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Module 1 part 2

This document outlines a module on matrices, detailing lessons on matrix operations, special matrices, determinants, and the adjoint and inverse of matrices. It includes a schedule for lectures and laboratory sessions, as well as specific learning outcomes for students. Additionally, it provides exercises for students to practice identifying singular and non-singular matrices, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices, and finding inverses.

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jbanzuela
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views

Module 1 part 2

This document outlines a module on matrices, detailing lessons on matrix operations, special matrices, determinants, and the adjoint and inverse of matrices. It includes a schedule for lectures and laboratory sessions, as well as specific learning outcomes for students. Additionally, it provides exercises for students to practice identifying singular and non-singular matrices, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices, and finding inverses.

Uploaded by

jbanzuela
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS TO CE PROBLEMS

BSCE

I. LESSON : Lesson No. 1 Review of the Mathematical


Foundation Part 2

II. SCHEDULE : Wed 10:00 AM-12:00 PM for our lecture


Tue 01:00 PM-02:30 PM Thu 01:00 PM-02:30 PM
for laboratory

III. OVERVIEW

This module composed of lessons on matrices include: what are


matrices, operations on matrices, Transpose, determinants and Rank of a
Matrix

IV. LEARNING OUTCOME

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. The student will be able to perfom matrix operation such as


addition, subtraction matrices.
2. The student will be able to find the scalar product of a number k
and a matrix M.
3. The studend will be able to calculate matrix product.
4. The studend will be able to calculate matrix detetminants.

V. ACTIVITIES/ TASKS

PART II: READINGS

Special Matrices:

1. Transpose of a Matrix

If A = [aij] is mxn matrix, then the matrix of order n x m obtained by


interchanging the rows and columns of A is called the transpose of A. It is
denoted At or A’.

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Example if [ ], then [ ]

2. Symmetric Matrix:

A square matrix A is called symmetric if A = At for example if

[ ] then [ ]

Thus A is symmetric

3. Skew Symmetric:

A square matrix A is called skew symmetric if A = -At

for example if [ ] then

[ ] [ ]

4. Singular and Non-singular Matrices:

A square matrix A is called singular if |A| = 0 and is non-singular if |A| ≠ 0,


for example if

[ ], then | | , Hence A is singular

And if [ ], then | |

Hence A is non-singular.
.
Example: Find k if [ ] is singular

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Solution:
Since A is singular so | |
(k – 2)( k + 2) – 5 = 0
k2 – 4 – 5 = 0
k2 – 9 = 0 ⇨ K = ± 3

5. Adjoint of a Matrix:
Let A = (aij) be a square matrix of order n x n and (cij) is a matrix obtained
by replacing each element aij by its corresponding cofactor cij then (cij)t is
called the adjoint of A. It is written as adj. A.

For example, if

[ ]

Cofactor of A are:
A11 = 5, A12 = - 2, A13 = +1
A21 = -1, A22 = 2, A23 = -1
A31 = 3, A32 = -2, A33 = 3
Matrix of cofactors is

[ ]

[ ]

Hence adj A = Ct [ ]

Note: Adjoint of a 2x2 Matrix:


The adjoint of matrix [ ] is denoted by adj A defined as

Adj A = [ ]

6. Inverse of a Matrix:
If A is a non-singular square matrix , then | |

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For example if matrix [ ]

Then adj [ ]
| | | |

Hence | |
[ ]

Alternately:

For a non singular matrix A of order (n x n) if there exist anothermatrix B of


order (n x n) Such that their product is the identity matrix I of order (n x n) i.e., AB
= BA = I
Then B is said to be the inverse (or reciprocal) of A and is written as B = A-1

Example: If [ ] and [ ] then show that


AB = BA = I and therefore, B = A-1
Solution:

[ ][ ] [ ]

And [ ][ ] [ ]

Hence AB = BA = I

and therefore [ ]

Example: Find the inverse, if it exists, of the matrix.

[ ]

Solution:

|A| = 0 +2 (–2 +3) – 3(–2 + 3) = 2 – 3


|A| = –1, Hence solution exists.

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Cofactor of A are:
A11 = 0, A12 = 1, A13 = 1
A21 = 2, A22 = –3, A23 = 2
A31 = 3, A32 = –3, A33 = 2
Matrix of transpose of the cofactors is

Adj [ ]

So

| |
[ ]

[ ]

Exercise

Q.1 Which of the following matrices are singular or non-singular.

(i) [ ] (ii) [ ] (iii) [ ]

Q.2 Which of the following matrices are symmetric and skewsymmetric

(i) [ ] (ii) [ ] (iii) [ ]

Q.3 Find K such that the following matrices are singular

(i) [ ] (ii) [ ] (iii) [ ]

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Q.4 Find the inverse if it exists, of the following matrices

(i) [ ] (ii) =[ ]

(iii) [ ] (iv) [ ]

Note: Show your solutions.

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