57th Conference of Directors General of Police / Inspectors General of Police
Jan. 22, 2023
Why in news?
Prime Minister Narendra Modi attended the All India Conference of Directors General and
Inspectors General of Police 2022 in New Delhi.
The three-day conference was inaugurated by Home Minister Amit Shah on January 20,
2023.
What’s in today’s article?
57th Conference of Directors General of Police / Inspectors General of Police
News Summary
57th Conference of Directors General of Police / Inspectors General of Police
The three-day Conference, from January 20-22, 2023, is being held in hybrid format in New
Delhi.
About 100 invitees including DGP of States/UTs and Heads of Central Armed Police Forces
and Central Police Organizations will attend the Conference physically.
The remaining invitees will participate virtually from across the country.
The conference is the culmination of extensive deliberations involving police and intelligence
officers from the district, state and national levels on identified themes.
Best practices from States and Union Territories will be presented at the Conference so that
States can learn from each other.
The conference will discuss a wide range of issues including Cyber Crime, Technology in
Policing, Counter Terrorism challenges, Left Wing Extremism, capacity building, Prison
Reforms, among others.
Off late, the Conference has started discussions on futuristic themes in policing and security.
This is to ensure not only safety in the present times, but also to develop capability to meet
emerging issues and challenges.
News Summary:
PM Modi attended the All-India Conference of Director Generals/ Inspector Generals of
Police 2022 in New Delhi on 21 January.
He will also attend the conference on 22nd
On the first day, deliberations centred on topics such as security challenges along the land
borders with Nepal and Myanmar, strategies to identify overstaying foreigners in India and
targeting of Maoist strongholds.
Key highlights of the speech delivered by Union Home Minister
Outlined five focus areas for police forces
The minister outlined five focus areas for police forces:
urban policing, capacity-building, police technology, critical infrastructure security and
securing digital goods.
J&K on path of peace, stability
Terror incidents, deaths and terrorist-dominated areas in Jammu and Kashmir have
diminished drastically.
80 crore tourists visited J&K in 2022, which is a testimony to the fact that the UT is heading
towards peace and stability.
Today, 32,000 children from other parts of the country are studying in J&K.
Challenges to policing have now drastically transformed
Earlier, policing had to tackle more of a geographical problems like terrorism and unrest in
J&K, Left-wing extremism and unrest in the northeast etc.
However, it has now transformed to countering new-age thematic threats of cyber security
and data theft.
The problems have become multidimensional as narco terror and fourth-generation war
have chipped in.
The goal of Fourth generation warfare (4GW) is collapsing the enemy internally rather than
physically destroying him.
Targets will include such things as the population's support for the war and the enemy's
culture.
Fourth generation warfare seems likely to be widely dispersed and largely undefined; the
distinction between war and peace will be blurred to the vanishing point.
It will be non-linear, possibly to the point of having no definable battlefields or fronts.
In other words, 4GW is conflict characterized by a blurring of the lines between war and
politics, combatants and civilians.
Peace returning to Northeast
In the Northeast, nine different types of groups have surrendered and signed peace accords
and have returned to the mainstream.
More than 9,000 insurgents have handed over weapons to authorities.
In view of nearly 42% decline in violence, Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) had
been withdrawn from over 30% of the areas in the region.
Massive success in taming left wing terror
India has attained massive success in taming left wing terror.
In 2010, there were 96 terror-affected districts and now there are only 46.
In Left wing extremism-affected regions also, violence witnessed 40-60 per cent decline.
Power of India’s cooperative federalism
Recently, police in all States have cooperated to nab “Popular Front of India (PFI) culprits.
In September 2022, the government banned the PFI - a controversial Muslim group - for five
years for allegedly having links with terror groups.
Over 150 PFI members were arrested in 11 states, UTs.
It showed the power of India’s cooperative federalism and maturity as a democracy.
