Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición

Competencia comunicativa en ingles

Producto integrador de aprendizaje

Equipo 2:
Valeria Sarahí Treviño Martínez 2048880
Marco Antonio Guzman Garcia 1818724
Estefany Gissel Alanís de la Fuente 2011253
Mia Querube Salgado Paez 2058766
 -Chicago-
History
The Foundation of Chicago

Chicago's history began in 1673 when French explorers Jacques Marquette and Louis
Joliet arrived in the region. However, the first settler in the area was Jean Baptiste Point
du Sable, an African American from the Caribbean, who built his home in 1779. In 1803,
the U.S. government established Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed during the War of
1812 but rebuilt in 1816. A small settlement grew around the fort, laying the foundation
for the city.

Chicago in the 19th Century

In the 1830s, Chicago began to expand rapidly. It was incorporated as a town in 1833,
and by 1837, it had a population of 4,000 inhabitants. The city continued to grow at a fast
pace, becoming a key transportation hub in the United States. In 1848, the Illinois and
Michigan Canal was opened, and by 1860, Chicago had 15 railroad companies. However,
in 1871, the city was devastated by the Great Chicago Fire, leaving one-third of the
population homeless. Despite the tragedy, Chicago was quickly rebuilt and continued to
grow, reaching a population of nearly 1.7 million by 1900.

Chicago in the 20th Century

At the beginning of the 20th century, Chicago's population continued to rise, reaching 3.3
million in 1930. During this period, the city experienced several notable events, such as
the Iroquois Theater fire in 1903 and the St. Valentine's Day Massacre in 1929, associated
with the gang wars between Al Capone and Bugs Moran. In 1942, Enrico Fermi conducted
the first controlled nuclear reaction at the University of Chicago. The city also hosted
major events, such as the Century of Progress World's Fair in 1933 and the first Special
Olympics in 1968. The iconic Willis Tower (formerly Sears Tower) was inaugurated in
1973.
Chicago in the Present Day

Chicago remains a vibrant and growing city in the 21st

century. Among its most recent developments are the
opening of Millennium Park in 2004, the Spertus Museum in
2007, and the Trump International Tower in 2009. The
current population is around 2.7 million, solidifying Chicago's
status as one of the most important cities in the United
States.

Geography
Chicago is located in the state of Illinois, along the
southwestern shore of Lake Michigan. It is part of
Chicagoland, an integrated conurbation in addition
to the outlying counties. According to the United
States Census Bureau, Chicago has a total area of
606.35 km², of which 589.57 km² is land and 16.78
km² (2.77%) is water.

Chicago, known colloquially as "Second City" or "Windy City", is the third largest city in
the United States, behind New York and Los Angeles.

Architecture

Architecture in Chicago (is) widely renowned and (is

characterized) by its diversity, (featuring) some of the world’s
tallest skyscrapers. One of the most iconic buildings (is) the
Willis Tower, which (allows) visitors to (experience)
breathtaking views from its observation deck. Another key
landmark (is) the Art Institute of Chicago, a museum that
(houses) world-famous masterpieces like American Gothic
and Nighthawks. Additionally, Millennium Park (stands out)
for its modern design, (including) the famous "Bean" (Cloud Gate), a sculpture that
(reflects) the city’s skyline and (attracts) both tourists and locals.

Climate
The climate in Chicago is defined as continental climate
and therefore is very varied, since in summer maximum
temperatures can be recorded between 30 and 35 °C, and
minimum temperatures of 15 to 20 °C. In winter, maximum
temperatures range between -10°C and -5°C and the
minimum temperature is -20°C. The lake only tempers the
climate slightly. The maximum rainfall is concentrated in
the spring and summer months, with August being the
rainiest month in general; although rainfall is distributed
throughout the year. Snowfall or blizzards are frequent in
late autumn and winter and can be very intense, found in the heart of the North American
subcontinent, and near Canadian lands.

Culture
Chicago is known for its rich and diverse cultural scene. It is often referred to as the "City
of Big Shoulders" because of its robust contributions to music, particularly in jazz and
blues. Artists like Louis Armstrong and Muddy Waters shaped the sound of American
music here. The city also boasts a vibrant theater district, with renowned institutions like
the Goodman Theatre and Steppenwolf Theatre. Chicago-style pizza and hot dogs,
famous for their unique ingredients and preparation methods, are culinary staples that
reflect the city's identity. Annual festivals, such as the Chicago Air and Water Show and
the Chicago Blues Festival, celebrate its cultural heritage and bring the community
together.
Architecture of Chicago
The Great Fire of 1871 sparked an architectural
revolution. Daniel Burnham, one of the most
prominent designers of the era, summarized the city's
enduring credo: "Make no little plans; they have no
magic to stir men’s blood… Make big plans." Since
then, Chicago has become a breeding ground for
skyscrapers.

