood suspended from a pivot.
0.25 m
pivot
34°
centre of mass
0.75 m
rod of wood
W
F
The rod is held stationary by a horizontal force F acting as shown.

The mass of the rod is 0.080 kg.
Calculate:
(i) the weight W of the rod
weight = .......................................................... [1]
(ii) the moment of W about the pivot
moment = .......................................................... [2]
(iii) the moment of F about the pivot
moment = .......................................................... [1]
(iv) the force F.
force = .......................................................... [2]

4
(c) The angle between the rod and the vertical is increased.
State whether the force F needed to hold the rod stationary must be increased, decreased or
stay the same.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/O/N/20

5
3 The kinetic energy of air passing through a wind turbine every minute is 720 000 J. The electrical
output of the turbine is 9.0 A at a potential difference (p.d.) of 240 V.
Calculate the efficiency (%) of the wind turbine.
efficiency = ...................................................... % [5]

6
4 Fig. 4.1 shows a thermometer.
wire of V wire of
material A material A
ice
cubes
wire of
material B
water at 0 °C water at 100 °C
Fig. 4.1
The voltmeter reading is 5.4 mV.
(a) State the name of this type of thermometer.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Fig. 4.2 shows the same thermometer used to measure the temperature of liquid X.
liquid X
water at 20 °C
Fig. 4.2
With the setup in Fig. 4.2, the voltmeter reading is 1.7 mV.
Calculate the temperature of liquid X measured by the thermometer.
temperature = ......................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/O/N/20

7
(c) Suggest an application for which this type of thermometer is more suitable than a liquid-in-
glass thermometer.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 4]

8
5 (a) (i) Define specific latent heat.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Explain the melting of a solid in terms of molecules and energy.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) An electrical heater is used to heat a liquid to its boiling point. Fig. 5.1 shows the apparatus.
connecting
liquid
wires
heater element container
balance 3800 g
Fig. 5.1
When the liquid is boiling, the heater supplies 1.26 MJ of thermal energy. The mass reading
shown on the balance decreases from 3800 g to 2300 g.
Calculate the specific latent heat of vaporisation of the liquid.
specific latent heat = ......................................................... [3]
(c) State and explain a precaution to improve the accuracy of the value of specific latent heat
calculated in (b).
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/O/N/20
9
6 Fig. 6.1 shows a transverse wave produced in a string.
string
Fig. 6.1 (full size)
(a) On Fig. 6.1:
(i) draw labelled lines to show
1. the amplitude of the wave
2. the wavelength of the wave

[2]
(ii) label a trough with the letter T. [1]
(b) A person vibrates one end of the string vertically to produce the wave. He makes 15 complete
oscillations in 60 s.
Show that the speed of the wave is 2.0 cm / s.
[3]
(c) State the difference between transverse waves and longitudinal waves. Use your ideas about
the direction of oscillations.
transverse waves ......................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
longitudinal waves ....................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 8]

10
7 Fig. 7.1 shows a ray of light passing through an optical fibre.
i Q
Fig. 7.1
The optical fibre is made of glass that has a refractive index of 1.4.
(a) (i) No light refracts from the fibre at points P and Q.
State the name of the process that occurs at P and Q.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Calculate the minimum value of angle i for there to be no refraction at point P.
angle = .......................................................... [2]
(b) State and explain the use of optical fibres in medicine.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(c) The ray of light shown in Fig. 7.1 is monochromatic light from a laser.
State what is meant by monochromatic light. Use one of the following quantities in your answer.
amplitude brightness frequency refractive index speed
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/O/N/20

11
8 (a) State and explain why electrical sockets and plugs used outside in a garden need to be
different from those that can be used safely in a room inside a house.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) State and explain why fuses and circuit breakers are installed in electrical circuits connected
to the mains supply.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 4]

12
9 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows a bar magnet and four plotting compasses A, B, C and D.
C A
bar magnet
Fig. 9.1
On Fig. 9.1:
(i) draw an arrow on each of the three plotting compasses B, C and D to show the direction
of the magnetic field [2]
(ii) label the magnetic poles of the bar magnet N and S. [1]
(b) Describe one method for demagnetising a bar magnet.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/O/N/20

13
(c) Fig. 9.2 represents a current in a wire. The current is into the plane of the paper.
(i) Draw the pattern of the magnetic field produced around the wire. Show clearly the
direction of the magnetic field.
Fig. 9.2
[2]
(ii) The direction of the current in the wire is reversed. The magnitude of the current is
unchanged.
State the effect that reversing the current has on the magnetic field produced.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 8]

14
10 Fig. 10.1 shows an incomplete electrical circuit.
2.0 Ω C D
A B 6.0 Ω
E F
4.0 Ω
Fig. 10.1
(a) (i) A student completes the circuit and measures the current in the 6.0 Ω resistor.
On Fig. 10.1, draw an ammeter symbol in one gap and straight lines to indicate wires in
the other gaps to show how the student should do this. [1]
(ii) A voltmeter is connected to measure the potential difference (p.d.) across the 4.0 Ω
resistor.
On Fig. 10.1, draw a voltmeter symbol connected in the correct position. [2]
(iii) With the circuit completed, the current in the 2.0 Ω resistor is 2.5 A.
Calculate the current in the 6.0 Ω resistor.
current = ......................................................... [4]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/O/N/20

15
(b) Fig. 10.2 shows the same electrical circuit with an alternating current (a.c.) power supply and
a wire in the gap AB.
2.0 Ω C D
A B 6.0 Ω
E F
4.0 Ω
Fig. 10.2
On Fig. 10.2, draw a diode symbol in one gap and a straight line to indicate a wire in the other
gap so that there is a current from right to left in the 4.0 Ω resistor and an alternating current
in the 2.0 Ω resistor. [2]
[Total: 9]

16
11 (a) State two differences between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Radioactive tracers emitting γ-rays can be used in medicine. The half-life of the source of
these γ-rays is 6 hours.
(i) Explain why a source of γ-rays used in this way should not have a half-life shorter or
longer than about 6 hours.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Technetium-99 is a source of γ-rays often used as a radioactive tracer. It is produced

from molybdenum-99 which emits β-particles. The symbol for technetium is Tc and the
symbol for molybdenum is Mo.
Complete the nuclide equation for this decay.
99
..... .....
42 Mo ..... Tc + ..... β
[3]
(iii) Technetium-99 is a radioactive nuclide.
State another use of radioactive nuclides in medicine.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/O/N/20

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 5 1 2 0 4 7 0 8 0 0 *
PHYSICS 0625/42
1 hour 15 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS
INFORMATION
DC (ST/CT) 194263/3
2
1 Fig. 1.1 shows the speed–time graph of a person on a journey.
On the journey, he walks and then waits for a bus. He then travels by bus. He gets off the bus and
waits for two minutes. He then walks again. His journey takes 74 minutes.
50
speed
km / h
40
30
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
time / min
Fig. 1.1
(a) For the whole journey calculate:
(i) the distance travelled
distance = ......................................................... [3]
(ii) the average speed.
average speed = ......................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/M/J/20

3
(b) State and explain which feature of a speed–time graph shows acceleration.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) State and explain the acceleration of the person at time = 40 minutes.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 9]

4
2 Fig. 2.1 shows a train.
Fig. 2.1
The total mass of the train and its passengers is 750 000 kg. The train is travelling at a speed of
84 m / s. The driver applies the brakes and the train takes 80 s to slow down to a speed of 42 m / s.
(a) Calculate the impulse applied to the train as it slows down.
impulse = ......................................................... [3]
(b) Calculate the average resultant force applied to the train as it slows down.
force = ......................................................... [2]
(c) Suggest how the shape of the train helps it to travel at high speeds.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(d) The train took 80 s to reduce its speed from 84 m / s to 42 m / s. Explain why, with the same
braking force, the train takes more than 80 s to reduce its speed from 42 m / s to zero.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(e) On a wet day, the train travels a greater distance before it stops along the same track. The
train has the same speed of 84 m / s before the brakes are applied.
Suggest a reason for this.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/M/J/20
5
3 (a) A solar panel receives energy from the Sun at a rate of 5.0 kW.
Thermal energy is transferred from the solar panel to water with an efficiency of 20%.
Cold water of mass 15 kg enters the solar panel every hour.
The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J / (kg °C).
Calculate the temperature increase of the water.
temperature increase = .....................................................°C [4]
(b) State and explain one advantage and one disadvantage of heating the water in a solar panel
compared with heating the water in a coal-burning boiler.
advantage .................................................................................................................................
explanation ...............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
disadvantage ............................................................................................................................
explanation ...............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [4]
[Total: 8]

6
4 Fig. 4.1 shows a liquid-in-glass thermometer without a temperature scale.

The liquid inside the thermometer has a melting point of –39 °C.
Fig. 4.1
(a) Describe simple experiments to mark the positions of the fixed points on this liquid-in-glass
thermometer.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [4]
(b) A scientist is measuring temperatures at the South Pole. These temperatures have a minimum
value of –90 °C.
State why the liquid used in the thermometer in Fig. 4.1 would not be suitable for this scientist.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) State a design change that:
(i) increases the sensitivity of a liquid-in-glass thermometer
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) increases the range of a liquid-in-glass thermometer.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d) State the property of the liquid which ensures that the scale on a liquid-in-glass thermometer
is linear.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/M/J/20

7
5 Fig. 5.1 shows crests of a wave approaching a barrier where the wave is reflected.
direction of travel of wave
crest
barrier
Fig. 5.1
(a) On Fig. 5.1, draw three crests of the reflected wave. [3]
(b) The wave has a wavelength of 36 cm and a speed of 1.2 m / s.
Calculate the frequency of the wave.
frequency = ......................................................... [3]
(c) Complete the following sentences.
An echo is the name for a reflected .................................................................. wave.
The waves that form an echo are a type of longitudinal wave. Longitudinal waves are made
up of .................................................................. and rarefactions.

[2]
[Total: 8]

8
6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows an arrangement of glass prisms inside a box. The angles of the prisms are
45°, 45° and 90°.
box
prism 1
incident
ray of light
wall prism 2
eye
This is a device used to view objects that are behind a wall.

The incident ray of light undergoes total internal reflection in the prisms.
On Fig. 6.1, complete the path of the ray through the device and show the ray as it emerges
from the box. [3]
(b) Show that the refractive index of glass with a critical angle of 45° is 1.41.
[2]
[Total: 5]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/M/J/20

9
7 (a) A student makes a transformer that uses an alternating current (a.c.) supply with an
electromotive force (e.m.f.) of 12.0 V to induce an output potential difference (p.d.) of 2.0 V.
The student is provided with two lengths of insulated wire and the U-shaped piece of iron
shown in Fig. 7.1.
iron
Fig. 7.1
(i) Complete and label Fig. 7.1 to show the transformer connected to the supply and the
output from the transformer. [3]
(ii) Explain the function of the piece of iron in the transformer.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) The output of the transformer is connected to a lamp. The current in the lamp is 100 mA.
The transformer is 100% efficient.
Calculate the input current to the transformer.
current = ......................................................... [2]
(b) Another transformer is used in a school laboratory to step down a mains supply with a p.d. of
110 V to 12 V. This transformer is mounted in a metal case.
State and explain an essential safety feature required for this arrangement.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 9]

10
8 (a) A light-emitting diode (LED) is a diode that emits light when there is a current in it. Draw a
circuit diagram showing an LED, connected so that it is lit, in series with a battery and a fixed
resistor. Use standard electrical symbols.
[4]
(b) The p.d. across the LED when lit is 3.1 V and the current in the LED is 0.030 A.
Calculate the value of the resistance of the LED when lit.
resistance = ......................................................... [2]
(c) Fig. 8.1 shows a power supply of e.m.f. 10.5 V connected in series with a lamp and a heater.
The p.d. across the lamp is 2.1 V and the current in the lamp is 1.5 A.
Fig. 8.1
Calculate:
(i) the resistance of the heater
resistance = ......................................................... [2]
(ii) the power of the heater.
power = ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/M/J/20
11
9 (a) Complete the truth table shown in Table 9.1 for a NAND gate.
Table 9.1
input 1 input 2 output

0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
[1]
(b) The circuit shown in Fig. 9.1 contains two different types of gate, labelled X and Y.
A C
X
B
X E
Y D
Fig. 9.1
Table 9.2 shows a partially completed truth table for this circuit.
Table 9.2
input intermediate point output

A B C D E
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 1 1
(i) From Table 9.2, deduce the name of logic gate Y.
Ring your answer from the list.
AND NAND NOR NOT OR [1]
(ii) Complete the truth table in Table 9.2. [2]
(c) There is a current of 3.0 A in a copper wire. Calculate how many electrons pass through the
copper wire every 60 s. The charge on an electron is 1.6 × 10–19 C.
number of electrons = ......................................................... [3]
[Total: 7]
12
10 Fig. 10.1 shows a vacuum tube with a radioactive source. The radioactive source emits α-particles,
β-particles and γ -rays. There is a very strong magnetic field between the N pole and the S pole of
the magnet.
lead cylinder with narrow
vacuum central hole
radioactive source
N
S
α-particles, β-particles and γ-rays
Fig. 10.1
(a) The lead cylinder has a narrow central hole. State and explain the effect of the lead cylinder.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Describe the paths of the α-particles, β-particles and γ -rays as they pass through the magnetic
field. Explain your answers.
(i) α-particles
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) β-particles
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) γ -rays
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/M/J/20

Cambridge IGCSE™
* 6 5 5 3 4 5 9 9 9 7 *
PHYSICS 0625/42
1 hour 15 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS
INFORMATION
DC (JC/JG) 187443/4
2
1 A rocket is launched vertically upwards from the ground. The rocket travels with uniform
acceleration from rest. After 8.0 s, the speed of the rocket is 120 m / s.
(a) Calculate the acceleration of the rocket.
acceleration = ........................................................ [2]
(b) (i) On Fig. 1.1, draw the graph for the motion of the rocket in the first 8.0 s.
200
speed
m/s
150
100
50
0
0 5 10 15 20 25
time / s
Fig. 1.1
[1]
(ii) Use the graph to determine the height of the rocket at 8.0 s.
height = ........................................................ [2]
(iii) From time = 8.0 s to time = 20.0 s, the rocket rises with increasing speed but with
decreasing acceleration.
From time = 20.0 s to time = 25.0 s, the rocket has a constant speed of less than 200 m / s.
On Fig. 1.1, draw the graph for this motion. [3]

[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/F/M/20
3
2 Fig. 2.1 shows an athlete crossing the finishing line in a race. As she crosses the finishing line, her
speed is 10.0 m / s. She slows down to a speed of 4.0 m / s.
Fig. 2.1
(a) The mass of the athlete is 71 kg. Calculate the impulse applied to her as she slows down.
impulse = ........................................................ [3]
(b) (i) Define impulse in terms of force and time.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) The athlete takes 1.2 s to slow down from a speed of 10.0 m / s to a speed of 4.0 m / s.
Calculate the average resultant force applied to the athlete as she slows down.
force = ........................................................ [2]
(c) Calculate the force required to give a mass of 71 kg an acceleration of 6.4 m / s2.
force = ........................................................ [2]
[Total: 8]
4
3 Fig. 3.1 shows a model of a wind turbine used to demonstrate the use of wind energy to generate
electricity. The wind is blowing towards the model, as shown.
turbine blades
circular area swept out

by turbine blades
wind
A
V
Fig. 3.1
(a) The mass of air passing through the circular area swept out by the turbine blades each
second is 7.5 kg. The kinetic energy of the air that passes through this circular area each
second is 240 J.
(i) Calculate the speed of the air.
speed = ........................................................ [3]
(ii) The kinetic energy of the air drives a generator. State the input power of the air passing
through the turbine blades.
input power = ........................................................ [1]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/F/M/20

5
(b) The output current of the generator is 2.0 A. The output potential difference (p.d.) of the
generator is 11 V.
(i) Calculate the output power of the generator.
output power = ........................................................ [2]
(ii) Calculate the efficiency of the wind turbine.
efficiency = .................................................... % [2]
(c) The density of air is 1.3 kg / m3.