KULDEEP SINGH SAID [ DIRECTOR GENERAL OF CRPF
Bihar was free from left wing extrimism and reduction of maosts presence in jahrkhand
earlier 60 district were under this effect now 39
OPERATION
operation octopus
op double bull
operation thunderstorm
op chakarbandha
AND under these operation 592 maoists arrested
LEFT WING EXTREMISM
DATA FACTS
naxal violence in the country have dropped 77% BETWEEN 2009 and 2021
smilarly the resultants deaths [ civilian + security forces ] have reduced by 85%
but in chhatisgarh it accounted for 90% of all security personal death , followed by jharkhand
LWE organisations are the groups that try to br ing change through violent revolution
REASON
TRIBAL DISCONTENT - the forest [ conservation ] act 1980 deprives tribals , who depends
on forest produce for their living
MASSIVE DISPLACEMENT - of tribal population in the naxal affected states due to
development projects , mining operations and other reasons
EASY TARGET FOR MAOIST - Such people who do not have any source of living are taken
into naxalism by maoists , by providing arms , and ammunitions and money to such people
INFRASTRUCTURE PROBLEM - For instance some villages are not yet connected properly
with any comunication network
GOV INITIATIVES
SAMADHAN
NATIONAL POLICY AND ACTION PLAN 2015
MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS is supporting the state gov by way of deployement of central
armed police force , provisions of helicopters and sancton indioan reserve battallions
funds are provided under modernisation of police force , security related expenditure
several development initiatives - constructions of road , installation of mobile tower , skill
development improving network of banks and post office , health and education facilities
greyhounds in 1989
opration green hunt 2009 - 10
400 youth tribal from 3 LWE affected districts in Chhattisgarh to join CRPF 2022 maximum
qualifications is 8th class they can continue after joining through NIOS
Recently, during question hour in Lok Sabha, the Ministry of Home Affairs provided data
related to left extremism in India.
What are the Key Data Facts?
The incidents of Naxal violence in the country have dropped by 77 % between 2009 and
2021, and deaths of security force personnel due to Maoist violence have more than doubled
in Chhattisgarh in the past three years.
Similarly, the resultant deaths (civilians + security forces) have reduced by 85 % from an
all-time high of 1,005 in 2010 to 147 in 2021.
In states, Chhattisgarh tops the countrywide figure for deaths of security personnel, as it
accounted for 90% of all security personnel deaths in the country, followed by Jharkhand
which recorded 5 personnel deaths.
There has been a decrease in the geographical spread of violence as only 46 districts
reported LWE-related violence in 2021, compared to 96 districts in 2010.
Due to this, there has been a reduction in the number of districts covered under the Security
Related Expenditure (SRE) Scheme from 126 to 90 in 2018 and further to 70 in 2021.
Similarly, the number of districts generating almost 90% of LWE violence, classified as the
most LWE-affected districts, decreased from 35 in 2018 to 30 in 2021.
What is Left-wing Extremism?
About:
LWE organizations are the groups that try to bring change through violent revolution. They
are against democratic institutions and use violence to subvert the democratic processes at
the ground level.
These groups prevent the developmental processes in the least developed regions of the
country & try to misguide the people by keeping them ignorant of current happenings.
Reasons:
Tribal discontent:
The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 deprives tribals, who depend on forest produce for their
living, from even cutting a bark.
Massive displacement of tribal population in the naxalism-affected states due to
development projects, mining operations and other reasons.
Easy Target for Maoists: Such people who do not have any source of living are taken into
naxalism by Maoists.
Maoists provide arms and ammunitions and money to such people.
Gaps in the socio-economic system of the country.
Government measuring its success on the basis of number of violent attacks rather than the
development done in the naxal-affected areas.
Absence of strong technical intelligence to fight with Naxalites.
Infrastructural problems, for instance, some villages are not yet connected properly with any
communication network.
No Follow-Up from administration: It is seen that even after police takes hold of a region,
administration fails to provide essential services to the people of that region.
Confusion over tackling naxalism as a social issue or as a security threat.
State governments considering naxalism as the central government’s issue and thus are not
taking any initiatives to fight it.
What are the Government Initiatives to control LWE?
SAMADHAN doctrine is the one-stop solution for the LWE problem. It encompasses the
entire strategy of government from short-term policy to long-term policy formulated at
different levels. SAMADHAN stands for-
S- Smart Leadership
A- Aggressive Strategy
M- Motivation and Training
A- Actionable Intelligence
D- Dashboard Based KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) and KRAs (Key Result Areas)
H- Harnessing Technology
A- Action plan for each Theatre
N- No access to Financing
The national strategy to counter LWE was formed in 2015 as a multipronged approach to
combat LWE. Its main aim was to ensure participatory governance and protection of the
rights of local tribals, inter alia.
Intelligence sharing and raising of a separate 66 Indian Reserved Battalion (IRBs) was done
by the government to curb the menace of LWE organizations.
National Policy and Action Plan in 2015: It consists of a multi-pronged approach comprising
security measures, development initiatives and ensuring rights & entitlements of local
communities.
The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) is supporting the State Governments extensively by way
of deployment of Central Armed Police Force (CAPF) Battalions, provision of helicopters and
UAVs and sanction of India Reserve Battalions (IRBs)/ Special India Reserve Battalions
(SIRBs) etc.
