Important String Library Functions in Java

1. length()

●​ Description: Returns the length of the string.

Example:​
java​
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String str = "Hello";
System.out.println(str.length()); // Output: 5

●​

2. charAt(int index)

●​ Description: Returns the character at the specified index.

Example:​
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String str = "Hello";
System.out.println(str.charAt(1)); // Output: e

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3. substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex)

●​ Description: Returns a substring from beginIndex (inclusive) to endIndex

(exclusive).

Example:​
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String str = "Hello World";
System.out.println(str.substring(0, 5)); // Output: Hello

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4. contains(CharSequence sequence)

●​ Description: Checks if the string contains the specified sequence.

Example:​
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String str = "Hello World";
System.out.println(str.contains("World")); // Output: true

●​

5. toLowerCase() and toUpperCase()

●​ Description: Converts the string to lowercase or uppercase.

Example:​
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String str = "Hello World";
System.out.println(str.toLowerCase()); // Output: hello world
System.out.println(str.toUpperCase()); // Output: HELLO WORLD

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6. trim()

●​ Description: Removes leading and trailing whitespace from the string.

Example:​
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String str = " Hello World ";
System.out.println(str.trim()); // Output: Hello World

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7. equals() and equalsIgnoreCase()

●​ Description: Compares two strings for equality, case-sensitive (equals()) or

case-insensitive (equalsIgnoreCase()).

Example:​
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String str1 = "Hello";
String str2 = "hello";
System.out.println(str1.equals(str2)); // Output: false
System.out.println(str1.equalsIgnoreCase(str2)); // Output: true

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8. replace(char oldChar, char newChar)

●​ Description: Replaces occurrences of a character with another character.

Example:​
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String str = "Hello World";
System.out.println(str.replace('o', 'a')); // Output: Hella Warld

●​

9. split(String regex)

●​ Description: Splits the string around matches of the regex.

Example:​
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String str = "Java is fun";
String[] words = str.split(" ");
for (String word : words) {
System.out.println(word);
}
// Output:
// Java
// is
// fun

●​

10. indexOf() and lastIndexOf()

●​ Description: Finds the first or last occurrence of a character or substring.

Example:​
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String str = "Hello World";
System.out.println(str.indexOf('o')); // Output: 4
System.out.println(str.lastIndexOf('o')); // Output: 7

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Frequently Asked String Interview Questions

1. Reverse a String

Problem: Write a program to reverse a string without using the reverse function. Solution:

java
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public class ReverseString {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "Interview";
StringBuilder reversed = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = str.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
reversed.append(str.charAt(i));
}
System.out.println("Reversed String: " + reversed);
}
}

2. Check if Two Strings are Anagrams

Problem: Write a program to check if two strings are anagrams.​

Solution:

java
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import java.util.Arrays;

public class AnagramCheck {

public static void main(String[] args) {
String str1 = "listen";
String str2 = "silent";

char[] arr1 = str1.toCharArray();

char[] arr2 = str2.toCharArray();
 Arrays.sort(arr1);
Arrays.sort(arr2);

if (Arrays.equals(arr1, arr2)) {
System.out.println("The strings are anagrams.");
} else {
System.out.println("The strings are not anagrams.");
}
}
}

3. Count the Frequency of Characters in a String

Problem: Write a program to count the frequency of each character in a string.​

Solution:

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import java.util.HashMap;

public class CharFrequency {

public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "hello world";
HashMap<Character, Integer> freq = new HashMap<>();

for (char c : str.toCharArray()) {

freq.put(c, freq.getOrDefault(c, 0) + 1);
}

System.out.println(freq);
}
}

4. Check if a String is a Palindrome

Problem: Write a program to check if a string is a palindrome.​
Solution:

java
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public class PalindromeCheck {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "madam";
String reversed = new StringBuilder(str).reverse().toString();

if (str.equals(reversed)) {
System.out.println("The string is a palindrome.");
} else {
System.out.println("The string is not a palindrome.");
}
}
}

5. Find the Longest Palindromic Substring

Problem: Write a program to find the longest palindromic substring in a string.​

Solution:

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public class LongestPalindrome {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "babad";
String result = "";

for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {

for (int j = i; j < str.length(); j++) {
String sub = str.substring(i, j + 1);
if (isPalindrome(sub) && sub.length() >
result.length()) {
result = sub;
}
}
}
 System.out.println("Longest Palindromic Substring: " +
result);
}

public static boolean isPalindrome(String s) {

return s.equals(new StringBuilder(s).reverse().toString());
}
}

6. Count Vowels and Consonants

Problem: Write a program to count vowels and consonants in a string.​

Solution:

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public class VowelConsonantCount {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "Java Programming";
int vowels = 0, consonants = 0;

for (char c : str.toLowerCase().toCharArray()) {

if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') {
if ("aeiou".indexOf(c) != -1) {
vowels++;
} else {
consonants++;
}
}
}

System.out.println("Vowels: " + vowels);

System.out.println("Consonants: " + consonants);
}
}