Calculate the volume of air passing through the circular area swept out by the turbine blades
each second.
volume = ........................................................ [2]
[Total: 10]

6
4 (a) Define the specific latent heat of fusion of a substance.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Small pieces of ice at 0 °C are added to 0.35 kg of water. The initial temperature of the water is
24.5 °C. The temperature of the water decreases to 0 °C. The water loses 35 000 J of thermal
energy as it cools. All of the ice added to the water melts.
The specific latent heat of fusion of ice is 3.3 × 105 J / kg.
Calculate:
(i) the specific heat capacity of water
specific heat capacity = ........................................................ [2]
(ii) the mass of ice added to the water.
mass = ........................................................ [3]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/F/M/20

7
5 (a) Complete the sentences with words that describe the main process of thermal energy transfer
in each case.
A man goes for a walk on a cold day. He touches a metal gate, which removes thermal
energy from his hands by ................................. . He holds the sides of a cup containing a
hot drink. His hands gain thermal energy by ................................. . Some farm workers have
lit a fire. The man warms his hands by the side of the fire. His hands gain thermal energy by
................................. . [3]
(b) Describe in terms of particles the transfer of thermal energy through the metal of the gate
after transfer from the man’s hands.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) Fig. 5.1 shows a car on a sunny day in a hot country.
windscreen
object A
Fig. 5.1
The object labelled A is placed inside the windscreen. It is used by the owner of the car to
reduce the temperature rise of the air in the car.
Ring the most suitable material for the outer surface of object A. Explain your choice.
dull black dull white shiny black shiny white
explanation ................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 7]

8
6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows crests of a water wave moving from left to right in a harbour.
crest of wave
harbour wall
Fig. 6.1
(i) On Fig. 6.1, draw three more crests to the right of point A. [2]
(ii) State the name of the wave process that occurs as the wave passes point A.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Fig. 6.2 shows the crests of another wave moving from left to right in a different part of the
harbour. This wave moves from deep water to shallow water.
deep water shallow water
crest of wave
Fig. 6.2
(i) On Fig. 6.2, draw an arrow to show the direction of movement of the wave after it has
passed into the shallow water. [1]
(ii) State the name of the process that occurs as the wave passes into the shallow water.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/F/M/20

9
(iii) Complete Table 6.1 to state whether each of the properties of the wave increases,
decreases or stays the same as the wave passes into the shallow water.
Table 6.1
property effect
wavelength
frequency
speed
[3]
[Total: 8]

10
7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows a converging lens and the image I formed when an object is placed to the left
of the lens. The principal focuses are labelled A and B and the centre of the lens is labelled C.
(i) On Fig. 7.1, draw two rays to locate the position of the object.
Draw the object and label it O.
lens
A C B
I
Fig. 7.1
[3]
(ii) Ring all of the following distances that are equal to the focal length of the lens.
AB AC CB 2AB
[2]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/F/M/20

11
(b) Fig. 7.2 shows green light passing through a triangular glass block.
Fig. 7.2
Red light enters the triangular glass block shown in Fig. 7.2 along the same path as the green
light.
(i) On Fig. 7.2, draw the path of the red light within the triangular glass block. [1]
Fig. 7.3 shows green light passing through a rectangular glass block.
Red light enters the rectangular glass block shown in Fig. 7.3 along the same path as the
green light.
Fig. 7.3
On Fig. 7.3:
(ii) draw the path of the red light within the rectangular glass block [1]
(iii) draw the path of the red light after leaving the rectangular glass block. [1]
[Total: 8]

12
8 Fig. 8.1 shows a circuit.
12 V
A 3.0 Ω
2.0 Ω
6.0 Ω
X Y
2.0 m
Fig. 8.1
The lamp has a resistance of 3.0 Ω. Line XY represents a uniform resistance wire of resistance
6.0 Ω.
(a) Calculate the reading on the ammeter.
ammeter reading = ........................................................ [2]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/F/M/20

13
(b) Fig. 8.2 shows the circuit with a different connection to the resistance wire and an added
resistor. The length XY of the whole resistance wire is 2.0 m. The contact is made at Q where
the distance XQ is 0.60 m.
12 V
A 3.0 Ω
1.5 Ω 2.0 Ω
0.60 m
X Q Y
2.0 m
Fig. 8.2
Calculate the resistance of the circuit.
resistance = ........................................................ [4]
[Total: 6]

14
9 (a) State the name of the logic gate with the symbol shown in Fig. 9.1.
Fig. 9.1
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) State the name of the logic gate with the truth table shown in Table 9.1.
Table 9.1
input output
0 1
1 0
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) Fig. 9.2 shows a digital circuit.
A C
E
B
Fig. 9.2
Complete the truth table in Table 9.2 for this circuit for all possible combinations of input.
Table 9.2
A B C D E
1 1
1 0
1 0
0 0
[4]
[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/F/M/20

15
10 (a) Fig. 10.1 is a simplified top view of a flat coil. There is an alternating current (a.c.) in the coil.
Fig. 10.1
Describe the magnetic effect of this alternating current.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(b) Fig. 10.2 shows a pan placed above the coil. The base of the pan is made of steel.
pan
coil
Fig. 10.2
State what quantity is induced in the base of the pan.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) The pan contains water.
State and explain the effect of the quantity induced in part (b) on the temperature of the water
in the pan.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 6]

16
11 (a) The isotope hydrogen-1 has a proton number of 1 and a nucleon number of 1.
Two isotopes of helium are helium-3 and helium-4.
Helium-3 has a proton number of 2 and a nucleon number of 3.
Helium-4 has a nucleon number of 4.
Complete Table 11.1 for neutral atoms of these isotopes of helium.
Table 11.1
helium-3 helium-4
number of neutrons
number of electrons
mass compared to a neutral

atom of hydrogen-1
[3]
(b) An experiment takes place in a laboratory shielded from all background radiation. A sample
of radioactive material is wrapped in aluminium foil of thickness 0.1 mm. A detector of ionising
radiation placed 1 cm from the foil records a reading.
A piece of aluminium of thickness 5 mm is placed between the detector and the foil. The
detector reading drops to zero.
State and explain any type of radiation passing through the aluminium foil.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2020 0625/42/F/M/20

Cambridge Assessment International Education
Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
* 6 5 2 4 3 9 4 7 5 2 *
PHYSICS 0625/42
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Answer all questions.

Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
Take the weight of 1.0 kg to be 10 N (acceleration of free fall = 10 m / s2).
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
This syllabus is regulated for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.
This document consists of 14 printed pages and 2 blank pages.
DC (NF/CB) 174868/3
2
1 Fig. 1.1 is the top view of a rectangular paddling pool of constant depth. The pool is filled with
sea water.
44.0 m
20.0 m
(a) The volume of the sea water in the pool is 264 m3.
Calculate the depth of the pool.
depth = ........................................................ [3]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/O/N/19

3
(b) The mass of the sea water in the pool is 2.70 × 105 kg.
Calculate the density of the sea water. Give your answer to 3 significant figures.
density = ........................................................ [2]
(c) Calculate the pressure due to the sea water at the bottom of the pool.
pressure = ........................................................ [2]
(d) State a suitable instrument for measuring the dimensions given in Fig. 1.1.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 8]

4
2 (a) State the two conditions which must be true for an object to be in equilibrium.
condition 1 ................................................................................................................................
condition 2 ................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Fig. 2.1 shows a uniform metre rule PQ in equilibrium.
10 cm 40 cm
P Q
pivot
0.50 N
Fig. 2.1
The distance PQ is 100 cm. The mass of the metre rule is 0.12 kg and its weight is W.
(i) On Fig 2.1, draw and label:
1. an arrow to show the force W acting on PQ at the centre of mass
2. an arrow to show the force R acting on PQ at the pivot.

[2]
(ii) By taking moments about the pivot, calculate F.
F = ........................................................ [4]
(iii) Calculate R.
R = ........................................................ [2]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/O/N/19

5
3 Fig. 3.1 shows a gas contained in a cylinder enclosed by a piston.
pressure gauge
piston
cylinder
gas
Fig. 3.1
(a) Describe, in terms of momentum of the molecules, how a pressure is exerted on the walls of
the cylinder.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) The piston is pushed into the cylinder. The volume decreases from 820 cm3 to 330 cm3 . The
pressure gauge measures the pressure after compression as 20 000 Pa. The temperature
remains constant.
Calculate the value of the pressure before the gas was compressed.
pressure = ........................................................ [3]
[Total: 6]

6
4 (a) A student carries out an experiment to determine the thermal capacity of a metal block. The
block is heated by an electric heater for 23 minutes. The current in the heater is 3.0 A at a
potential difference (p.d.) of 12 V.
The temperature of the block rises from 20 °C to 70 °C.
Calculate the thermal capacity of the block.
thermal capacity = ........................................................ [4]
(b) 1. Two metal spheres of different diameters are heated to 900 °C in a hot oven. The two
spheres are removed from the oven.
State and explain any difference in the initial rates of emission of radiation of thermal energy
between the two spheres.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2. One hot sphere is now heated in a hotter oven.
State and explain any effect on the rate of emission of radiation of thermal energy from that
sphere when it is removed from the hotter oven.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/O/N/19

7
5 (a) One difference between a longitudinal wave and a transverse wave is that a longitudinal
wave consists of compressions and rarefactions.
(i) Explain the terms compression and rarefaction using ideas about particles.
compression ......................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
rarefaction .........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Describe one other way in which longitudinal wave motion differs from transverse wave
motion.
Longitudinal wave motion ..................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
Transverse wave motion ...................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) (i) A sound wave of frequency 0.120 kHz travels through a rock at a speed of 3500 m / s.
Calculate the wavelength of the wave.
wavelength = ........................................................ [3]
(ii) The wave travels from the rock into the air.
State and explain whether the wave will be audible to a healthy human ear.
statement ..........................................................................................................................
explanation ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 9]
8
6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows an empty container and an observer’s eye. There is a small coin at position O.
The observer is unable to see the coin.
eye
Fig. 6.1
The observer and the coin stay in the same position and the container is filled with water. The
observer can now see the coin.
(i) Explain why the coin can be seen by the observer.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) State the name of the wave process which occurs as the light passes from the water into
the air.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Explain why the image of the coin is a virtual image.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) State the speed of light in air.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) The refractive index of water is 1.3.
Calculate the speed of light in water.
speed of light in water = ........................................................ [3]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/O/N/19

9
7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows a coil of wire wound on a thin plastic cylinder. The plastic has no effect on any
magnetic field. The galvanometer is extremely sensitive.
magnet
coil of wire
S N B
A
small trolley
plastic cylinder
Fig. 7.1
A magnet is fixed to a small trolley that runs without friction on a track through the cylinder
and coil.
(i) The trolley is released from point A so it runs through the coil from right to left.
State and explain what is observed on the galvanometer.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) The trolley is now released from point B so it runs through the coil from right to left again.
State what is observed on the galvanometer and explain why it is different to your answer
in (a)(i).
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]

10
(b) Fig. 7.2 shows an extension lead used to supply power to a 3 kW electric heater on a cool
evening.
damp grass
3 kW electric
heater
cut in outer
insulation
plug and socket

lying on grass
paved area
extension lead designed
for use with a 25 W lamp
Fig. 7.2
State and explain three dangers with this arrangement.
danger 1 ...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
danger 2 ...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
danger 3 ...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[4]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/O/N/19

11
8 (a) A wire of length 2.0 m and cross-sectional area 0.40 mm2 has a resistance of 0.14 Ω.
Calculate the resistance of another wire of the same material of length 3.0 m and
cross-sectional area 0.90 mm2.
resistance = ..................................................... Ω [4]
(b) A student is designing a digital electronic circuit. Fig. 8.1 shows her partly completed design.
A C
B D
Fig. 8.1
(i) Table 8.1 is a truth table.

Complete the columns in this truth table to show the values for input B in the circuit.
Table 8.1
Input A Input B Point C Point D Output O

1 0 0 1
0 0 0 1
1 0 1 0
0 1 0 0
[2]
(ii) The column O in the truth table shows the desired output values for the circuit.
On Fig. 8.1, complete the circuit to achieve these output values. Label any gate used. [2]
[Total: 8]

12
9 (a) Describe what is meant by the term electric field.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Fig. 9.1 shows two parallel conducting plates connected to a battery.
conducting plate
Fig. 9.1
On Fig. 9.1, draw five lines to show the electric field pattern between the two plates. [2]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/O/N/19

13
(c) When fully charged, a 1.2 V rechargeable battery can deliver a current of 210 mA for 10 hours.
(i) Calculate the charge that can be delivered by the fully charged battery.
charge = ........................................................ [3]
(ii) Calculate the energy stored in the battery when fully charged.
energy stored = ........................................................ [2]
(iii) State the type of energy stored when the battery is charged.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 9]

14
10 (a) The nucleus of a hydrogen atom is a proton. The mass of a proton is m and the size of the
charge on a proton is e.
Complete Table 10.1. Express your answers in terms of m and e. Three spaces have already
been completed.
Table 10.1
particle or emission mass charge

proton m e
neutron m
γ-ray
nucleus of helium-4
( 42He)
[4]
(b) Many schools and colleges use radioactive isotopes for teaching and research. Describe how
these radioactive isotopes are handled, used and stored in a safe way.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/O/N/19

* 3 3 7 6 1 2 0 8 2 8 *
PHYSICS 0625/42
1 hour 15 minutes

This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page.
DC (CE/FC) 169310/4
2
1 A bus is travelling between points A and D. There are bus stops at A, B, C and D but the bus does
not stop at B and C. Fig. 1.1 is a speed-time graph for the bus.
B C
40
speed
km / h 30
20
10
A D
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
time / min
Fig. 1.1
(a) Describe the motion of the bus between each of the bus stops. Select the appropriate
description from the list below.
constant acceleration decreasing acceleration
increasing acceleration moving backwards at constant speed
moving forwards at constant speed stationary
1. between A and B ..............................................................................
2. between B and C ..............................................................................
3. between C and D .............................................................................

