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Lab 04

The document outlines an experiment on full-wave rectifiers, detailing the aim to observe output waveforms and measure DC voltage, current, and ripple factor with and without a filter capacitor. It includes necessary equipment, theoretical calculations, advantages of full-wave rectifiers, and a circuit diagram. Additionally, it presents observation tables and post-lab questions to reinforce understanding of the concepts.

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degag64086
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

Lab 04

The document outlines an experiment on full-wave rectifiers, detailing the aim to observe output waveforms and measure DC voltage, current, and ripple factor with and without a filter capacitor. It includes necessary equipment, theoretical calculations, advantages of full-wave rectifiers, and a circuit diagram. Additionally, it presents observation tables and post-lab questions to reinforce understanding of the concepts.

Uploaded by

degag64086
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT NO -5

FULL-WAVE RECTIFIERS
AIM:

1. To observe waveform at the output of full wave rectifier with and without filter capacitor.
2. To measure DC voltage, DC current, ripple factor with and without filter capacitor.

EQUIPMENT:

Transformer (center tapped) 12-0-12 V AC, 500 mA - 1 No._______________


Diode 1N4007 -2
Resistor 10K -1
Capacitor 1000µF -1
Toggle Switch
Breadboard
Connecting wires

Keep toggle switch OFF to perform practical of full wave rectifier without filter capacitor and
ON to connect filter capacitor.

THEORY:

Full wave rectifier utilizes both the cycle of input AC voltage. Two or four diodes are used in
full wave rectifier. If full wave rectifier is designed using four diodes it is known as full wave
bridge rectifier. Full wave rectifier using two diodes without capacitor is shown in the following
figure. Center tapped transformer is used in this full wave rectifier.

During the positive cycle diode D1 conducts and it is available at the output. During negative
cycle diode D1 remains OFF but diode D2 is in forward bias hence it conducts and negative
cycle is available as a positive cycle at the output as shown in the following figure. Note that
direction of current in the load resistance is same during both the cycles hence output is only
positive cycles.

40 Electronic Devices and Circuits (EE-300) | [Military College of Signals]


THEORITICAL CALCULATIONS:

Vrms = Vm/ √2

Vm =Vrms√2

Vdc=2Vm/П

(i)Without filter:

Ripple factor, r = √ (Vrms/ Vdc )2 -1 = 0.812

(ii)With filter:

Ripple factor, r = 1/ (4√3 f C RL)

41 Electronic Devices and Circuits (EE-300) | [Military College of Signals]


Advantages of full wave rectifier over half wave rectifier:
The rectification efficiency is double that of half wave rectifiers. Ripple factor is less and ripple
frequency is double hence easy to filter out. DC output voltage and current is higher hence
output power is higher. Better transformer utilization factor.

1. The rectification efficiency is double than half wave rectifier


2. Ripple factor is less and ripple frequency is double hence easy to filter out.
3. DC output voltage and current is higher hence output power is higher.
4. Better transformer utilization factor.
5. There is no DC saturation of core in transformer because the DC currents in two halves of
secondary flow in opposite directions.

Circuit Diagram:

Waveforms:

[1] Without Filter Capacitor: Input Waveform at secondary of transformer:

42 Electronic Devices and Circuits (EE-300) | [Military College of Signals]


Output Waveform:

[2] With Filter Capacitor: Input Waveform at secondary of transformer:

Output Waveform:

Observations:

[1] Without Filter Capacitor

AC Input voltage (rms) Vrms= ___________

DC output voltage VDC = ___________

43 Electronic Devices and Circuits (EE-300) | [Military College of Signals]


DC current: IDC =______________

AC output voltage (Ripple voltage) Vr: __________

Ripple factor: (Vr/VDC) = ______________

[2] With Filter Capacitor

AC Input voltage (rms) Vrms= ___________

DC output voltage VDC = ___________

DC current: IDC =______________

AC output voltage (Ripple voltage) Vr: __________

Ripple factor: (Vr/VDC) = ______________

CONCLUSION:

POST LAB QUESTIONS:

1. What is the frequency of AC components at the output of full wave rectifier? Give reason.

2. What is the difference in DC output voltage in half wave and full wave rectifiers for the same
AC input?

44 Electronic Devices and Circuits (EE-300) | [Military College of Signals]


3. Define peak inverse voltage (PIV)? And write its value for Full-wave rectifier?

4. What is the mathematical relationship between rms input AC voltage and DC output voltage in
half wave rectifiers with and without filter capacitor?

5. Does the process of rectification alter the frequency of the waveform?

6. What is the necessity of the transformer in the rectifier circuit?

7. Explain how capacitor helps to improve the ripple factor?

45 Electronic Devices and Circuits (EE-300) | [Military College of Signals]

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