Notable Architects

Visitors often hear these names while exploring the city. Louis Sullivan was the founder
of Chicago architecture, a pioneer in steel-frame skyscrapers. Frank Lloyd Wright,
Sullivan's apprentice, introduced the Prairie School style. Daniel Burnham planned the
city’s lakefront development. Mies van der Rohe became known for his “less is more”
philosophy and minimalist designs. Jeanne Gang is celebrated for her modern, organic
structures.

Heritage Conservation

The Chicago Architecture Foundation, famous for its excellent tours and gift shop, was
born in the 1960s following a campaign to save a building in The Loop. The group
managed to rescue that building, but not others, like the Stock Exchange Building by
Louis Sullivan and Dankmar Adler, whose arch can be seen outside The Art Institute of
Chicago. Several organizations have since safeguarded the city's architectural heritage.

Museums and Galleries in Chicago

From the largest Tyrannosaurus rex in the world to the

biggest science museum in the Western Hemisphere,
Chicago boasts countless superlatives that draw millions of
visitors. Additionally, the city offers numerous small venues
displaying everything from Mexican beadwork to old
amputation saws, as well as a multitude of galleries.

Tickets

Almost all major museums allow ticket purchases online, which guarantees entry and
avoids lines. However, there’s a convenience fee of $1.50–4 per ticket, and sometimes
the online queue is as long as the regular one. Online purchasing is recommended only
in summer and for major exhibitions.
Areas

Chicago has five areas packed with galleries. River North showcases works by renowned
international artists. The West Loop is a hub for avant-garde art. Bucktown and Wicker
Park are filled with alternative spaces and emerging talents. Pilsen hosts several small,
artist-run spaces with irregular hours. Bridgeport, on the South Side, features modern
galleries in old warehouses converted along W 35th St.

Diverse Culture

Chicago’s culture is much more than its architecture and museums. Its history as an
industrial center and its diverse immigrant communities have fostered a multicultural
atmosphere. Chicago is famous as the birthplace of blues and jazz, genres that attract
musicians and music lovers from all over the world. The city also has a rich theatrical
tradition, with companies like Second City launching many famous comedians and actors.

Chicago's cuisine is another cultural symbol, from deep-dish pizza to local hot dogs,
reflecting influences from various communities, such as Mexican, Irish, and Polish. The
city hosts festivals celebrating diverse cultures, like the Chicago Blues Festival and the
Taste of Chicago, showcasing a vibrant and diverse culture that transcends any single
aspect.

Most popular food

Gastronomy in Chicago is a cultural element of vital importance and has a reputation
not only nationally but also internationally. Their two best-known dishes are the Deep
Dish pizza and the hot dog, which is beef. In the Windy City you will find everything
from classic American fast food to the most delicious gourmet food in the entire
country. In fact, there are quite a few Michelin-starred restaurants, as well as some
of the best chefs in the world.

Chicago Pizza: Deep Dish Pizza

This is, without a doubt, the typical Chicago dish that
everyone looks for, the Deep-dish Pizza, also known as
Chicago-style Pizza. Unlike Italian pizza, this one is
cooked in a deep pan. At the base you will always have
a lot of cheese, a lot of it and on top of it all tomato
sauce, with your favorite ingredient in between.
Italian Beef
This delicious sandwich consists of shredded beef, sweet peppers
and onion on an Italian bread.

Chicago Hot Dog

Unlike the American hot dog, this typical Chicago fast food has
beef. The sausage is bathed in water but not boiled and wrapped
with poppy seed bread. To season it, add mustard, green sauce,
onion, hot peppers, tomato (not ketchup!), pickles and celery salt.

Cheese popcorn
In Chicago they are enormously well-known, although it is true that
this combination may seem a little curious to your palate. At the
Garrett Popcorn Shops store, in the Magnificent Mile area, where
they are made by hand following family recipes. It's been a tradition
since 1949! Its best-known flavor is Garret Mix, a combination
consisting of sweet caramel popcorn and salty cheddar cheese
popcorn.

Entertainment
Chicago (offers) a wide range of entertainment options for all ages. The city (has) a vibrant
theater scene, and the Chicago Theatre (is) an iconic venue where renowned
performances (take place). Comedy (holds) a special
place in Chicago, with The Second City being a
famous comedy company that (has launched) many
notable comedians. Music (resonates) throughout
the city, particularly jazz and blues, which (can be
enjoyed) at venues like the House of Blues and the
Green Mill Jazz Club. For outdoor fun, Navy Pier
(offers) attractions like a giant Ferris wheel that
(provides) panoramic views of Lake Michigan.
Famous personalities (music, literature, science, sports, etc.)
Music

Louis Armstrong – Though originally from New Orleans, Armstrong spent a

significant part of his career in Chicago, where he helped shape jazz music
in the 1920s.