[3]
(b) The average speed of the bus between A and D is 23 km / h.
Calculate the distance between A and D.
distance = ........................................................ [3]
(c) The bus stops at D for 1 min and then travels at a constant acceleration for 30 seconds.
On Fig. 1.1, sketch a possible graph for this additional motion. Label X when the bus starts to
accelerate and label Y for 30 seconds later. [3]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19

3
2 Fig. 2.1 shows a model fire engine. Its brakes are applied.
model fire engine

containing water tank
jet of water
FIRE
Fig. 2.1
0.80 kg of water is emitted in the jet every 6.0 s at a velocity of 0.72 m / s relative to the model.
(a) Calculate the change in momentum of the water that is ejected in 6.0 s.
momentum = ........................................................ [2]
(b) Calculate the magnitude of the force acting on the model because of the jet of water.
force = ........................................................ [2]
(c) The brakes of the model are released.
State and explain the direction of the acceleration of the model.
Statement .................................................................................................................................
Explanation ...............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(d) In (c) the model contains a water tank, which is initially full.
State and explain any change in the magnitude of the initial acceleration if the brakes are first
released when the tank is nearly empty.
Statement .................................................................................................................................
Explanation ...............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[3]
[Total: 9]
4
3 Fig. 3.1 shows solar cells used to generate electrical energy.
Fig. 3.1
(a) State the main form of energy transferred from the Sun to the solar cells for the generation of
electrical energy.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Consider the generation of electrical energy by a large number of solar cells, as shown in
Fig. 3.1.
(i) State one environmental advantage and one environmental disadvantage.
advantage .........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
disadvantage .....................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) State and explain whether this source of electrical energy is renewable.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19

5
(c) Each group of solar cells is arranged in a rectangle 1.2 m × 2.8 m. The solar cells are situated
in a region where 260 W of solar energy is received per square metre of the cells. The
electrical output of each group of solar cells is a current of 2.5 A with a potential difference of
86 V.
Calculate the efficiency of the solar cells.
efficiency = .................................................... % [4]
[Total: 8]

6
4 (a) State and explain, in terms of molecules, any change in the pressure of a gas when the
volume is reduced at a constant temperature.
Statement .................................................................................................................................
Explanation ...............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) Complete Table 4.1 to give the relative order of magnitude of the expansion of gases, liquids
and solids for the same increase of temperature.
Write one of these words in each blank space:
gas liquid solid
Table 4.1
expands most
expands least
[2]
[Total: 5]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19

7
5 (a) (i) A liquid is heated so that bubbles of its vapour rise to the surface and molecules escape
to the atmosphere.
State the name of this process .................................................................................... [1]
(ii) At a lower temperature than in (a)(i), molecules escape from the surface to the
atmosphere.
State the name of this process .................................................................................... [1]
(b) (i) Fig. 5.1 shows apparatus used to determine the power output of a heater.
thermometer
electric heater
metal block
Fig. 5.1
The metal block has a mass of 2.7 kg. The metal of the block has a specific heat capacity
of 900 J / (kg °C).
In 2 min 30 s, the temperature of the block increases from 21 °C to 39 °C.
Calculate the power of the heater.
power = ........................................................ [4]
(ii) State and explain a precaution that can be taken to improve the accuracy of the
experiment.
Statement ..........................................................................................................................
Explanation .......................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 8]

8
6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows a water wave in a ripple tank.
new wave
direction
original
wave
direction
region B
region A
Fig. 6.1
(i) State the name of the process that occurs as the wave moves from region A to region B.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Suggest a cause for the change in direction of the wave.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19

9
(b) Fig. 6.2 shows a transverse wave.
displacement
0
time
Fig. 6.2
On Fig. 6.2, draw a wave which has half the amplitude and a greater frequency than the wave
shown. [2]
(c) A train travels along steel rails. A person waiting at a station hears the sound of the train
through the rails before he hears the sound through the air.
(i) Explain why this happens.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) The speed of sound in the rails is 5800 m / s.
Calculate the wavelength of sound of frequency 1100 Hz travelling at this speed.
wavelength = ........................................................ [2]
[Total: 7]

10
7 (a) In Fig. 7.1, a converging lens projects a sharp image of an object O on to a screen.
Complete the paths of the two rays from the object to the screen.
converging lens
screen
Fig. 7.1 [2]
(b) The converging lens in (a) is replaced with a thinner converging lens. The object O and the
screen remain in the same positions as in (a). The thinner converging lens has a longer focal
length than the converging lens in (a).
Complete the paths of the two rays from the object to the screen in Fig. 7.2.
thinner converging lens

screen
Fig. 7.2 [2]
(c) A converging lens is used as a magnifying glass.

The focal length of the lens is 10 cm.
(i) Describe the position of the object in relation to the lens.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Describe the position of the image in relation to the lens and the object.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Give three properties of the image formed by a magnifying glass.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19
11
8 (a) A conducting sphere is mounted on an insulating stand. Explain how you would use a
positively charged rod of insulating material to charge the sphere by induction.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) Fig. 8.1 shows an electronic component.
Fig. 8.1
State the name of the component shown in Fig. 8.1 .......................................................... [1]
(c) In the space below, write down the truth table for a NAND gate.
[2]

12
(d) Fig. 8.2 shows the connections to two logic gates.
A D
B
E
C
Fig. 8.2
Table 8.1 shows part of the truth table for the arrangement of logic gates in Fig. 8.2.
Complete Table 8.1 for the input values shown.
Table 8.1
intermediate
inputs output
point
A B C D E
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
[3]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19

13
9 (a) Describe how to demagnetise a bar magnet using alternating current (a.c.) in a coil.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) Fig. 9.1 shows a simple direct current (d.c.) motor.
d.c. power supply
split-ring
commutator
N S
coil
Fig. 9.1
(i) Explain the purpose of the split-ring commutator.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) The voltage of the power supply is increased.
State the effect this has on the motor.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 7]

14
10 Fig. 10.1 shows a circuit containing a filament lamp of resistance 0.30 Ω and two resistors, each of
resistance 0.20 Ω.
0.20 Ω
0.20 Ω
0.30 Ω
Fig. 10.1
(a) Calculate the combined resistance of the lamp and the two resistors.
resistance = ........................................................ [3]
(b) The potential difference (p.d.) of the supply is increased so that the current in the lamp
increases.
State and explain any change in the resistance of the lamp.
Statement .................................................................................................................................
Explanation ...............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 5]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19

15
11 (a) A radon-222 nucleus contains 86 protons and 136 neutrons. It decays by emitting an
α-particle and becomes a nucleus of an isotope of polonium. The symbol for radon is Rn and
the symbol for polonium is Po.
Write down the nuclide equation for this decay.
[3]
(b) Carbon-14 is radioactive with a half-life of 5700 years. An animal bone is dug up in an
archaeological excavation. The quantity of carbon-14 in the bone is 25% of what it was when
the bone was buried.
Calculate the time that has elapsed since it was buried.
time = .............................................. years [2]
[Total: 5]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/M/J/19

* 6 0 9 2 5 3 1 2 4 0 *
PHYSICS 0625/42
1 hour 15 minutes

DC (ST/CT) 167383/5
2
1 (a) Define acceleration.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Fig. 1.1 shows the distance-time graph for the journey of a cyclist.
350
300
distance / m
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
time / s
Fig. 1.1
(i) Describe the motion of the cyclist in the time between:
1. time = 0 and time = 15 s
...........................................................................................................................................
2. time = 15 s and time = 30 s
...........................................................................................................................................
3. time = 30 s and time = 40 s.
...........................................................................................................................................
[3]
(ii) Calculate, for the 40 s journey:
1. the average speed
average speed = ......................................................... [2]
2. the maximum speed.
maximum speed = ......................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19
3
2 (a) State one advantage and one disadvantage of using a wind turbine as a source of electrical
energy.
advantage .................................................................................................................................
disadvantage ............................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Fig. 2.1 shows a wind turbine.
wind speed
16 m / s
area swept out by

the turbine blades
Fig. 2.1
(i) The wind blows at a speed of 16 m / s towards the turbine blades. In one second, a
volume of 24 000 m3 of air passes through the circular area swept out by the blades. The
density of air is 1.3 kg / m3.
Calculate:
1. the mass of air that passes through the circular area swept out by the blades in 1.0 s
mass = ......................................................... [2]
2. the kinetic energy of the mass of air that passes through the area swept out by the
blades.
kinetic energy = ......................................................... [2]
(ii) Suggest why some of the kinetic energy of the air that passes through the circular area
swept out by the blades is not converted into electrical energy.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 7]
4
3 (a) An object is moving in a straight line at constant speed.
State three ways in which a force may change the motion of the object.
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
2 ...............................................................................................................................................
3 ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Fig. 3.1 shows an object suspended from two ropes. The weight of the object is 360 N. The
magnitude of the tension in each rope is T.
T T
45° 45°
object
360 N
Fig. 3.1
In the space below, determine the tension T by drawing a vector diagram of the forces acting
on the object.
State the scale you have used.
scale ...............................................................
T = ...............................................................
[5]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19
5
4 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows a mercury barometer. The tube containing the mercury is vertical.
mercury
Fig. 4.1
(i) The height h indicates a value of the atmospheric pressure.
State what is contained in the space labelled S.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) On a particular day the atmospheric pressure is 1.02 × 105 Pa. The density of mercury
is 13 600 kg / m3.
Calculate the value of h indicated by the barometer.
h = ......................................................... [2]
(iii) The tube containing mercury is now tilted so that it makes an angle of 10° with the
vertical. After tilting, there continues to be a space above the mercury in the tube.
State and explain whether the vertical height of mercury in the tube is smaller, the same,
or greater than the value calculated in (a)(ii).
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Another mercury barometer in the same room at the same time shows a lower value of h than
the barometer in (a).
Suggest and explain a reason for the lower value.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 7]
6
5 (a) State the values of the fixed points of a temperature scale.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) (i) The graduations on a liquid-in-glass thermometer are equally spaced.
For the equal spacing of the graduations to be correct, state:
1. an assumption that is made about the liquid in the thermometer
...........................................................................................................................................
2. an assumption that is made about the structure of the thermometer.
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Liquid-in-glass thermometer A has a greater range than liquid-in-glass thermometer B.
State one way the design of thermometer A is different from thermometer B.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Liquid-in-glass thermometer C has a greater sensitivity than liquid-in-glass thermometer D.
State one way the design of thermometer C is different from thermometer D.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19

7
(c) (i) In the space provided, draw a labelled diagram of a thermocouple thermometer.
[3]
(ii) Suggest when a thermocouple thermometer is more suitable than a liquid-in-glass

thermometer.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 9]

8
6 An electrical heater is placed on the floor of a room in a house. The heater is switched on.
(a) State the main process by which thermal energy is transferred to the air in all parts of the
room.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) The heater has a power of 1.5 kW. The air in the room has a mass of 65 kg. The specific heat
capacity of air is 720 J / (kg °C).
(i) Calculate the time it takes for this heater to raise the temperature of the air in the room
from 8.0 °C to 15.0 °C.
time = ......................................................... [4]
(ii) State two reasons why the time calculated in (b)(i) is smaller than the actual time taken
to raise the temperature of the air in the room from 8.0 °C to 15.0 °C.
1 .......................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2 .......................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19

9
7 (a) In Fig. 7.1, the small circles represent molecules. The arrows refer to the change of state
from the arrangement of molecules on the left to the arrangement of molecules on the right.
Fig. 7.1
Complete the following by writing solid, liquid or gas in each of the blank spaces.
1. Change of state X is from ............................................ to ............................................ .
2. Change of state Y is from ............................................ to ............................................ .

[2]
(b) Explain, in terms of the forces between their molecules, why gases expand more than solids
when they undergo the same rise in temperature.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) A cylinder of volume 0.012 m3 contains a compressed gas at a pressure of 1.8 × 106 Pa.
A valve is opened and all the compressed gas escapes from the cylinder into the atmosphere.
The temperature of the gas does not change.
Calculate the volume that the escaped gas occupies at the atmospheric pressure
of 1.0 × 105 Pa.
volume = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 7]
10
8 Fig. 8.1 shows parallel wavefronts of a light wave in ice. The wavefronts are incident on a boundary
with air.
direction
of wave
ice
air
Fig. 8.1
The speed of the light wave in air is 3.0 × 108 m / s. The refractive index of the ice is 1.3.
(a) On Fig. 8.1:
(i) draw the wavefronts of the wave that passes into the air [3]
(ii) draw arrows to show the direction of travel of the refracted wave [1]
(iii) label the angle of incidence i and the angle of refraction r. [1]
(b) Calculate the speed of the light wave in the ice.
speed = ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19

12
9 Fig. 9.1 shows current-potential difference (p.d.) graphs for a resistor and for a thermistor.
6.0
current / A
4.0
resistor
2.0 thermistor
0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
p.d. / V
Fig. 9.1
(a) Calculate the resistance of the thermistor when the p.d. across it is 7.0 V.
resistance = ......................................................... [2]
(b) In Table 9.1, tick the boxes that indicate the effect on the resistances of the resistor and of the
thermistor when the p.d. across them is increased from 0 to 7.0 V.
Table 9.1
component resistance increases resistance is constant resistance decreases

resistor
thermistor
[2]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19

13
(c) The thermistor and the resistor are connected in parallel to a 7.0 V supply.
Calculate:
(i) the current from the supply
current = ......................................................... [2]
(ii) the energy transferred from the supply in 5.0 minutes.
energy = ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]

14
10 (a) The electrical energy produced by a power station is transmitted over long distances at a very
high voltage.
Explain why a very high voltage is used.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) Fig. 10.1 represents a transformer.
core
4000
120 V P turns S 9.0 V
Fig. 10.1
(i) The primary coil P has 4000 turns and an input of 120 V. The secondary coil S has an
output of 9.0 V.
Calculate the number of turns in the secondary coil.
number = ......................................................... [2]
(ii) State a suitable material for the core of the transformer.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19

15
11 (a) (i) One isotope of iridium-194 is represented by

194
Ir
77
This isotope decays by β-emission to a stable isotope of platinum (Pt).
Complete the nuclide equation for this decay.
194 ...... ......

Ir Pt + β
77 ...... ...... [3]
(ii) The half-life of iridium-194 is 19 hours. A sample of iridium-194 has an initial count-rate
of 1100 counts / min.
Calculate the count-rate from this sample after 38 hours.
count-rate = ......................................................... [2]
(b) State two ways in which γ-emission differs from β-emission.
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
2 ...............................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2019 0625/42/F/M/19

Cambridge International Examinations
* 6 7 5 4 0 7 4 2 4 8 *
PHYSICS 0625/42
1 hour 15 minutes
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.

This syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.
DC (NH/SW) 151944/4
2
1 A lorry is travelling along a straight, horizontal road.
Fig. 1.1 is the distance-time graph for the lorry.
3000
distance / m
2000
1000
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
time t / s
Fig. 1.1
(a) Using Fig. 1.1, determine:
(i) the speed of the lorry at time t = 30 s
speed = ...........................................................[2]
(ii) the average speed of the lorry between time t = 60 s and time t = 120 s.
average speed = ...........................................................[2]
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/O/N/18

3
(b) At time t = 30 s, the total resistive force acting on the lorry is 1.4 × 104 N.
(i) Using Fig. 1.1, determine the magnitude of the acceleration of the lorry at time t = 30 s.
acceleration = ...........................................................[1]
(ii) Determine the forward force on the lorry due to its engine at time t = 30 s.
forward force = ...........................................................[1]
(c) Describe the motion of the lorry between time t = 60 s and time t = 130 s.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 8]

4
2 (a) Fig 2.1 shows liquid in a cylinder.
cylinder
liquid
Fig. 2.1
Table 2.1 gives some data about the cylinder and the liquid.
Table 2.1
radius of cylinder 3.5 cm

weight of empty cylinder 2.5 N
depth of liquid 12.0 cm
density of liquid 900 kg / m3
The cylinder containing liquid is placed on a digital balance that displays the mass in kg.
Calculate the reading shown on the balance.
reading ...................................................... kg [4]
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/O/N/18

5
(b) Fig. 2.2 shows a device that measures the pressure of a gas.
gas supply
glass tube
liquid 50 mm
Fig. 2.2
(i) State the name of the device. .......................................................................................[1]
(ii) The pressure of the gas is 400 Pa greater than atmospheric pressure.
Calculate the density of the liquid.
density = ...........................................................[2]
(iii) With the gas supply connected, the top of the tube on the left of the device is sealed
securely with a rubber stopper. The gas pressure is then increased.
State and explain what happens to the liquid in the device.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 9]

6
3 (a) The velocity of an object of mass m increases from u to v.
State, in terms of m, u and v, the change of momentum of the object.
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) In a game of tennis, a player hits a stationary ball with his racquet.
(i) The racquet is in contact with the ball for 6.0 ms. The average force on the ball during
this time is 400 N.
Calculate the impulse on the tennis ball.
impulse = ...........................................................[2]
(ii) The mass of the ball is 0.056 kg.
Calculate the speed with which the ball leaves the racquet.
speed = ...........................................................[2]
(iii) State the energy transfer that takes place:
1. as the ball changes shape during the contact between the racquet and the ball
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2. as the ball leaves the racquet.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/O/N/18

8
4 Fig. 4.1 shows apparatus used by a student to measure the specific heat capacity of iron.
thermometer
electric heater
iron block
Fig. 4.1
(a) The student improves the accuracy of the experiment by placing material around the block,
as shown in Fig. 4.2.
material
Fig. 4.2
(i) Suggest the name of a possible material the student could use and explain how it
improves the accuracy of the experiment.
suggestion .........................................................................................................................
explanation ........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[3]
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/O/N/18

