INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND RESEARCH (IJSPR) ISSN: 2349-4689

Volume-11, Number - 03, 2015

The Design and Analysis of Gas Turbine Blade

Prof. Alka L. Mata
[Link]. at Mauli [Link] of Engg. and Technology, Shegaon

Abstract— The purpose of turbine technology is to extract, left to exit the rear of the engine to provide thrust as in a pure
maximum quantity of energy from the working fluid to convert it jet engine. Or extra turbine stages may be used to turn other
into useful work with maximum efficiency. That means, the Gas shafts to power other machinery such as the rotor of a
Turbine having maximum reliability, minimum cost, minimum
helicopter, the propellers of a ship or electrical generators in
supervision and minimum starting time. The gas turbine obtains
power stations. The present paper deals with the first type is
its power by utilizing the energy of burnt gases and the air. This is
at high temperature and pressure by expending through the
centrifugal stresses that act on the blade due to high angular
several rings of fixed and moving blades. A high pressure of order speeds and second is thermal stresses that arise due to
4 to 10 bar of working fluid which is essential for expansion, a temperature gradient within the blade material. The analysis
compressor is required. The quantity of working fluid and speed of turbine blade mainly consists of the following two parts:
required are more so generally a centrifugal or axial compressor Structural and thermal analysis. The analysis is carried out
is required. The turbine drives the compressor so it is coupled to under steady state conditions using Ansys software.
the turbine shaft. After compression the working fluid are to be
expanded in a turbine. II. DESIGN PROCEDURE

Keywords— Gas Turbine, Maximum efficiency, combustion

A turbo machine blade is usually a cantilever beam or plate
chamber, compressor, stating time.
is tapered and twisted with an airfoil cross section. Typically
a turbo machine has several stages, each stage with a stator
I. INTRODUCTION
and rotor. In the stator, they are all inserted as diaphragms or
The gas turbine obtains its power by utilizing the energy of nozzles in a ring to guide the flow medium at an appropriate
burnt gases and the air which is at high temperature and entry angle into rotor blades. The rotor blades are mounted
pressure by expanding through the several rings of fixed and on a disc at a stagger angle to the machine axis and they
moving blades, to get a high pressure of order of 4 to 10 bar convert the thermal energy into mechanical energy in turbine.
of working fluid which is essential for expansion a In turbine steam enters at high pressure and temperature in
compressor is required. The quantity of working fluid and the first stage and expands while passing through the several
speed required are more, so generally centrifugal or axial stages before it is let out from the last Stage with low
compressor is required. The turbine drive the compressor so temperature and pressure after extracting as much as thermal
it is coupled to the turbine shaft. If after compression the energy as possible. Hence, the short blades in high pressure
working fluid were to be expanded in a turbine, then have high frequency of the order of 1000Hz, which becomes
assuming that there were no losses in either component, the progressively lower about 100Hz in the last stage long blades.
power developed by the turbine can be increased by In the compressor stage, the operation principle is reversed to
increasing the volume of working fluid at constant pressure compress the gases utilizing the supplied mechanical power.
or alternatively increasing the pressure at constant volume. A typical rotor blades sees upstream disturbances from the
Either of there may be done by adding heat so that the stator row and as it rotates, receives a corresponding number
temperature of the working fluid is increased after of increasing and decreasing lift and moment alternating
compression. To get a higher temperature of the working periodically depending on the number of stator
fluid a combustion chamber is required where combustion of blades/nozzles/guide vanes. A stator blade can also be
air and fuel takes place giving temperature rise to the imagined to rotate in an opposite direction to the rotor
working fluid. The turbine escapes energy from the exhaust relative to the moving row and thus receives a corresponding
gas. Like the compressor, turbine can be centrifugal or axial. number of periodic forces and moments equal to the rotor
In each type the fast moving exhaust gas is used to spin the blades. An ideal placement of blades in the stator is not
turbine, since the turbine is attached to the same shaft as the feasible in practice. Firstly, the blades are not all identical in
compressor at the front of the engine, and the compressor their cross section along the length, their pitch distance from
will turn together, The turbine may extract just enough blade to blade varies, and the axial and angular locations will
energy to turn the compressor. The rest of the exhaust gas is have some errors in mounting them in the stator housing.