Muddy Waters – Known as the “father of modern Chicago blues,” Waters’ music
defined the Chicago blues sound, heavily influencing rock and roll and later
blues musicians.

Kanye West – Born in Atlanta but raised in Chicago, Kanye West is one of the
most influential rappers and music producers in the world, with a unique blend
of hip-hop and artistic innovation.

Science and Innovation

Enrico Fermi – A physicist known as one of the architects of the nuclear age,
Fermi conducted the first nuclear chain reaction at the University of Chicago.

Carl Sagan – The famous astronomer and science communicator attended the
University of Chicago, where he earned his degrees and laid the groundwork
for his career.

Jane Addams – A social reformer and Nobel Peace Prize winner, Addams
co-founded Hull House, one of the first settlement houses in the U.S., which
provided social and educational services to immigrants.

Michael Jordan – Considered one of the greatest basketball players of all

time, Jordan played with the Chicago Bulls, leadingthem to six NBA
championships and defining an era in basketball.
Walter Payton – An iconic figure in American football, Payton spent his
entire career with the Chicago Bears, and his legacy as one of the greatest
running backs remains strong.

Ernie Banks – Known as “Mr. Cub,” Banks was a baseball Hall of

Famer who played his entire career with the Chicago Cubs and was beloved for
his optimistic spirit.

Scottie Pippen – Another basketball legend who played alongside Michael

Jordan,Pippen was crucial to the Bulls’ championship success in the 1990s

.
Frank Thomas – Also known as “The Big Hurt,” Thomas is one of thebest
hitters in baseball history and played the majority of his career with the
Chicago White Sox.Politics and Social Change

Transport
While its streets can get as congested as those in other big cities, Chicago offers a well-
developed transportation network. For tourists, the best way to get around is on foot or
by public transportation. In summer, walking or biking is ideal, as bike lanes exist in every
neighborhood and both elevated and underground paths are available. In winter, when
the weather is colder and windier, public transportation becomes a great ally.

Chicago's public transportation system is the second-largest in the United States. The
Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) operates eight train lines, known as the "L," and 129 bus
routes, making it highly convenient for visitors. Several apps make it easier to use buses
and trains, showing schedules and allowing for balance recharges. Transportation cards
can also be purchased at stations and authorized stores.

Chicago also has taxi services and ride-hailing platforms like Uber and Lyft, which are
useful for getting around the city or taking specific routes. Additionally, water taxis are
available, connecting popular tourist spots around the city.

1. "L" Train System

The eight lines of the "L" system serve 145 stations, making it one of the most convenient
transportation methods in the city, especially for tourists. Its name comes from its
characteristic elevated trains, offering panoramic views. These lines also run
underground and at street level. The Blue and Red Lines operate 24/7, connecting key
areas like the airport and popular tourist spots.
 • Blue Line: Connects O'Hare International Airport with Forest Park via downtown.
• Brown Line: Runs from Kimball to downtown, ideal for reaching tourist attractions.
• Green Line: Connects Forest Park and Oak Park to the city's South Side.
• Orange Line: Connects Midway Airport to the Loop through the southwest area.
• Pink Line: Runs from 54th/Cermak to the Loop, covering parts of the southwest.
• Purple Line: Extends from Linden to Howard, and on weekdays, continues to the
Loop.
• Red Line: Runs from Howard to 95th/Dan Ryan, operating 24/7 and connecting
many tourist sites.
• Yellow Line: Travels from Dempster-Skokie to Howard, linking with other lines
downtown.

2. Bus

Chicago's bus network covers the entire city, with stops every few blocks for easy access.
Some routes operate until 2 a.m., and PACE buses serve the suburbs, although they can
be slower and may not be the quickest option.

3. Metra Rail

Metra Rail is a high-speed train connecting downtown Chicago with the suburbs, ideal for
those looking to explore areas outside the city. It’s frequently used by commuters traveling
between the suburbs and downtown.
4. Bicycle (Divvy)

Chicago is very bike-friendly, with about 320 km of bike lanes. Cycling is an affordable
and fun way to explore tourist attractions during summer. The Divvy bike-sharing system
has over 600 stations and 5,800 bikes available 24/7.

5. Water Taxis

Water taxis are a popular summer option for moving between main tourist spots like
Chinatown, Museum Campus, Willis Tower, Michigan Avenue, Union Station, Navy Pier,
and the Loop. Chicago Water Taxi and Shoreline Sightseeing are the two main providers,
offering routes along the river and lake.