9
(ii) State how the student could further improve the accuracy of the experiment by using
more of the material used in Fig. 4.2.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) The current in the heater is 3.8 A and the potential difference (p.d.) across it is 12 V. The iron
block has a mass of 2.0 kg. When the heater is switched on for 10 minutes, the temperature
of the block rises from 25 °C to 55 °C.
Calculate the specific heat capacity of iron.
specific heat capacity = ...........................................................[4]
[Total: 8]

10
5 (a) Fig. 5.1 shows a visible spectrum focused on a screen by passing light from a source of white
light through a lens and a prism.
glass
screen
prism
glass
lens
A
visible spectrum
B
filament lamp
(white light source)
Fig. 5.1
(i) State the name of the process that separates the colours in white light.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) State the colour of the light on the screen at:
point A ........................................
point B ........................................
[1]
(iii) State the property of the glass of the prism that causes white light to be split into the
different colours of the spectrum.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/O/N/18

11
(b) Fig. 5.2 shows a section of an optical fibre in air. A ray of light is incident on the fibre wall at X.
X
optical fibre
ray of
light
Fig. 5.2
(i) On Fig. 5.2, continue the path of the ray of light up to the end of the fibre. [1]
(ii) The refractive index of the material of the fibre is 1.46. Calculate the critical angle of the
material of the fibre.
critical angle = ...........................................................[2]
(iii) State two uses of optical fibres.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 8]

12
6 Fig. 6.1 represents a sound wave of wavelength 0.45 m travelling from left to right.
(a) On Fig. 6.1:
(i) at the centre of a compression, mark a cross and label it C [1]
(ii) at the centre of a rarefaction, mark a cross and label it R [1]
(iii) draw a double-headed arrow to represent a distance of 0.90 m. [1]
(b) The frequency of the wave is 750 Hz.
Calculate the speed of the wave.
speed = ...........................................................[2]
(c) Suggest a medium through which the sound wave is travelling and state your reasoning.
medium ..............................................................................................................................
reason ................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[1]
(d) Another type of wave that consists of compressions and rarefactions is ultrasound.
(i) State one other similarity between sound of frequency 750 Hz and ultrasound.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) State one way in which sound of frequency 750 Hz is different from ultrasound.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/O/N/18

14
7 Fig. 7.1 shows three identical lamps and an ammeter connected to a power supply.
power
supply
Fig. 7.1
The switches are closed. Each lamp is rated at 60 W and operates at its normal working voltage of
110 V.
(a) Calculate:
(i) the current in each lamp
current = ............................................................[2]
(ii) the current in the ammeter
current = ...........................................................[1]
(iii) the voltage of the power supply.
voltage = ...........................................................[1]
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/O/N/18

15
(b) (i) Calculate the resistance of the filament of one of the lamps when working normally.
resistance = ...........................................................[2]
(ii) Another lamp X has a filament with twice the resistance of each lamp in the circuit of
Fig. 7.1. The material and the temperature of the filament in lamp X is the same as the
filaments in the lamps in Fig. 7.1.
In Table 7.1, tick any box in the right-hand column that shows a possible difference
between the filament of lamp X and a filament of one of the lamps in the circuit.
Table 7.1
X has half the length

X has twice the length
X has one quarter the area of cross-section
X has half the area of cross-section
X has two times the area of cross-section
X has four times the area of cross-section
[2]
[Total: 8]

16
8 (a) (i) Fig. 8.1 shows a positively charged cube of insulating material. The cube is fixed to a
piece of wood that is floating on water. A negatively charged rod is held above the piece
of wood and brought close to the cube, as shown.
positively charged cube

of insulating material
negatively charged rod
+ – –
+ –
+
piece of wood
floating on water
Fig. 8.1
State and explain any movement of the piece of wood.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) Fig. 8.2 shows two cubes of insulating material. One is positively charged and the other
is negatively charged. The cubes are fixed to a piece of wood that is floating on water.
Charged rods are held above the piece of wood and brought close to the cubes, as
shown.
negatively charged cube negatively charged rod

of insulating material
– –
–
+ positively charged cube
– +
– + of insulating material
–
+ +
piece of wood
floating on water
positively charged rod
Fig. 8.2
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/O/N/18

17
State and explain any movement of the piece of wood.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) In terms of a simple electron model, describe the differences between conductors and
insulators.
conductors ................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
insulators ..................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) On Fig. 8.3, draw the electric field pattern around a single point positive charge.
Fig. 8.3
[1]
[Total: 7]

18
9 Fig. 9.1 shows a permanent bar magnet next to a circuit that contains a coil and a galvanometer.
N S
Fig. 9.1
(a) Suggest a metal from which the magnet is made.
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) The magnet is moved to the left and inserted a small distance into the coil. The galvanometer
deflects briefly and shows that there is a current in the coil.
(i) Explain why there is a current in the coil.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) As the magnet is moving near to the coil, end Q of the coil behaves as a magnetic pole.
State the polarity of end Q and explain why it has this polarity.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) Suggest two ways in which the deflection of the galvanometer can be reversed.
1. ...............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2. ...............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/O/N/18

19
10 (a) A detector of ionising radiation measures the background count rate in a classroom where
there are no radioactive samples present.
The readings, in counts/minute, taken over a period of time are shown in Table 10.1.
Table 10.1
counts / minute 16 12 14 16 15 17
(i) State two possible sources of this background radiation.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) Explain why the readings are not the same.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) With no radioactive sample present, a scientist records a background radiation count of
40 counts / minute.
He brings a radioactive sample close to the detector. The count rate increases to
200 counts / minute.
After 24 days the count rate is 50 counts / minute.
Calculate the half-life of the radioactive sample.
half-life = ...........................................................[4]

20
(c) Draw a line between each type of ionising radiation and its property and another line between
the property and its use. One has been done for you.
Name of Property Use

ionising
radiation
It is the most
ionising radiation
Remotely detecting
and is most easily
X-ray leaks in underground
absorbed by very
water pipes
small amounts of
substance
Penetration is
affected by small
Detecting fractures in
α-particle changes in the
bones
amount of solid it is
passing through
It is highly
Detecting smoke in a
β-particle penetrating and is
fire alarm system
poorly ionising
Can pass easily

Detecting a change in
through soft living
the thickness of
γ-ray tissue. Calcium
aluminium foil during
absorbs more than
its manufacture
soft tissue
[3]
[Total: 10]
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/O/N/18

* 0 9 3 9 7 7 2 1 6 1 *
PHYSICS 0625/42
1 hour 15 minutes

DC (CE/SW) 150768/5
2
1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows the axes of a distance-time graph for an object moving in a straight line.
80
distance / m
60
40
20
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
time / s
Fig. 1.1
(i) 1. On Fig. 1.1, draw between time = 0 and time = 10 s, the graph for an object moving
with a constant speed of 5.0 m / s. Start your graph at distance = 0 m.
2. State the property of the graph that represents speed.
....................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Between time = 10 s and time = 20 s the object accelerates. The speed at time = 20 s is
9.0 m / s.
Calculate the average acceleration between time = 10 s and time = 20 s.
acceleration = ...........................................................[2]
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3
(b) Fig. 1.2 shows the axes of a speed-time graph for a different object.
50
speed
m/s
40
30
20
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
time / s
Fig. 1.2
(i) The object has an initial speed of 50 m / s and decelerates uniformly at 0.35 m / s2 for
100 s.
On Fig. 1.2, draw the graph to represent the motion of the object. [2]
(ii) Calculate the distance travelled by the object from time = 0 to time = 100 s.
distance = ...........................................................[3]
[Total: 9]

4
2 Fig. 2.1 shows a hollow metal cylinder containing air, floating in the sea.
surface
of sea air
1.8 m
1.2 m
seawater
bottom
Fig. 2.1
(a) The density of the metal used to make the cylinder is greater than the density of seawater.
Explain why the cylinder floats.
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) The cylinder has a length of 1.8 m. It floats with 1.2 m submerged in the sea. The bottom of
the cylinder has an area of cross-section of 0.80 m2.
The density of seawater is 1020 kg / m3. Calculate the force exerted on the bottom of the
cylinder due to the depth of the seawater.
force = ...........................................................[4]
(c) Deduce the weight of the cylinder. Explain your answer.
weight = ...............................................................
explanation ...............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18
5
3 Fig. 3.1 shows an aircraft on the deck of an aircraft carrier.
Fig. 3.1
The aircraft accelerates from rest along the deck. At take-off, the aircraft has a speed of 75 m / s.
The mass of the aircraft is 9500 kg.
(a) Calculate the kinetic energy of the aircraft at take-off.
kinetic energy = ...........................................................[3]
(b) On an aircraft carrier, a catapult provides an accelerating force on the aircraft. The catapult
provides a constant force for a distance of 150 m along the deck.
Calculate the resultant force on the aircraft as it accelerates. Assume that all of the kinetic
energy at take-off is from the work done on the aircraft by the catapult.
force = ...........................................................[2]
[Total: 5]

6
4 (a) Fig. 4.1 represents an atom.
Fig. 4.1
Representing atoms by circles approximately the same size as in Fig. 4.1, sketch
(i) on Fig. 4.2, the arrangement of atoms in a crystalline solid, [1]
(ii) on Fig. 4.3, the arrangement of atoms in a gas. [1]
solid gas
Fig. 4.2 Fig. 4.3
(b) (i) Describe the motion of the atoms in a solid.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) A sculptor makes a statue from a block of crystalline rock using a cutting tool. Explain
why he must apply a large force to the tool to remove a small piece of rock.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) A helium-filled balloon in the room of a house suddenly bursts.
State and explain, in terms of atoms, what happens to the helium from the balloon after the
balloon has burst.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

7
5 A student wants to investigate good and bad absorbers of thermal radiation. She has the apparatus
shown in Fig. 5.1, a supply of cold water and a metre rule.
small polished small 2 thermometers electric heater

can black-painted
can
Fig. 5.1
Explain how the student could use the apparatus she has available to carry out her investigation.
Describe the results she would expect to obtain. Draw a diagram of the set-up.
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................[4]
[Total: 4]

8
6 (a) Circle two of the following that apply to an ultrasound wave travelling in air.
frequency 3.5 Hz frequency 350 Hz frequency 35 000 Hz longitudinal
transverse speed 1.5 m / s speed 1.5 × 103 m / s speed 1.5 × 106 m / s
[2]
(b) Calculate the wavelength in a vacuum of X-rays of frequency 1.3 × 1017 Hz.
wavelength = ...........................................................[3]
(c) A dentist takes an X-ray photograph of a patient’s teeth. Explain why it is safe for the patient
to be close to the source of X-rays, but the dentist must stand away from the source.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(d) State, with a reason, why microwave ovens are designed only to work with the door closed.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

10
7 (a) Fig. 7.1 shows a ray of light in water that is incident on a submerged, transparent plastic
block.
water
plastic
Fig. 7.1
State what happens to the speed of light as it enters the plastic block. Explain your answer.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Fig. 7.2 shows the two principal focuses F1 and F2 of a thin converging lens.
F1 F2
O
lens
1.0 cm
1.0 cm
Fig. 7.2
Fig. 7.2 also shows an object O of height 1.2 cm placed close to the lens. Two rays from the
tip of the object O are incident on the lens.
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

11
(i) On Fig. 7.2, continue the paths of these two rays for a further distance of at least 5 cm.
[2]
(ii) Using your answer to (b)(i), find and mark on Fig. 7.2 the image I of object O and label
this image. [2]
(iii) Determine the height of image I.
height = ...........................................................[1]
(iv) State and explain whether I is a real image or a virtual image.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 8]

12
8 Fig. 8.1 shows a circuit that contains a battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 6.0 V, an ammeter, a
20 Ω resistor and component X.
6.0 V
A X
20 Ω
Fig. 8.1
(a) (i) State the name of component X.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) The potential difference (p.d.) across the 20 Ω resistor is measured with a voltmeter.
On Fig. 8.1, draw the symbol for this voltmeter connected to the circuit. [1]
(b) The p.d. across the 20 Ω resistor is varied from zero to 6.0 V. For each value of p.d. a
corresponding current is measured.
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

13
On Fig. 8.2, draw a line to indicate how the current measured by the ammeter depends on
the p.d. across the 20 Ω resistor.
0.40
current / A
0.30
0.20
0.10
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
p.d. / V
Fig. 8.2 [3]
(c) A second resistor is connected into the circuit in parallel with the 20 Ω resistor.
(i) State how the combined resistance of the two resistors in parallel compares with the
resistance of each of the resistors on its own.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) The p.d. across the two parallel resistors is changed and the current in the battery for
each value of the p.d. is measured. A second line could be drawn on Fig. 8.2 to indicate
how the current measured by the ammeter depends on the p.d. across the two resistors
in parallel.
State how the second line differs from the original line. You are not expected to draw this
second line.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 7]

14
9 (a) Fig. 9.1 shows a coil ABCD with two turns. The coil is in a magnetic field.
B C
N S
A D
Fig. 9.1
When there is a current in the coil, the coil experiences a turning effect.
(i) Explain why there is a turning effect.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) The value of the current is 3 A. Place one tick in each column of the table to indicate how
the turning effect changes with the change described.
turning effect number of turns on coil current strength of magnetic

increased to six increased to 9 A field decreased by a
factor of 2
decreased by factor of 4
no change
increased by factor of 2
[3]
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

15
(b) Fig. 9.2 shows a magnet held just below a vertical coil connected to a galvanometer.
Fig. 9.2
The magnet is released.
(i) State any effect on the galvanometer.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) State any effect on the magnetic field produced by the coil.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 8]

16
10 (a) An uncharged conducting metal plate rests on insulating supports. Fig. 10.1 shows the plate
and a positively charged insulating plastic sheet placed on top of the metal plate.
plastic sheet
metal plate
insulating support insulating support
Fig. 10.1
(i) Describe any flow of charge that takes place when the plastic sheet is placed onto the
metal plate.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) On Fig. 10.1, draw how charges are now arranged within the metal plate. [1]
(iii) State and explain if this arrangement of charge helps to keep the plastic sheet in place.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

17
(b) Fig. 10.2 shows two uncharged conducting spheres suspended on insulating threads.
Fig. 10.2
1. The spheres are now both given positive charges. On Fig. 10.2, draw a possible position
of each sphere and thread.
2. Explain the positions you have drawn.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 6]

18
11 (a) A radioactive nucleus of uranium-235 decays to a nucleus of thorium and emits an α-particle.
Complete the equation.
235 ....... 4
92 U .......
Th + 2α
[2]
(b) A nucleus of uranium-235 undergoes nuclear fission in a reactor.
(i) State what is meant by nuclear fission.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Suggest why a nuclear reactor is surrounded by thick concrete walls.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(iii) State one environmental advantage and one environmental disadvantage of using a
fission reactor to generate electrical energy in a power station.
advantage .........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
disadvantage .....................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) The thorium produced by the decay in (a) is also radioactive and has a half-life of 26 hours.
At a certain time, a pure sample of this isotope initially contains 4.8 × 109 atoms.
Calculate the number of atoms of this sample that decay in the following 52 hours.
number = ...........................................................[3]
[Total: 10]
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

20
BLANK PAGE
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/M/J/18

* 9 4 3 9 9 8 5 6 4 0 *
PHYSICS 0625/42
1 hour 15 minutes

This document consists of 16 printed pages.
DC (SC/SW) 149762/5
2
1 (a) Define acceleration.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time axes for the graph of the motion of a car.
30
speed
m/s
20
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50
time / s
Fig. 1.1
(i) The car starts from rest.
From time = 0 to time = 15 s, the car has a constant acceleration to a speed of 28 m / s.
From time = 15 s to time = 32 s, the car has a constant speed of 28 m / s.
From time = 32 s, the car has a constant deceleration of 2.0 m / s2 until it comes to rest.
On Fig. 1.1, draw the graph, using the space below for any calculations.
[5]
(ii) From time = 15 s to time = 32 s, the path of the car is part of a circle.
For this motion, state
1. the direction of the resultant force on the car,
...........................................................................................................................................
2. what happens to the velocity of the car.
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18