Funds are provided under Modernization of Police Force (MPF), Security Related
Expenditure (SRE) Scheme and Special Infrastructure Scheme (SIS) for modernization and
training of State Police.
Several development initiatives have been implemented for construction of roads, installation
of mobile towers, skill development, improving network of banks and post offices, health and
education facilities.
Funds for development are also provided to most LWE affected districts under the Special
Central Assistance (SCA) scheme.
Greyhounds: It was raised in 1989 as an elite anti-naxal force.
Operation Green Hunt: It was started in 2009-10 and massive deployment of security forces
was done in the naxal-affected areas.
Way Forward
The government needs innovative solutions for locating armed groups in the thick forests of
the naxalism-affected regions.
Local Police know the language and topography of a region, they can fight naxalism better
than the armed forces.
Andhra Police rose ‘Greyhounds’, special forces to deal with naxalism in the state.
Government needs to ensure two things, security of the peace-loving people and the
development of the naxalism-affected regions.
State governments need to understand that naxalism is their problem also and only they can
tackle it effectively. They can get help from central government if required.
Cow Vigilantism and Mob Lynching
Context :-
Recent incident of killing and burning of two men in Haryana on suspicion of illegal
transportation, smuggling or slaughtering of cows by cow vigilantes highlight the issue of
Mob Lynching.
What is Mob Lynching?
Mob lynching refers to targeted violence by a large group of people which includes offenses
against the human body or property, whether public or private.
The mob believes they are punishing the victim for some perceived wrongdoing, even if it's
not necessarily illegal and take the law into their own hands disregarding legal rules and
procedures.
Cow Vigilantism: Cow vigilantism or lynching in the name of Cow Protection poses a serious
threat to the secular fabric of the nation.
What are the Causes of Mob Lynching?
Biases:
Mob lynching is a hate crime that is rising due to the biases or prejudices among various
castes, classes of people, and religions.
Rise of Cow Vigilante:
In Hindu religion, cows are revered and worshipped. This sometimes leads to Cow
vigilantism.
Lack of Speedy Justice:
Inefficient working of justice rendering authorities is the primary reason why people take law
into their own hands and have no fear of the consequences.
The Inefficiency of Police Administration:
Ineffective investigation and lack of trust in the legal process is one reason that promotes
people to take matters in their own hands.
What are the Issues related to Mob Lynching?
Mob lynching is a violation of human dignity, Article 21 of the Constitution, and a gross
infringement of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Such incidents violate the Right to Equality and Prohibition of discrimination, which are
enshrined in Articles 14 and 15 of the Constitution of India.
What are the Government Steps on the Issue?
Preventive Measures:
In July 2017, the Supreme Court in the case of Tahseen s. Poonawala v. UOI had laid down
several preventives, remedial and punitive measures to deal with lynching and mob violence.
The Supreme Court in this case aptly referred to mob lynching as a ‘horrendous act of
mobocracy.’
Designated Fast Track Courts:
States were directed to set up designated fast track courts in every district to exclusively
deal with cases involving mob lynchings.
Special Task Force:
The court had also mooted the setting up of a special task force with the objective of
procuring intelligence reports about the people involved in spreading hate speeches,
provocative statements and fake news which could lead to mob lynchings.
Victim Compensation Schemes:
Directions were also issued to set up Victim compensation schemes for relief and
rehabilitation of victims.
A year later in July 2019 the Supreme Court issued notices to the Centre and several states
asking them to submit the steps taken by them towards implementing the measures and file
compliance reports.
As of now only three states Manipur, West Bengal and Rajasthan have enacted laws against
mob lynching.
The Jharkhand Assembly has passed Prevention of Mob Violence and Mob Lynching Bill,
2021 which has been returned by governor recently for reconsideration of a few provisions
MOB LYNCHING
mob lynching is a term used to describe the act of targeted violence by a large group of
people
the violence is tantamount to offences against human body or property - both public as well
as private
the mob believes that they are punishing the victims for doing something wrong [ not
necessaraly illegal ] and they take the law in their own hand to punish the purported accused
without following any rules of law
CAUSES
lack of speedy justice
inneficiency of police administration
TYPES
communal based , withchcraft , honour killing , theft
it is a violation of human dignity article 21 of the constitution
voilation of right to equality , 14 and 15
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
in july 2017 the supreme court in the case of tahseen poonawala vs UOI Had laid down
several preventive , remedial and punitive measures to deal with lynchin and mob lynching .
SC MENTIONED that mob lynching as a '' HORRENDOUS ACT OF MOBOCRACY ''
victime compensation scheme
As now only 3 states manipur , wb and rajasthan have enacted law against mob lynching
and jharkhan passed recently in 2021