6. Chicago Pedway

The Chicago Pedway is a network of pedestrian tunnels connecting 40 downtown blocks,

including elevated walkways. This system allows for quicker movement without traffic
lights and provides shelter from extreme temperatures.

7. Uber and Lyft

Ride-hailing apps like Uber and Lyft are common in Chicago, allowing users to enter their
location and destination for convenient travel. These services are usually more affordable
than taxis but may have surge pricing during peak hours and holidays.

8. Taxi
Taxis in Chicago are a convenient option for getting
around downtown. In the Loop, it’s easy to hail a taxi on
the street, and in other areas, reservations can be made
in advance. All taxis accept credit cards, and a 20% tip is
customary.

9. Car Rental

For those planning to explore beyond Chicago or take longer trips, renting a car is a
practical choice. In downtown, it’s advisable to park and use public transportation to avoid
traffic and parking issues. The minimum age to rent a car is 21, and international drivers
need a valid driver’s license and an international driving permit. The speed limit is in miles
per hour, which is important to keep in mind.
Economy
Chicago has one of the most diverse and dynamic economies in the United States. Known
as a major hub for finance, commerce, and industry, the city houses the Chicago
Mercantile Exchange (CME) and the Chicago Board of Trade, making it a critical player
in global finance. Its economy is also powered by sectors like manufacturing, technology,
and transportation—especially given its strategic location as a rail and airport hub.
Additionally, Chicago has a rich tradition in healthcare and education, with renowned
institutions such as the University of Chicago and Northwestern University. This diversity
in industry has allowed Chicago to be more resilient compared to cities that rely heavily
on a single industry.

Experience that I would like to live if I go to Chicago

I would like to visit the Art Institute of Chicago, one of the most
prestigious art museums in the world, famous for its extensive
collection of impressionist and modern paintings. Here you can
find works such as A Sunday on the Grande Jatte by Georges
Seurat and Nighthawks by Edward Hopper. I would also like to
visit it, Navy Pier is ideal, especially in the summer. There you will
find a Ferris wheel with stunning views, shops, restaurants and
live events.

What would you like to do in the city?

If I were to visit Chicago, I would love to go to these places.

Take an Architecture Boat Tour – Chicago’s architecture is legendary,

from the historic skyscrapers to modern masterpieces. A boat tour
along the Chicago River is the best way to appreciate the skyline and
learn about the city’s architectural history.

Visit the Art Institute of Chicago – As one of the oldest and largest art
museums in the U.S., this museum has an incredible collection of art,
including works by Monet, Picasso, and Grant Wood’s American Gothic.
It would be a must-see for me.
Walk Through Millennium Park – I’d love to see "The Bean" (Cloud Gate),
one of the most iconic sculptures in the U.S., and stroll through the park’s
beautiful spaces, fountains, and gardens.

Explore Navy Pier – This entertainment hub on Lake Michigan has

everything from restaurants and shops to the Centennial Wheel,
offering great views of the city and lake.

Any other information you want to mention.

Chicago es la tercera ciudad más grande de Estados Unidos,

también conocida como la ciudad del viento, es la ciudad donde
empieza la mítica ruta 66. Y ello lo acredita una señal situada en el
centro de la ciudad.
La torre Willis en Chicago con sus 442m de altura sin contar
antenas es el segundo edificio más alto de Estados Unidos
después del nuevo One world trade center de Nueva York
erigido en el lugar donde se encontraban las torres gemelas.
Fue el edificio más alto del mundo desde su construcción en
1974 hasta la construcción de las torres petronas en 1998.
En la existe una estatua que simplemente se conoce como «El
Picasso» ya que es obra de este conocido artista español. En su
momento, El Picasso, fue recibida con incomprensión y hasta
rechazo, pero actualmente es uno de los emblemas de la ciudad.
Bibliographies
Chicago, V. (2024, 28 febrero). 10 platos típicos qué comer en Chicago: Grastronomía. Viajar

Chicago. https://www.viajarchicago.com/gastronomia-que-comer.php

EcuRed. (s. f.). Chicago (Estados Unidos) - ECUReD.

https://www.ecured.cu/Chicago_(Estados_Unidos)

Historia de Chicago. (s. f.). QueHistoria.com. https://quehistoria.com/america/estados-

unidos/chicago/

La cultura en Chicago - Lonely Planet. (2024, 8 octubre). https://www.lonelyplanet.es/america-del-

norte-y-central/estados-unidos/chicago/cultura

Chicago, V. (2024, 28 febrero). Transporte: Cómo moverse en Chicago + abonos y tarifas. . . Viajar
Chicago. https://www.viajarchicago.com/transporte-como-moverse.php