3
2 (a) A force is used to move an object from the Earth’s surface to a greater height.
Explain why the gravitational potential energy (g.p.e.) of the object increases.
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Fig. 2.1 shows a train moving up towards the top of a mountain.
Fig. 2.1
The train transports 80 passengers, each of average mass 65 kg, through a vertical height of
1600 m.
Calculate the increase in the total gravitational potential energy (g.p.e.) of the passengers.
increase in g.p.e. = ......................................................... [2]
(c) The engine of the train has a power of 1500 kW. The time taken to reach the top of the
mountain is 30 minutes.
Calculate the efficiency of the engine in raising the 80 passengers 1600 m to the top of the
mountain.
efficiency = ......................................................... [4]
[Total: 7]

4
3 (a) Complete the statement by writing in the blank spaces.
The moment of a force about a pivot is equal to ......................................................................
multiplied by .......................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Fig. 3.1 shows a horizontal rod of length 2.4 m and weight 160 N. The weight of the rod acts
at its centre. The rod is suspended by two vertical ropes X and Y. The tension in each rope is
80 N.
80 N 80 N
2.4 m
rope X rope Y
rod
160 N
Fig. 3.1
(i) State the name given to the point at which the weight of the rod acts.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Calculate the mass of the rod.
mass = ......................................................... [1]
(iii) The rod is in equilibrium.
Using data from Fig. 3.1, explain why.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [4]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18

5
4 Fig. 4.1 shows a cold plastic spoon that has just been placed in hot liquid in a cup.
plastic spoon
hot liquid
Fig. 4.1
(a) Describe, in terms of molecules, why the temperature of the whole of the spoon increases.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) The plastic spoon is replaced by a metal spoon.
Describe an additional process by which the temperature of the whole of this spoon increases.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) The cup contains 150 g of liquid of specific heat capacity 4.2 J / (g °C). When the cold spoon is
placed into the hot liquid, the temperature of the liquid decreases from 80 °C to 56 °C.
Calculate the loss of thermal energy from the liquid.
energy loss = ......................................................... [3]
[Total: 8]

6
5 (a) Fig. 5.1 shows the apparatus used to observe the motion of smoke particles that are in the air
in a box.
eye
microscope
air molecules
light and
smoke particles
Fig. 5.1
Light from a lamp enters the box through a window in one side of the box. The smoke particles
are observed using a microscope fixed above a window in the top of the box.
(i) The motion of a single smoke particle is observed through the microscope.
In the circle shown, sketch the path of this smoke particle.
[1]
(ii) Explain why the smoke particle follows the path that is observed.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [3]
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18

7
(b) A tennis player is practising by hitting a ball many times against a wall.
The ball hits the wall 20 times in 60 s. The average change in momentum for each collision
with the wall is 4.2 kg m / s.
Calculate the average force that the ball exerts on the wall.
average force = ......................................................... [3]
[Total: 7]

8
6 (a) Fig. 6.1 represents the electromagnetic spectrum.
visible light
radio waves microwaves A B C D
Fig. 6.1
State the radiation in each of the regions represented by A, B, C and D in Fig. 6.1.
A ................................................................
B ...............................................................
C ...............................................................
D ...............................................................
[2]
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18

9
(b) A source emits visible light.
Fig. 6.2 shows a ray of red light from the source incident on the face XY of a glass prism at
point S.
normal
i S
ray of
red light
Y Z
Fig. 6.2
The angle of incidence i of the ray is 35 °. The refractive index of the glass for red light is 1.5.
(i) Calculate the angle of refraction in the glass at S.
angle of refraction = ......................................................... [2]
(ii) On Fig. 6.2, draw the refracted ray at face XY and the ray emerging from face XZ of the
prism. Label this ray R. [2]
(iii) A ray of blue light follows the same path as the ray of red light incident on the face XY.
On Fig. 6.2, draw the path of this ray in the prism and emerging from the prism.
Label this ray B. [2]
[Total: 8]

10
7 (a) The speed of a light wave in air is 3.00 × 108 m / s. The refractive index of water is 1.33.
Calculate the speed of the light wave in water.
speed = ......................................................... [2]
(b) Fig. 7.1 shows parallel wavefronts of a light wave in air incident on a boundary with a
transparent plastic.
direction
of light wave
air
transparent
plastic
Fig. 7.1
On Fig. 7.1,
(i) draw the positions of the four refracted wavefronts in the plastic, [3]
(ii) draw an arrow to show the direction of travel of the refracted wave, [1]
(iii) label the angle of refraction r of the light wave. [1]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18

11
8 (a) The lamp of a car headlight is rated at 12 V, 50 W.
Calculate the current in the lamp when operating normally.
current = ......................................................... [2]
(b) A car is driven at night.
In a journey, the total charge that passes through the 12 V battery is 270 kC.
(i) Calculate the electrical energy transferred.
energy = ......................................................... [3]
(ii) The fuel used by the car provides 3.6 × 104 J / cm3.
Calculate the volume of fuel used to provide the energy calculated in (b)(i).
volume = ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 7]

12
9 Fig. 9.1 shows current-potential difference graphs for a resistor and for a lamp.
6.0
current / A
4.0 lamp
2.0
resistor
0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
potential difference / V
Fig. 9.1
(a) (i) The potential difference (p.d.) applied to the resistor is increased. Tick the box that
indicates the effect on the resistance of the resistor.
resistance increases
resistance is constant
resistance decreases
[1]
(ii) The potential difference (p.d.) applied to the lamp is increased. Tick the box that indicates
the effect on the resistance of the lamp.
resistance increases
resistance is constant
resistance decreases
[1]
(b) The p.d. across the lamp is 6.0 V. Calculate the resistance of the lamp.
resistance = ......................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18

13
(c) The lamp and the resistor are connected in parallel to a 6.0 V supply.
Calculate the current from the supply.
current = ......................................................... [2]
(d) The lamp and the resistor are connected in series to another power supply. The current in
the circuit is 4.0 A.
Calculate the total p.d. across the lamp and the resistor.
p.d. = ......................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]

14
10 (a) Fig. 10.1 shows a straight wire AB placed in the magnetic field between the poles of a magnet.
The ends of AB are connected to a galvanometer.
N S
Fig. 10.1
When AB is moved vertically, the needle of the galvanometer shows a deflection.
State three factors that affect the size of the deflection.
1 ...............................................................................................................................................
2 ...............................................................................................................................................
3 ...............................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) Fig. 10.2 shows a transformer.
240 V P S 12 V
Fig. 10.2
(i) The primary coil P has 8000 turns and an input of 240 V. The secondary coil S has an
output of 12 V.
Calculate the number of turns in the secondary coil.
number = ......................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18
15
(ii) A circuit containing a resistor is connected to the terminals A and B.

A direct current (d.c.) is required in this resistor.
On Fig. 10.2, draw this circuit. [1]
[Total: 6]

16
11 (a) To ensure the safety of workers in laboratories where radioactive sources are used, describe
how radioactive materials
(i) should be stored,
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) should be handled.
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Complete the table below for three types of emission from radioactive sources.
type of emission nature range in air absorbed by
electromagnetic radiation several km
helium nucleus 0.2 mm paper
electron
[3]
(c) State the type of radiation emitted when
an americium nucleus ( Am) decays into a neptunium nucleus ( Np),

241 237
(i) 95 93
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
a phosphorus nucleus ( 15 P) decays into a silicon nucleus ( 16 Si).

32 32
(ii)
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2018 0625/42/F/M/18

* 7 6 6 4 1 9 6 2 9 2 *
PHYSICS 0625/42
1 hour 15 minutes

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.
DC (LK/SG) 133347/6
2
1 Fig. 1.1 shows a cylinder made from copper of density 9000 kg / m3.
Fig. 1.1
The volume of the cylinder is 75 cm3.
(a) Calculate the mass of the cylinder.
mass = ...........................................................[2]
(b) The gravitational field strength is 10 N / kg.
(i) Calculate the weight of the cylinder.
weight = ...........................................................[2]
(ii) State one way in which weight differs from mass.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
© UCLES 2017 0625/42/O/N/17

3
(c) Fig. 1.2 shows the cylinder immersed in a liquid.
liquid
2.7 cm
cylinder
The upper face of the cylinder is at a depth of 2.7 cm below the surface of the liquid.
The pressure due to the liquid at the upper face of the cylinder is 560 Pa.
(i) Calculate the density of the liquid.
density = ...........................................................[2]
(ii) Explain why the cylinder does not float in this liquid.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 8]

4
2 (a) An object is moving in a straight line at constant speed. A resultant force begins to act upon
the object.
State the ways in which the force may change the motion of the object.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) State one other effect a force could have on the object.
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) The mass of a car is 1400 kg. The car, initially at rest, is moved along a level road by a
resultant force of 3500 N. The car reaches a speed of 30 m / s.
(i) Calculate the average acceleration of the car.
acceleration = ...........................................................[2]
(ii) Calculate the time for which the force is applied.
time = ...........................................................[2]
(iii) State the name of a force which opposes the motion of the car.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2017 0625/42/O/N/17

5
3 (a) State the name of a fuel that is burnt to produce large amounts of electrical energy.
Describe a process by which electrical energy is obtained from the chemical energy stored in
this fuel.
Name of fuel: ............................................................................................................................
Description of process: .............................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[4]
(b) Explain why the Sun is the source of the energy stored in the fuel in (a).
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) Explain whether the process in (a) is renewable.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 8]

6
4 A beaker contains water at room temperature. Fig. 4.1 shows the beaker placed on a tripod above
a Bunsen burner.
Fig. 4.1
The Bunsen burner is lit and the temperature of the water begins to increase.
(a) The water is evaporating.
(i) Describe one difference between evaporation and boiling.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) State and explain what happens to the rate at which the water evaporates as its
temperature increases.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
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7
(b) After a few minutes, the water reaches its boiling point temperature. The water continues to
gain energy from the Bunsen burner.
(i) State what happens to the temperature of the water in the beaker.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) The specific latent heat of vaporisation of water is 2.3 × 106 J / kg. After the water reaches
its boiling point, it takes 12 minutes for 0.095 kg of water to boil away.
Calculate the average rate at which energy is being supplied to the water by heating.
rate of energy supplied = ...........................................................[3]
[Total: 7]

8
5 (a) Explain why houses in hot countries are often painted white.
Use ideas about the transfer of thermal energy in your answer.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) As a star approaches the end of its life, the amount of radiation emitted from it per second
changes.
The star cools down.

State any effect on the rate of emission of radiation.
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 4]
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9
6 Fig. 6.1 represents wavefronts of a water wave on the surface of water approaching a gap in a
barrier.
barrier with gap
direction of travel
of wavefronts
Fig. 6.1
(a) The wavefronts to the right of the barrier spread out as far as the dashed lines in Fig. 6.1.
(i) State the name of the process of spreading out.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Draw four wavefronts to the right of the barrier. [2]
(b) (i) State the effect of increasing the width of the gap in the barrier.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) State and explain the effect of decreasing the frequency of the water wave.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 6]

10
7 (a) Fig. 7.1 is a diagram of a converging lens used to produce an image of an object. Each point
marked F is a principal focus.
object
F F
image
Fig. 7.1
Write down three terms that describe the image produced.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) Fig. 7.2 shows a plane mirror, a point object O and an observer’s eye.
mirror
O eye
Fig. 7.2
(i) On Fig. 7.2, draw two rays from the object reflected to the observer’s eye. [2]
(ii) On Fig. 7.2, complete your drawing to determine the position of the image of the object O.
Label this image I.
[2]
[Total: 7]
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11
8 Fig. 8.1 is a circuit diagram.
24 V
8.0 Ω 4.0 Ω
6.0 Ω
Fig. 8.1
Calculate
(a) the resistance of the circuit,
resistance = ...........................................................[4]
(b) the potential difference (p.d.) across the 8.0 Ω resistor.
p.d. = ...........................................................[2]
[Total: 6]

12
9 (a) Fig. 9.1 is a circuit diagram.
Fig. 9.1
(i) State the names of circuit components A, B and C.
component A .....................................................................................................................
component B .....................................................................................................................
component C .....................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) The circuit can be used to indicate a change in temperature.
State and explain what would be observed when the temperature changes from hot
to cold.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[4]
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13
(b) Fig. 9.2 shows a digital circuit.
X
C
Fig. 9.2
Complete column X of the truth table for this circuit. Use the blank column for your working.
A B C X
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
[3]
[Total: 9]

14
10 (a) Fig. 10.1 shows a wire that carries a current into the page.
The circles on Fig. 10.1 show the pattern of the magnetic field around the wire.
Fig. 10.1
(i) On Fig. 10.1, draw an arrow on each circle to show the direction of the magnetic field. [1]
(ii) State why the spacing of the circles increases as the distance from the wire increases.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
© UCLES 2017 0625/42/O/N/17

15
(b) Fig. 10.2 shows an electric door lock.
The slot in the door contains an unmagnetised iron bolt attached to a spring.
The slot in the door frame is empty. This slot is surrounded by the coils of a solenoid.
In Fig. 10.2 the door is unlocked. The spring is not stretched.
door door frame
spring solenoid
unmagnetised
iron bolt
Fig. 10.2
In Fig. 10.3 the door is locked. The spring is now stretched.
Fig. 10.3
The bolt is initially in the position shown in Fig. 10.2.
Describe and explain what happens when
(i) the switch S is closed,
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[4]
(ii) the switch S is reopened.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 8]
16
11 The radioactive isotope bismuth-210 (210

83 Bi) decays by β-particle emission to an isotope of
polonium (Po).
(a) Complete the nuclide equation that represents this decay.

210 Bi ..... .....
83 ..... Po + ..... β
[3]
(b) A radiation detector is placed on a bench in a laboratory where there are no artificial sources
of radiation. The detector is switched on.
In seven one-minute periods, the detector displays these readings.
24 22 25 25 21 20 24
(i) Explain why, in the absence of any artificial source, there are readings on the detector.
Suggest one origin of this effect.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) Explain why the readings obtained are not all the same.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii) The half-life of bismuth-210 is 5.0 days.

A sample of bismuth-210 is brought close to the detector and in one minute, the reading
displayed is 487. The equipment is left in the same place for exactly 10 days.
Predict the reading in a one-minute period at the end of this time.
reading = ...........................................................[3]
[Total: 9]
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* 2 0 9 4 7 7 2 0 8 6 *
PHYSICS 0625/42
1 hour 15 minutes

Take the weight of 1 kg to be 10 N (acceleration of free fall = 10 m / s2).
DC (ST/JG) 129079/5
2
1 (a) (i) Speed is a scalar quantity and velocity is a vector quantity.
State how a scalar quantity differs from a vector quantity.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Underline the two scalar quantities in the list below.
energy force impulse momentum temperature [1]
(b) A boat is moving at constant speed.
On Fig. 1.1, sketch a distance-time graph for the boat.
distance
time
Fig. 1.1
[1]
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3
(c) The boat in (b) is moving due west at a speed of 6.5 m / s relative to the water. The water is
moving due south at 3.5 m / s.
In the space below, draw a scale diagram to determine the size and direction of the resultant
of these two velocities. State the scale used.
scale ...............................................................
size of resultant velocity = ...............................................................
direction of resultant ...............................................................

[4]
[Total: 7]

4
2 Fig. 2.1 shows a vehicle designed to be used on the Moon.
Fig. 2.1
The brakes of the vehicle are tested on Earth.