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND RESEARCH (IJSPR) ISSN: 2349-4689
Volume-11, Number - 03, 2015

Because of these errors in the stator, mechanical excitation at

rotational speed and its harmonics occurs on the rotor blades.

III. EXPERIMENTS SETUP

In this chapter the experiments performed to obtain structural

and thermal analysis of the turbine blade are discussed. This
discussion is divided into two parts. First the experimental
setup is discussed on thermal analysis using different
mayterials. Second the experimental setup on structural
analysis using different materials are discussed and finally
the obtain material is compared with the existing material is
evaluated.
[Link] Alloy
[Link] analysis:showing temperature distribution using
different materials

[Link] zirconiumoxide

IV. RESULT
FIG.3.1..Titanium Alloy
[Link]-radius graph

For titanium alloy

radius(m) : Stress 6 (r)

0.034 : 26.13

0.044 : 23.23

0.054 : 20.39

0.064 : 17.42

0.074 : 14.52
FIG.3.2..Lanthanum zirconiumoxide
0.084 : 11.61
[Link] analysis: equivalent stresses on blade using
different materials

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND RESEARCH (IJSPR) ISSN: 2349-4689
Volume-11, Number - 03, 2015

Through this analysis, the followings are summarized and

pointed out

• On the basis of total deformation, equivalent stress,

strain energy lost, total energy loss temperature
distribution,total heat flux and thermal error the
La2Zr2O7 (Lanthanum zirconiumoxide) material is
safe.

• On the basis of shear stress Titanium Alloy is more

[Link] Lanthanum zirconiumoxide safe.

radius(m) : Stress 6 (r) • On the basis of Mass of single blade, AlSi (Aluminium
Silicate) is safe.
0.034 : 37.84
• But, the overall pressure analysis and thermal analysis
0.044 : 33.63
the La2Zr2O7 (Lanthanum zirconiumoxide)
material is much better than the other materials.
0.054 : 29.43
VI. FUTURE SCOPE
0.064 : 25.23
• CAD model of gas turbine blade.
0.074 : 21.02

0.084 : 16.82 • Design and analysis with the help of software.

• Identification of problems occurring in gas turbine

blade.

• Structural and thermal analysis of blade by using FEM.

• Reduces the failures in the blade of turbine which may

helps to improve its efficiency.

This work may go for CFD analysis for actual flow velocity
of [Link] it can obtain shape optimization analysis.
From above four graphs, i.e. stress – radius graph, it is
conclude that the stress is minimum by using this new REFERENCES
material i.e. LANTHANUM ZIRCONIUMOXIDE.
[1] A reference book of Gas Turbines (second edition) by V
Ganesan.
V. CONCLUSION
[2] Soo-Yong Cho “A Study on an Axial-Type 2-D Turbine Blade
In this study, that the structural analysis and the thermal Shape for Reducing the Blade Profile Loss” KSME
analysis for different turbine blade material is examine. International Journal, Vol. 16 No. 8, pp. I154~1164, 2002.
Different turbine blade material is tested as compared with
the existing turbine blade material. It was observed that [3] John.V, [Link]. “THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS
La2Zr2O7 (Lanthanum zirconiumoxide) material is safe as OF GAS TURBINE BLADE”, International Journal of
compared to the other materials. Also, the result was Advanced Research and Studies, Vol 2, No.1, Dec 2012.
validated by comparison with the analytical values and the
[4] B. Deepanraj “THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF GAS
software values. Hence, the La2Zr2O7 (Lanthanum
TURBINE BLADE BY FINITE ELEMENT METHOD”
zirconiumoxide) material is best for the present application. Scientific World, Vol. 9, No. 9, July 2011.

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS AND RESEARCH (IJSPR) ISSN: 2349-4689
Volume-11, Number - 03, 2015

[5] [Link] Structural & Thermal Analysis of Gas

Turbine Blade by Using F.E.M International Journal of
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[11] Jorgen M. Anders “A Parametric Blade Design System (Part I

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[12] Patil A.A “Study of Failure Analysis of Gas Turbine Blade”

IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) ISSN: 2250-3021
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