1
(a) The acceleration of free fall on the Moon is one sixth ( 6 ) of its value on Earth.
Tick one box in each column of the table to predict the value of that quantity when the vehicle
is used on the Moon, compared to the test on Earth.
mass of vehicle on weight of vehicle on deceleration of vehicle

Moon Moon on Moon with same
braking force
10 # value on Earth
6 # value on Earth
same as value on Earth
1
# value on Earth
6
1
# value on Earth
10
[3]
© UCLES 2017 0625/42/M/J/17

5
(b) Fig. 2.2 shows the brake pedal of the vehicle.
pivot
piston
cylinder
7.0 cm
24 cm
link
oil force exerted
by driver
pedal
The driver exerts a force on the pedal, which increases the pressure in the oil to operate the
brakes.
The area of the piston in the cylinder is 6.5 # 10–4 m2 (0.00065 m2). The pressure increase in
the oil is 5.0 # 105 Pa (500 000 Pa).
Calculate the force exerted by the driver on the brake pedal.
force = ...........................................................[4]
[Total: 7]

6
3 (a) Underline the pair of quantities which must be multiplied together to calculate impulse.
force and mass force and velocity mass and time
time and velocity weight and velocity force and time [1]
(b) Fig. 3.1 shows a collision between two blocks A and B on a smooth, horizontal surface.
A B A B
3.0 m / s v
2.4 kg 1.2 kg
before collision after collision
Fig. 3.1
Before the collision, block A, of mass 2.4 kg, is moving at 3.0 m / s. Block B, of mass 1.2 kg, is
at rest.
After the collision, blocks A and B stick together and move with velocity v.
(i) Calculate
1. the momentum of block A before the collision,
momentum = ...........................................................[2]
2. the velocity v,
velocity = ...........................................................[2]
3. the impulse experienced by block B during the collision.
impulse = ...........................................................[2]
(ii) Suggest why the total kinetic energy of blocks A and B after the collision is less than the
kinetic energy of block A before the collision.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2017 0625/42/M/J/17
7
4 A balloon contains a fixed mass of gas.
(a) Explain, in terms of the momentum of molecules, how the gas in the balloon exerts a pressure.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Explain, in terms of molecules, why the pressure of the gas increases when the volume of the
balloon decreases. The temperature of the gas is constant.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) The initial volume of the gas is 500 cm3 and its pressure is 1.1 # 105 Pa. The volume is
reduced to 200 cm3. The temperature of the gas is constant.
Calculate the new pressure.
pressure = ...........................................................[2]
[Total: 6]

8
5 (a) (i) An electric kettle contains 600 g of water at 20 °C. The heater in the kettle operates at
240 V. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J / (kg °C).
The current in the heater is 12 A.
Calculate the time taken for the temperature of the water to rise to 100 °C.
time = ...........................................................[4]
(ii) State one assumption you made in your calculation in (a)(i).
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
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9
(b) Using the apparatus shown in Fig. 5.1, describe an experiment to demonstrate good and bad
emitters of thermal radiation. Include the expected results and the conclusion.
You may use a diagram.
white
black side
side
metal water bottle 2 thermometers supply of hot water a ruler
Fig. 5.1
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[4]
[Total: 9]

10
6 (a) The graph in Fig. 6.1 represents a wave on a rope.
8.0
vertical
position / cm
6.0
4.0
2.0
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
distance along rope / cm
Fig. 6.1
Using Fig. 6.1, determine
(i) the amplitude of the wave,
amplitude = ...........................................................[1]
(ii) the wavelength of the wave.
wavelength = ...........................................................[1]
© UCLES 2017 0625/42/M/J/17

11
(b) A wave travelling on the surface of water has a wavelength of 2.5 cm and a speed of 8.0 cm / s.
Calculate the frequency of the wave.
frequency = ...........................................................[2]
(c) The wave in (b) approaches a barrier that has a large gap in its centre.
Fig. 6.2 shows the crests of the wave viewed from above.
barrier
gap
direction
of wave
travel
wave crest barrier
Fig. 6.2
The gap in the barrier is larger than the wavelength λ.
(i) On Fig. 6.2, draw the pattern formed by three crests after the wave passes through the
gap in the barrier. [2]
(ii) Water is added to the tank and the speed of a wave in the deeper water is greater
than that in the shallower water. The frequency of the wave remains constant but its
wavelength is different.
1. State and explain how the wavelength in the deeper water has changed.
....................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................[1]
2. Apart from the change in wavelength, describe one other difference in the pattern
formed by the crests after the wave passes through the gap.
....................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 8]
12
7 (a) The speed of light in air is 3.0 # 108 m / s.

The speed of light in a transparent liquid is 2.0 # 108 m / s.
A ray of light is incident on the surface of the liquid at an angle of incidence of 40°.
Calculate
(i) the refractive index of the liquid,
refractive index = ...........................................................[2]
(ii) the angle of refraction in the liquid.
angle of refraction = ...........................................................[2]
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13
(b) Fig. 7.1 shows a side view of an object at the bottom of a tank of liquid. Light travels slower in
this liquid than in air.
eye
air
tank
liquid
object
Fig. 7.1
On Fig. 7.1, draw two rays from the object into the air. Use these rays to locate the image.
Label this image I. [3]
[Total: 7]

14
8 Fig. 8.1 shows a 12.0 V power supply connected in a circuit.
12.0 V
resistance
wire
A X B
sliding
contact
The circuit includes a lamp and a resistance wire AB of constant cross-sectional area. There is a
sliding contact that can be moved between A and B.
(a) The rating of the lamp at normal brightness is 6.0 V, 9.0 W.
Calculate
(i) the current in the lamp at normal brightness,
current = ...........................................................[2]
(ii) the resistance of the lamp at normal brightness.
resistance = ...........................................................[2]
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15
(b) AB is 1.00 m long and has a resistance of 5.0 Ω. The lamp has normal brightness when the
sliding contact is at X.
(i) The sliding contact is moved to B.
Explain, without a calculation, why the lamp becomes dimmer.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Calculate the distance AX for the lamp to have normal brightness.
distance AX = ...........................................................[3]
[Total: 8]

16
9 Fig. 9.1 shows a horizontal wire PQ placed in the gap between the N pole and the S pole of a
magnet.
N S
Fig. 9.1
There is a current in the wire in the direction P to Q.

A force acts on the current-carrying wire in the magnetic field.
(a) On Fig. 9.1, draw
(i) an arrow, labelled M to show the direction of the magnetic field in the gap between the
poles of the magnet, [1]
(ii) an arrow, labelled F to show the direction of the force on the current-carrying wire due to
the magnetic field of the magnet. [1]
(b) State the effect of reversing the direction of the current in wire PQ.
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) The magnet is removed and the horizontal, current-carrying wire is left on its own, as shown
in Fig. 9.2.
Fig. 9.2
(i) On Fig. 9.2, sketch the pattern of the magnetic field due to the current in the wire.
Indicate the field direction. [3]
(ii) The current in PQ is increased.
State the effect of this change in current on the magnetic field.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
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17
(d) A small magnet is placed at a point where the magnetic field is vertically upwards. State the
direction of the force on the S pole of the small magnet.
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 8]

18
10 (a) In the space, draw the standard symbol for a light-emitting diode (LED).
[1]
(b) Table 10.1 shows the truth table for a logic gate.
Table 10.1
input 1 input 2 output

0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
State the name of the logic gate which has this truth table.
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) It is possible to connect together the two inputs of the gate in (b).
Using two or more of the logic gates in (b), design a circuit with two inputs and one output
which has the truth table shown in Table 10.2.
Table 10.2
input 1 input 2 intermediate point, X output

0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
(i) Draw your circuit in the space below.

There is no need to use the symbol for the logic gate. Boxes with the two inputs and one
output are sufficient.
[2]
(ii) Label an intermediate point of your circuit with the letter X. Complete the table with the
logic levels for this point in the blank column of the table. [1]
[Total: 5]
© UCLES 2017 0625/42/M/J/17
19
11 (a) The arrows in Fig. 11.1 represent the paths of three α-particles moving towards gold nuclei in
a thin foil. The gold nuclei are shown as shaded circles.
Fig. 11.1
On Fig. 11.1, complete the paths of the three α-particles. [3]

20
(b) Fig. 11.2 shows a geologist holding a radiation detector near a rock.
radiation
detector
rock
Fig. 11.2
She holds the detector in a fixed position and records the readings shown in Table 11.1.
Table 11.1
time / minutes 0 1 2 3 4 5
detector reading
16 14 17 13 17 15
counts / minute
Explain the changes in the detector readings.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) A technician is handling a solid radioactive sample that emits α-particles and β-particles.
The technician wears thick rubber gloves.
Explain why this may provide some protection from the radiation, but it is not sufficient
protection.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 7]
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* 0 3 4 2 0 2 1 6 5 1 *
PHYSICS 0625/42
1 hour 15 minutes

DC (LK/FD) 125811/7
2
1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows the axes used to plot distance-time graphs.
distance
0
0 time
Fig. 1.1
On Fig. 1.1, draw graphs for an object that is
(i) moving with constant speed, labelling the graph A,
(ii) moving with decreasing speed, labelling the graph B. [2]
(b) Fig. 1.2 shows the axes used to plot speed-time graphs.
speed
0
0 time
Fig. 1.2
On Fig. 1.2, draw graphs for an object that is
(i) moving with constant acceleration, labelling the graph S,
(ii) moving with increasing acceleration, labelling the graph T. [2]
© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17

3
(c) A plane is at rest on an airport runway. The brakes of the plane are released and the engine
of the plane provides a constant accelerating force.
Using the following data, calculate the take-off speed of the plane. Ignore any resistive forces.
constant forward force = 56 000 N

mass of plane = 16 000 kg
time of travel along runway = 16 s
speed = ...........................................................[4]
[Total: 8]

4
2 (a) Explain why momentum is a vector quantity.
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) The crumple zone at the front of a car is designed to collapse during a collision.
concrete wall
crumple
zone
Fig. 2.1
In a laboratory test, a car of mass 1200 kg is driven into a concrete wall, as shown in Fig. 2.1.
A video recording of the test shows that the car is brought to rest in 0.36 s when it collides
with the wall. The speed of the car before the collision is 7.5 m / s.
Calculate
(i) the change of momentum of the car,
change of momentum = ...........................................................[2]
(ii) the average force acting on the car.
average force = ...........................................................[2]
© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17

5
(c) A different car has a mass of 1500 kg. It collides with the same wall and all of the energy
transferred during the collision is absorbed by the crumple zone.
(i) The energy absorbed by the crumple zone is 4.3 × 105 J. Show that the speed of the car
before the collision is 24 m / s.
[2]
(ii) Suggest what would happen to the car if it is travelling faster than 24 m / s when it hits
the wall.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 8]

6
3 (a) A stationary object is acted upon by a number of forces.
State the conditions which must be true if the object
(i) does not accelerate,
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) does not rotate.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Fig. 3.1 shows a boat that has been lifted out of a river. The boat is suspended by two ropes.
It is stationary.
T1 T2
C P
1.20 m 0.40 m
24 kN
The weight of the boat, acting at the centre of mass, is 24 kN. The tensions in the ropes are
T1 and T2.
Determine
(i) the moment of the weight of the boat about the point P,
moment = ...........................................................[1]
(ii) the tension T1,
T1 = ...........................................................[3]
(iii) the tension T2.
T2 = ...........................................................[2]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17
7
4 Fig. 4.1 shows a Galilean thermometer. This thermometer is used to measure the approximate
temperature of the surrounding air.
bulb E, label: 28 °C
glass cylinder bulb D, label: 26 °C

bulb C, label: 24 °C
bulb B, label: 22 °C
water
bulb A, label: 20 °C
Fig. 4.1
The glass cylinder contains water. When the temperature of the water changes, so does its density.
Each bulb has a label printed with a temperature, as shown in Fig. 4.1. The bulbs have different
densities. At 21 °C, only bulb A is at the bottom of the cylinder.
(a) Explain, in terms of density, why bulb A is at the bottom of the cylinder and the other bulbs are
floating.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) The temperature of the surrounding air increases to a temperature above 23 °C.
(i) Suggest one reason why there is a delay before the temperature of the water increases
to 23 °C.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Explain why, after this delay, bulb B sinks. Assume the bulbs do not expand.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[3]
(c) Bulbs A, B and C are now at the bottom of the cylinder. Bulbs D and E are floating.
State the possible temperature range of the water in the cylinder.
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 7]
8
5 (a) (i) State two ways in which evaporation is different from boiling.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Give one example of a change of state which does not involve boiling or evaporation.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) The graph in Fig. 5.1 shows the variation of temperature with time for a substance that is
initially liquid.
temperature
A
B
time
Fig. 5.1
(i) State what is taking place at points A, B and C. You should say what changes of state, if
any, are taking place.
point A ...............................................................................................................................
point B ................................................................................................................................
point C ...............................................................................................................................
[3]
(ii) Suggest why the graph is steeper at point C than at point A.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17

9
6 Fig. 6.1 shows apparatus that is used to demonstrate some effects of the transfer of energy by
radiation.
glass bulb
painted heater shiny
matt black glass bulb
glass tube glass tube
air air
liquid
Fig. 6.1
The glass bulb painted matt black, the shiny glass bulb and the spaces above the liquid in the tube
all contain air.
The heater glows red when switched on. The heater is the same distance from each bulb.
(a) State the two types of radiation that are emitted by the heater.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[1]
(b) Before the heater is switched on, the liquid levels in the glass tube are the same.
State and explain any changes in the liquid levels that take place when the heater is
switched on.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[4]
[Total: 5]

10
7 Fig. 7.1 shows an object and its image formed by a converging lens. One ray from the tip of the
object to the tip of the image is shown.
Fig. 7.1 is drawn full size.
lens
object
image
Fig. 7.1
(a) Place a tick (3) in all boxes that correctly describe the image.
diminished
enlarged
inverted
upright
real
virtual
[2]
(b) On Fig. 7.1, draw a ray, passing through a principal focus of the lens, from the tip of the object
to the tip of the image. Label the principal focus F. [1]
(c) Use the ray you have drawn in (b) to determine the focal length of the lens.
focal length = ...........................................................[1]
(d) Draw another ray, not passing through a principal focus of the lens, that passes from the tip
of the object to the tip of the image. [1]
[Total: 5]
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11
8 (a) A transformer consists of two coils of wire wound on a core.
(i) Suggest the material from which the two coils are made. State the reason for using this
material.
material ..............................................................................................................................
reason ................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Suggest the material from which the core is made. State the reason for using this
material.
material ..............................................................................................................................
reason ................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Fig. 8.1 represents the system of transmission of electrical energy from a power station to a
home that is a long distance away.
132 kV
transformer X transformer Y
transmission
power cables and
22 kV 240 V
station pylons home
Fig. 8.1
(i) State the difference between transformer X and transformer Y.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Explain why a very high voltage is used for transmission over large distances.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[3]
(iii) Suggest why the voltage for use by a home consumer is 240 V, and not a much higher
value.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 9]
12
9 Fig. 9.1 shows a graph of current against potential difference (p.d.) for a filament lamp.
0.80
current / A
0.60
0.40
0.20
0
0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0
p.d. / V
Fig. 9.1
(a) State what happens to the resistance of the filament of the lamp as the p.d. changes
(i) from 0 V to 1.0 V,
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) from 1.0 V to 8.0 V.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) At normal brightness, the p.d. across the lamp is 8.0 V.
Calculate, for normal brightness,
(i) the resistance of the lamp,
resistance = ...........................................................[3]
(ii) the power of the lamp.
power = ...........................................................[2]
© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17

13
(c) Five of these lamps, operating at normal brightness, are connected in parallel to a power
supply.
power supply
Fig. 9.2
Determine
(i) the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the power supply,
e.m.f. = ...........................................................[1]
(ii) the current from the power supply.
current = ...........................................................[1]
[Total: 9]

14
10 (a) Describe, in terms of particles and the terminals of the battery, the movement of charge in an
electric circuit.
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Fig. 10.1 shows a lightning flash between a cloud and the ground beneath.
cloud
lightning flash
ground
Fig. 10.1
The charge built up on the cloud before the lightning flash is 0.60 C. This charge is completely
transferred to the ground by the lightning flash in 5.0 × 10–5 s (0.000050 s).
(i) Calculate the current between the cloud and the ground.
current = ...........................................................[2]
(ii) The potential difference (p.d.) between the cloud and the ground during the lightning flash is
2.5 × 108 V.
Calculate the energy transferred during the lightning flash.
energy = ...........................................................[2]
(iii) Suggest what happens to the energy calculated in (b)(ii).
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17

15
11 A radioactive source is placed 20 mm from a radiation detector, as shown in Fig. 11.1.
lead
source
narrow beam detector
of radiation
20 mm
The initial count rate recorded by the detector is 150 counts / s.
A sheet of paper is placed between the source and the detector. The count rate recorded by the
detector falls to 60 counts / s.
With the paper still in place, a magnetic field is set up perpendicular to the direction of the radiation.
The count rate recorded by the detector falls to 20 counts / s.
The count rates have not been corrected for background. The background count is measured as
20 counts / s.
(a) State the evidence that each type of radiation is present in, or absent from, the radiation
emitted by the source.
α-particles .................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
β-particles .................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
γ-rays ........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[5]

16
(b) Determine how much of the original count rate of 150 counts / s, if any, is due to each type of
radiation.
α-particles ................................................ counts / s
β-particles ................................................ counts / s
γ-rays ................................................ counts / s

[2]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2017 0625/42/F/M/17

* 1 7 8 5 8 2 3 7 0 6 *
PHYSICS 0625/42
1 hour 15 minutes

This document consists of 19 printed pages and 1 blank page.
DC (NF/AR) 116042/5
2
1 Fig. 1.1 shows a student travelling down a hill in an unpowered vehicle.
Fig. 1.1
Fig. 1.2 is part of the speed-time graph for the vehicle travelling down the hill.
8 C
speed
m/s
6
4 B
A
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
time / s
Fig. 1.2
(a) (i) State how the graph shows that the acceleration is constant between A and B.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Calculate the acceleration between A and B.
acceleration = .......................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16

3
(iii) Describe how the acceleration changes between B and C.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Use Fig. 1.2 to obtain an approximate value for the distance travelled by the vehicle in the first
10 s, as shown on the graph.
distance = .......................................................... [4]
[Total: 8]

4
2 (a) (i) State an expression for the kinetic energy of an object of mass m that is moving with a
speed v.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) State and explain whether kinetic energy is a scalar quantity or a vector quantity.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Fig. 2.1 shows two fairground “bumper” cars.
stationary moving
empty car car
50 kg 2.5 m / s 200 kg
springs
Fig. 2.1
The car with passengers, of total mass 200 kg, is moving in a straight line. It is travelling at
2.5 m / s when it hits a stationary empty car of mass 50 kg.
After the collision, the empty car moves forwards in the same direction at a speed of 4.0 m / s.
For the car with passengers, determine
(i) its momentum when it is travelling at 2.5 m / s,
momentum = .......................................................... [2]
(ii) the speed and direction of its motion immediately after the collision.
speed = ...............................................................
direction: ...............................................................
[3]
© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16

5
(iii) Fixed to the front and the back of the cars are large springs.
When the cars collide the springs compress.
The total kinetic energy of the cars after the collision is equal to the total kinetic energy
before the collision.
Describe the energy transfers that occur as the cars collide and then separate.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 9]

6
3 Fig. 3.1 shows a mercury barometer correctly set up to measure the atmospheric pressure in
mm Hg (millimetres of mercury).
tube
mercury
dish
Fig. 3.1
(a) (i) State what is in the space labelled P.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) On Fig. 3.1, mark carefully the length which gives the atmospheric pressure. [1]
(iii) The tube containing mercury is pushed further down into the dish.
State what happens, if anything, to the vertical distance between the mercury surface in
the tube and the mercury surface in the dish.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Another barometer is set up incorrectly. The space P contains some air which exerts a
pressure equivalent to 15 mm Hg. The true atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg.
(i) Calculate the reading of atmospheric pressure given by the barometer.
reading = ............................................. mm Hg [1]
© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16

7
(ii) The tube is now pushed down into the dish so that the volume of the space P is reduced
from 12.0 cm3 to 4.0 cm3.
Calculate the new reading of atmospheric pressure given by the barometer.
reading = ............................................. mm Hg [4]
[Total: 8]

8
4 A small wind turbine drives a generator to provide electricity for an isolated village.
(a) The decrease in kinetic energy of the wind striking the turbine is 16 200 J every second. The
output of the generator is 23 A at 240 V.
Calculate the efficiency of the turbine and generator.
efficiency = .......................................................... [4]
(b) When electrical energy is not required, the generator charges batteries that then provide
electricity during periods of no wind.
State the term used to describe the energy stored in the batteries.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) The use of wind turbines on a large scale has environmental and economic impacts.
Describe one environmental impact and one economic impact.
environmental ............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
economic ...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[2]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16

9
5 (a) State a comparison of
(i) the arrangement of the molecules in ice and in liquid water,
ice ......................................................................................................................................
liquid water ........................................................................................................................

[1]
(ii) the movement of the molecules of ice and liquid water.
ice ......................................................................................................................................
liquid water ........................................................................................................................

[1]
(b) The mass of the ice on an ice-hockey rink is 51 000 kg.
(i) The density of ice is 920 kg / m3.
Calculate the volume of ice on the rink.
volume = .......................................................... [2]
(ii) To form the ice, water at 0 °C was poured onto the floor of the rink and then frozen. The
specific latent heat of fusion of ice is 3.3 × 105 J / kg.
Calculate the quantity of energy removed from the water to form this ice at 0 °C.
energy = .......................................................... [2]
(c) The temperature of the ice is monitored by a thermometer made up of wires of two different
metals connected to a remote voltmeter. The junction of the two wires is embedded in the ice.
State the name of this type of thermometer.
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 7]

10
6 (a) (i) The pitch of a sound wave increases.
Tick one box to indicate the change that occurs.
amplitude decreases
amplitude increases
frequency decreases
frequency increases
[1]
(ii) The loudness of a sound wave increases.
Tick one box to indicate the change that occurs.
amplitude decreases
amplitude increases
frequency decreases
frequency increases
[1]
(b) Fig. 6.1 shows an astronaut and a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon, where there is no
atmosphere.
Fig. 6.1
A piece of machinery within the spacecraft produces a loud sound of frequency 12 kHz.
Tick the one box that indicates the reason why the astronaut cannot hear this sound.
The material of the space suit is soundproof.
Sound cannot travel through a vacuum.
Sound of frequency 12 kHz cannot travel through the air in the spacesuit.
Sound of frequency 12 kHz cannot be heard by any human ear.

[1]
© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16

11
(c) Some training for space travel is carried out under water.
(i) State an approximate value for the speed of sound in water.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Calculate the wavelength in water of a sound wave of frequency 12 kHz.
wavelength = .......................................................... [2]
(d) Fig. 6.2 shows successive crests of a water wave approaching a narrow gap in a barrier.
direction of travel of wave
gap
barrier barrier
Fig. 6.2
On Fig. 6.2, draw three crests of the wave that have just passed through the gap in the barrier.
[3]
[Total: 9]

13
7 (a) In the space below, draw the circuit symbol for a thermistor.
[1]
(b) Fig. 7.1 shows the connections between two logic gates.
A D
B
E
C
Fig. 7.1
Complete the truth table of this combination of logic gates.
inputs intermediate output

point
A B C D E
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1
[3]
(c) In the space below, draw a truth table to show the action of a NOT gate.
[2]
[Total: 6]

14
8 A student draws a diagram to represent the electromagnetic spectrum.
Fig. 8.1 is the student’s diagram.
visible light
gamma-rays X-rays ultrasound infra-red microwaves earthquake

radiation radiation waves
increasing wavelength
Fig. 8.1
The student has made two mistakes.
(a) On Fig. 8.1, cross out what is wrong and correct the diagram. [2]
(b) The speed of light in an optical fibre is 2.0 × 108 m / s.
(i) State the speed of light in a vacuum.
speed of light = .......................................................... [1]
(ii) For light in the material from which the optical fibre is made, calculate
1. the refractive index,
refractive index = .......................................................... [2]
2. the critical angle.
critical angle = .......................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16

15
(iii) Fig. 8.2 shows a section of the optical fibre.
ray
optical
fibre
Fig. 8.2
Light is travelling in the optical fibre.
State the full name of the process that takes place each time the light changes direction.
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 8]

16
9 Fig. 9.1 is a circuit diagram.
60 1
55 1
30 1
Fig. 9.1
The circuit consists of three resistors and three identical 1.5 V cells.
(a) State the total electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the three 1.5 V cells in series.
total e.m.f. = .......................................................... [1]
(b) Calculate
(i) the combined resistance of the resistors in parallel,
resistance = .......................................................... [2]
(ii) the total resistance of the circuit,
resistance = .......................................................... [1]
(iii) the current in the 55 Ω resistor.
current = .......................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16

17
(c) The currents in the 30 Ω, the 55 Ω and the 60 Ω resistors are all different.
State the resistance of the resistor in which the current is
(i) the largest,
resistance = .......................................................... [1]
(ii) the smallest.
resistance = .......................................................... [1]
[Total: 8]

18
10 (a) The size of the charge on an electron is e. Since the charge on an electron is negative, it is
written –e.
Complete the table by writing down the charges, in terms of e, on the particles and radioactive
emissions shown.
particle charge
proton
neutron
α-particle
β-particle
γ-ray
[3]
(b) Fig. 10.1 shows a radioactive source emitting α-particles, β-particles and γ-rays into a vacuum
tube.
N pole of
vacuum
strong magnet
radioactive N
source
S
block of lead
with hole
S pole of
tube
strong magnet
Fig. 10.1
The block of lead ensures that the radiation is in a narrow beam when it passes between the
poles of the magnet.
State the direction of any deflection of
(i) the α-particles,
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16

19
(ii) the β-particles,
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) the γ-rays.
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 6]

20
11 A radioactive nuclide has a half-life of 4.0 days. A sample contains 9.6 × 108 atoms of the nuclide.
(a) Calculate the number of atoms of the nuclide remaining after 12 days.
number = .......................................................... [2]
(b) The count rate from the sample is measured in a laboratory where the background count rate
is 16 counts / minute.
A detector is placed at a fixed distance from the sample. The initial count rate measured by
the detector is 160 counts / minute.
Calculate the count rate measured by the detector after 12 days.
count rate = .......................................................... [2]
[Total: 4]
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable
effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will
be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
© UCLES 2016 0625/42/O/N/16

PHYSICS 0625/42
*6573684646*

1 hour 15 minutes

2
Take the weight of 1.0 kg to be 10 N (acceleration of free fall = 10 m / s ).
06_0625_42_2016_1.11
2
1 (a) An object is moving in a straight line at constant speed. A force is applied to the object.
State the possible changes in the motion of the object.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Fig. 1.1 shows a skier taking part in a speed competition. The winner of the competition has
the highest average speed over the 100 m section shown in Fig. 1.1.
start
skier
100 m
Fig. 1.1
(i) The skier starts from rest and has a constant acceleration. He reaches a speed of
60 m / s in 16 s.
Calculate the skier’s acceleration.
acceleration = ................................................................. [2]
© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11

3
(ii) Over the length of the 100 m section, the time recorded is 1.85 s.
Calculate the skier’s average speed over the section.
average speed = ................................................................. [2]
(iii) Suggest why the skier bends his body, as shown in Fig. 1.1.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11 [Turn over

4
2 Fig. 2.1 shows two railway trucks on a track.
5.0 m / s
buffer truck B truck A

5000 kg 6000 kg track
Fig. 2.1
Truck A of mass 6000 kg is moving at 5.0 m / s. It is approaching truck B of mass 5000 kg, which is
stationary.
(a) Calculate the momentum of truck A.
momentum = ................................................................. [2]
(b) The trucks collide, their buffers compress and then they bounce off each other, remaining
undamaged.
After the collision, truck B has a momentum of 27 000 kg m / s.
(i) Determine the impulse applied to truck B.
impulse = ................................................................. [2]
(ii) The trucks are in contact for 0.60 s.
Calculate the average force on truck B.
force = ................................................................. [2]
© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11

5
(iii) Calculate the final speed of truck A.
speed = ................................................................. [3]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11 [Turn over

6
3 Fig. 3.1 shows a cabin used to transport passengers up a hillside.
NOT TO
SCALE C
drive pulley
connected to
electric motor
pulley 50 m
cable
pulley A B
pulley
cabin
support cabin
Fig. 3.1
The cabin is attached to a cable which moves horizontally from A to B, then up the hill from B to C.
(a) There is an electrical input of energy to the motor which moves the cable.
Place two ticks against types of energy that increase as the cabin moves horizontally at
constant speed from A to B.
kinetic energy of the cabin
gravitational potential energy of the cabin
gravitational potential energy of the cable
internal energy of the surroundings
internal energy of the wires of the motor

[2]
(b) The cabin and passengers have a total mass of 800 kg. The vertical distance between
B and C is 50 m.
Calculate the increase of gravitational potential energy of the cabin and passengers when they
move from B to C.
energy = ................................................................. [2]
© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11

7
(c) The cabin then descends back from C to B.
The weight of the cabin pulls the cable, which rotates the motor. The electric motor acts as a
generator when rotated in this way.
Explain the environmental and economic benefits of this arrangement.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11 [Turn over

8
4 An archaeologist is investigating a shipwreck and discovers a wooden box on the seabed.
surface of sea
NOT TO
SCALE
15 m
lid
wooden box
0.80 m
1.2 m
Fig. 4.1
The dimensions of the lid of the box are 1.2 m by 0.80 m and the pressure of the atmosphere
5
is 1.0 × 10 Pa. The lid is 15 m below the surface of the sea.
3
(a) The density of sea-water is 1020 kg / m .
Calculate
(i) the pressure on the lid of the box due to the sea-water,
pressure = ................................................................. [2]
(ii) the total pressure on the lid,
pressure = ................................................................. [1]
© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11

9
(iii) the downward force that the total pressure produces on the lid.
force = ................................................................. [2]
(b) The force needed to open the lid is not equal to the value calculated in (a)(iii).
Suggest two reasons for this.
1. .......................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2. .......................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11 [Turn over

10
5 Two pans containing water are placed on the hotplates of an electric cooker, as shown in Fig. 5.1.
large pan
small pan
hotplates
Fig. 5.1
The hotplates are switched on and the temperature of the water in the pans starts to increase.
When the temperature of the water is below 100 °C, some water is evaporating. At 100 °C, the
water starts to boil and its temperature remains constant.
(a) State and explain which pan has the greater rate of evaporation of water when both pans of
water are at the same temperature.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Apart from the temperature at which it occurs, state how boiling differs from evaporation.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) When the water is boiling, thermal energy is being supplied to the water at a rate of 920 W.
(i) Explain the effect on the molecules of the thermal energy supplied.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [2]
© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11

11
6
(ii) The specific latent heat of vaporisation of water is 2.3 × 10 J / kg.
Calculate the mass of water that boils away in 5.0 minutes.
mass = ................................................................. [3]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11 [Turn over

12
6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows a protractor superimposed on the path of a ray of light. The light is travelling in
glass towards the boundary with air.
air
180 170 1
170 180
0
10 0
glass
10
20
60
160
20
15
3 0
0
0
30
15
14
40
0
0 13
40
4
1 50 01
0 60 20 50
0 13 110
80 7 20 00 1 60
1 90 70
10
100 1 80
incident ray
Fig. 6.1
(i) Use the protractor to measure the angle of incidence of the ray of light at the boundary
with the air.
angle of incidence = ................................................................. [1]
(ii) The refractive index of the glass is 1.56.
Calculate the angle of refraction in the air.
angle of refraction = ................................................................. [3]
(b) (i) State what is meant by critical angle.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ [1]
© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11

13
(ii) Calculate the critical angle of light in glass of refractive index 1.56.
critical angle = ................................................................. [2]
(c) Fig. 6.2 shows a water wave crossing a boundary from shallow water to deep water.
new wave
direction
original
wave
direction
deep
water
shallow
water
Fig. 6.2
(i) Name the process that takes place at the boundary between the shallow water and the
deep water.
................................................................................................................................ [1]
(ii) Tick one box corresponding to the property of the wave that is the same in the shallow
water as in the deep water.
amplitude
frequency
speed
wavelength
[1]
[Total: 9]
© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11 [Turn over

14
7 (a) Describe the use of X-rays in a security application. Include a diagram.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [3]
© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11

15
(b) Draw a straight line from each wave to the most appropriate speed.
300 m / s
(3 × 102)
radio waves 6000 m / s

in air (6 × 103)
1 000 000 m / s
(1 × 106)
ultrasound
in air
300 000 000 m / s
(3 × 108)
X-rays in 60 000 000 000 m / s

a vacuum (6 × 1010)
1 000 000 000 000 m / s

(1 × 1012)
[3]
[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11 [Turn over

16
8 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows a coil wound around a steel bar that is initially unmagnetised.
Any appropriate power supply can be connected between the terminals A and B. No other
apparatus is available.
steel bar
A B
Fig. 8.1
Describe
• how the steel bar can be magnetised,

• how the steel bar can then be demagnetised.
magnetised: ......................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
demagnetised: ..................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [4]
© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11

17
(b) Fig. 8.2 shows a transformer.
240 V
P S lamp
mains
Fig. 8.2
A 240 V mains supply is connected to the primary coil P. The voltage across the secondary
coil S is 12 V. A lamp, in series with a 3.0 A fuse, is connected to S.
The number of turns in the coils of the transformer is not shown accurately in Fig. 8.2.
Predict, with a suitable calculation, whether the fuse blows when there is a current of 0.20 A
in the primary coil.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11 [Turn over

18
9 Fig. 9.1 shows a conducting ball that oscillates between two charged plates.
clamp
insulating
thread
positive plate
negative plate
ball
+ –
very high sensitive

voltage supply ammeter
Fig. 9.1
The ball repeatedly strikes each plate in turn.
(a) Explain, in terms of the charge on the ball, why the ball moves to the positive plate after striking
the negative plate.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) State which particles move through the sensitive ammeter and the direction in which they
move.
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11

19
-10
(c) For each complete oscillation of the ball moving between the plates, a charge of 8.5 × 10 C
is transferred from one plate to the other. The frequency of oscillation is 4.0 Hz.
Calculate the current shown on the sensitive ammeter.
current = ................................................................. [3]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11 [Turn over

20
10 Fig. 10.1 shows part of the circuit of a hair-dryer with a 240 V a.c. supply.
240 V
A
X
B
C
Y Z
Fig. 10.1
The switch can be in one of three positions:
• position A: off (as shown),

• position B: low heater power,
• position C: high heater power.
All three heaters X, Y and Z each have a power of 1000 W when used in this hair-dryer.
Heaters Y and Z have equal resistances.
Calculate
(a) the resistance of heater X,
resistance = ................................................................. [2]
(b) the resistance of heater Y,
resistance = ................................................................. [1]
© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11

21
(c) the current in heater Z when the switch is in position C.
current = ................................................................. [2]
[Total: 5]
© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11 [Turn over

22
11 Radon-220 is a radioactive isotope.
(a) The nuclide notation for radon-220 is Rn.
Describe the composition of a neutral atom of radon-220.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [3]
(b) A nucleus of radon-220 decays to an isotope of polonium (Po) by emitting an alpha particle.
Complete the nuclide equation for the decay of radon-220.
220
86Rn
→ ...........
...........
α + ...........
...........
Po
[3]
(c) A detector of radiation is placed near a sample of radon-220 and gives a reading of
720 counts / s. The half-life of radon-220 is 55 s.
Calculate the reading after 220 s. Ignore background radiation.
reading = ................................................................. [2]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2016 06_0625_42_2016_1.11

* 7 0 3 2 6 3 3 3 7 5 *
PHYSICS 0625/42
1 hour 15 minutes

DC (ST/SG) 107601/3
2
1 A driving instructor gives a student a sudden order to stop the car in the shortest possible time.
Fig. 1.1 shows the speed-time graph of the motion of the car from the moment the order is given.
30
speed
m/s
20
10
0
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
time t / s
Fig. 1.1
(a) The order to stop is given at time t = 0 s.
(i) State the speed of the car at t = 0 s.
speed = ...........................................................[1]
(ii) Suggest why the car continues to travel at this speed for 0.9 s.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Calculate
(i) the deceleration of the car between t = 0.9 s and t = 4.0 s,
deceleration = ...........................................................[2]
(ii) the total distance travelled by the car from t = 0 s.
distance = ...........................................................[3]
© UCLES 2016 0625/42/F/M/16

3
(c) Describe and explain a danger to a driver of not wearing a safety belt during a sudden stop.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 9]

4
2 Fig. 2.1 shows a hammer being used to drive a nail into a piece of wood.
hammer head
nail
wood
Fig. 2.1
The mass of the hammer head is 0.15 kg.

The speed of the hammer head when it hits the nail is 8.0 m / s.
The time for which the hammer head is in contact with the nail is 0.0015 s.
The hammer head stops after hitting the nail.
(a) Calculate the change in momentum of the hammer head.
change in momentum = ...........................................................[2]
(b) State the impulse given to the nail.
impulse = ...........................................................[1]
(c) Calculate the average force between the hammer and the nail.
average force = ...........................................................[2]
[Total: 5]
© UCLES 2016 0625/42/F/M/16

5
3 (a) (i) On Fig. 3.1, draw a graph of extension against load for a spring which obeys Hooke’s law.
[1]
extension
0
0 load
Fig. 3.1
(ii) State the word used to describe the energy stored in a spring that has been stretched or
compressed.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Fig. 3.2 shows a model train, travelling at speed v, approaching a buffer.
model train
buffer
spring
Fig. 3.2
The train, of mass 2.5 kg, is stopped by compressing a spring in the buffer. After the train has
stopped, the energy stored in the spring is 0.48 J.
Calculate the initial speed v of the train.
v = ...........................................................[4]
[Total: 6]

6
4 (a) The source of solar energy is the Sun.
Tick the box next to those resources for which the Sun is also the source of energy.
coal
geothermal
hydroelectric
nuclear
wind [2]
(b) Fig. 4.1 shows a solar water-heating panel on the roof of a house.
copper tubes,
painted black
roof
Fig. 4.1
Cold water flows into the copper tubes, which are heated by solar radiation. Hot water flows
out of the tubes and is stored in a tank.
(i) Explain why the tubes are made of copper and are painted black.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) In 5.0 s, 0.019 kg of water flows through the tubes. The temperature of the water increases
from 20 °C to 72 °C. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J / (kg °C).
Calculate the thermal energy gained by the water in 5.0 s.
thermal energy = ...........................................................[3]
© UCLES 2016 0625/42/F/M/16

7
(iii) The efficiency of the solar panel is 70%.
Calculate the power of the solar radiation incident on the panel.
power = ...........................................................[2]
[Total: 9]

8
5 (a) A student carries out an experiment to find the relationship between the pressure p and the
volume V of a fixed mass of gas. The table contains four of her sets of measurements.
p / kPa 250 500 750 1000
V / cm3 30.0 15.2 9.8 7.6
(i) Use the data in the table to suggest the relationship between the pressure and the
volume in this experiment. Explain how you reach your conclusion.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) State the property of the gas, apart from the mass, that remains constant during the
experiment.
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) A lake is 5.0 m deep. The density of the water is 1000 kg / m3.
(i) Calculate the pressure at the bottom of the lake due to this depth of water.
pressure = ...........................................................[2]
(ii) A bubble of gas escapes from the mud at the bottom of the lake and rises to the surface.
Place one tick in each row of the table to indicate what happens to the volume, the mass
and the density of the gas in the bubble. Assume that no gas or water vapour enters or
leaves the bubble.
increases stays the same decreases
volume of bubble
mass of gas in bubble
density of gas in bubble

[2]
[Total: 7]
© UCLES 2016 0625/42/F/M/16

9
6 (a) Fig. 6.1 represents the waveform of a sound wave. The wave is travelling at constant speed.
displacement
of particles
distance
along wave
Fig. 6.1
(i) On Fig. 6.1,
1. label with the letter X the marked distance corresponding to the amplitude of the
wave, [1]
2. label with the letter Y the marked distance corresponding to the wavelength of the
wave. [1]
(ii) State what happens to the amplitude and the wavelength of the wave if
1. the loudness of the sound is increased at constant pitch,
amplitude ...................................................................................................................
wavelength .................................................................................................................
[1]
2. the pitch of the sound is increased at constant loudness.
amplitude ...................................................................................................................
wavelength .................................................................................................................
[1]
(b) A ship uses pulses of sound to measure the depth of the sea beneath the ship. A sound pulse
is transmitted into the sea and the echo from the sea-bed is received after 54 ms. The speed
of sound in seawater is 1500 m / s.
Calculate the depth of the sea beneath the ship.
depth = ...........................................................[3]
[Total: 7]
10
7 (a) Explain what is meant by
(i) total internal reflection,
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) critical angle.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Fig. 7.1 shows a ray of light, travelling in air, incident on a glass prism.
60°
30°
Fig. 7.1
(i) The speed of light in air is 3.0 × 108 m / s. Its speed in the glass is 2.0 × 108 m / s.
Calculate the refractive index of the glass.
refractive index = ...........................................................[2]
© UCLES 2016 0625/42/F/M/16

11
(ii) Show that the critical angle for the glass-air boundary is 42°.
[1]
(iii) On Fig. 7.1, draw carefully, without calculation, the continuation of the ray through the
prism and into the air. [3]
[Total: 8]

12
8 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows 3 lamps and a fuse connected to a power supply.
220 V
Fig. 8.1
The e.m.f. of the supply is 220 V. Each lamp is labelled 220 V, 40 W. The rating of the fuse is
2.0 A.
Calculate
(i) the current in each lamp,
current = ...........................................................[2]
(ii) the current in the fuse,
current = ...........................................................[1]
(iii) the total number of lamps, all in parallel, that could be connected without blowing the
fuse.
number = ...........................................................[2]
© UCLES 2016 0625/42/F/M/16

13
(b) After a very long period of use, the wire filament of one of the lamps becomes thinner.
(i) Underline the effect of this change on the resistance of the filament.
resistance increases resistance remains the same resistance decreases [1]
(ii) State and explain the effect of this change on the power of the lamp.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 8]

14
9 (a) (i) State what is meant by the direction of an electric field.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Fig. 9.1 shows a pair of oppositely-charged horizontal metal plates with the top plate
positive.
+ + + + + + + + + + + + +
– – – – – – – – – – – – –
Fig. 9.1
The electric field between the plates in Fig. 9.1 is uniform.
Draw lines on Fig. 9.1 to represent this uniform field. Add arrows to these lines to show
the direction of the field. [3]
(b) Fig. 9.2 shows a very small negatively-charged oil drop in the air between a pair of oppositely
charged horizontal metal plates. The oil drop does not move up or down.
oil drop
–
Fig. 9.2
(i) Suggest, in terms of forces, why the oil drop does not move up or down.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) Without losing any of its charge, the oil drop begins to evaporate.
State and explain what happens to the oil drop.
...........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 8]
© UCLES 2016 0625/42/F/M/16

15
131
10 (a) An iodine isotope 53 I decays by β-emission to an isotope of xenon (Xe).
131
(i) State the number of each type of particle in a neutral atom of 53 I.
protons ......................... neutrons ......................... electrons ......................... [2]
(ii) State the symbol, in nuclide notation, for the xenon nucleus.
.......................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) The background count rate of radioactivity in a laboratory is 30 counts / min.
A radioactive sample has a half-life of 50 minutes. The sample is placed at a fixed distance
from a detector. The detector measures an initial count rate from the sample, including
background, of 310 counts / min.
On Fig. 10.1, plot suitable points and draw a graph of the count rate from the sample,
corrected for background, as it changes with time.
300
corrected
count rate
counts / min
200
100
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
time / min
Fig. 10.1
[3]
[Total: 7]

16
11 (a) (i) Fig. 11.1 shows the symbol for a logic gate and its truth table.
input A input B output

A 0 0 0
output 1 0 0
B 0 1 0
1 1 1
Fig. 11.1
State the name of this logic gate. ............................................................[1]
(ii) Complete the truth table for the logic gate shown in Fig. 11.2.
input A input B output

A 0 0
output 1 0
B 0 1
1 1
Fig. 11.2
[2]
(b) Fig. 11.3 shows the system of logic gates used to ensure the security of the strongroom of a
bank.
A
B D
C
E
Fig. 11.3
The strongroom door will only open when the output F is logic 1.
Complete the table to show the logic states at A, B, C, D and E when the strongroom door
can be opened.
input A input B input C output D output E output F
1
[3]
[Total: 6]
© UCLES 2016 0625/42/F/M/16

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This document has 16 pages.

(a) (i) Calculate the acceleration of the car.

acceleration = ......................................................... [2]

(ii) Explain in words what is meant by the term acceleration.

(b) The car travels at 13.0 m / s from t = 3.2 s to t = 12.0 s.

distance = ......................................................... [2]

Suggest and explain what causes the stopping distance to increase.

© UCLES 2023 0625/42/O/N/23 [Turn over

hot air blows

(ii) The air is cooled as it passes through the condenser.

© UCLES 2023 0625/42/O/N/23

© UCLES 2023 0625/42/O/N/23 [Turn over

hollow straw fixed to balloon

As the air leaves the balloon, the balloon experiences a force.

(i) Explain in words what is meant by the term impulse.

(ii) Calculate the resultant impulse on the balloon while it is accelerating.

impulse = ......................................................... [3]

(iii) Explain how momentum is conserved as the balloon accelerates.

© UCLES 2023 0625/42/O/N/23

Fig. 3.2 (not to scale)

direction relative to horizontal force ...............................................................

(ii) The lid is removed from the bottle.

© UCLES 2023 0625/42/O/N/23

thermal energy = ......................................................... [2]

pressure difference = ......................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2023 0625/42/O/N/23 [Turn over

© UCLES 2023 0625/42/O/N/23

On Fig. 5.4, show how long-sightedness is corrected by:

• adding a suitable lens in front of the eye

© UCLES 2023 0625/42/O/N/23 [Turn over

6 Fig. 6.1 shows the circuit diagram for a flashlight (torch).

(a) Calculate the potential difference (p.d.) across the LED.

p.d. = ......................................................... [2]

(c) The chemical energy stored in the battery is 1050 J.

Show that the flashlight operates for approximately 3 h.

charge = ......................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2023 0625/42/O/N/23

use of electromagnetic region of electromagnetic

Bluetooth headset gamma rays

thermal imaging radio waves

sterilising medical visible light

(b) State the speed of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum.

speed = ......................................................... [1]

(i) The headset uses frequencies in the range 2.40–2.48 GHz.

wavelength = ......................................................... [3]

© UCLES 2023 0625/42/O/N/23 [Turn over

8 The isotope uranium-235 is represented by

(b) Uranium-235 is a fuel used in nuclear reactors.

(ii) A nuclide equation for this process is

© UCLES 2023 0625/42/O/N/23

planet mass average orbital gravitational field strength at surface

Earth 5.97 149.6 365.2 9.8

Jupiter 1898 778.6 4331 23.1

X 4.87 108.2 224.7 8.9

(a) State the name of planet X.