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Lab 05

The document outlines an experiment on bridge rectifiers, aiming to observe output waveforms and measure DC voltage, current, and ripple factor with and without a filter capacitor. It details the necessary equipment, theory behind the bridge rectifier operation, advantages and disadvantages, and includes observations and calculations for both scenarios. Additionally, it poses post-lab questions to reinforce understanding of the concepts covered.

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degag64086
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views

Lab 05

The document outlines an experiment on bridge rectifiers, aiming to observe output waveforms and measure DC voltage, current, and ripple factor with and without a filter capacitor. It details the necessary equipment, theory behind the bridge rectifier operation, advantages and disadvantages, and includes observations and calculations for both scenarios. Additionally, it poses post-lab questions to reinforce understanding of the concepts covered.

Uploaded by

degag64086
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

EXPERIMENT NO -6

BRIDGE RECTIFIERS
AIM:

1. To observe waveform at the output of bridge rectifier with and without filter capacitor.
2. To measure DC voltage, DC current, ripple factor with and without filter capacitor.

EQUIPMENT:

1. Transformer 12 V AC, 500 mA - 1 No._______________


2. Diode 1N4007 - 4 No. ______________
3. or 1 A bridge rectifier package
4. Resistor 10K
5. Capacitor 1000µF
6. Toggle Switch

Construct circuit on the general purpose PCB. Keep toggle switch OFF to perform practical of
full wave rectifier without filter capacitor and ON to connect filter capacitor.

THEORY:

The Bridge rectifier is a circuit, which converts an ac voltage to dc voltage using both half cycles
of the input ac voltage. The Bridge rectifier circuit is shown in the following figure. The circuit
has four diodes connected to form a bridge. The ac input voltage is applied to the diagonally
opposite ends of the bridge. The load resistance is connected between the other two ends of the
bridge. For the positive half cycle of the input ac voltage, diodes D1 and D2 conduct, whereas
diodes D3 and D4 remain in the OFF state. The conducting diodes will be in series with the load
resistance RL and hence the load current flows through RL. For the negative half cycle of the input
ac voltage, diodes D3 and D4 conduct whereas, D1 and D2 remain OFF. The conducting diodes
D3 and D4 will be in series with the load resistance R L and hence the current flows through RL in
the same direction as in the previous half cycle. Thus a bi-directional wave is converted into a
unidirectional wave.

46 Electronic Devices and Circuits (EE-300) | [Military College of Signals]


The circuit diagram of the bridge rectifier with filter capacitor is shown in the following figure.
When capacitor charges during the first cycle, surge current flows because initially capacitor acts
like a short circuit. Thus, surge current is very large. If surge current exceeds rated current
capacity of the diode it can damage the diode. To limit surge current surge resistance is used in
series as shown in the figure. Similar surge resistance can be used in half wave as well as center-
tapped full wave rectifier also. Bridge rectifier package (combination of four diodes in form of
bridge) is easily available in the market for various current capacities ranging from 500 mA to
30A.
For laboratory purpose you can use 1A package.

47 Electronic Devices and Circuits (EE-300) | [Military College of Signals]


CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Advantages of bridge rectifier:

• No center tap is required in the transformer secondary hence transformer design is


simple. If stepping up and stepping down not required than transformer can be
eliminated. (In SMPS used in TV and computer, 230V is directly applied to the input of
bridge rectifier).
• The PIV of the diode is half than in center tap full wave rectifier
• Transformer utilization factor is higher than in center tapped full wave rectifier
• Smaller size transformer required for given capacity because transformer is utilized
effectively during both AC cycles.

Disadvantages of bridge rectifier:

• Requires Four diodes (But package is low cost)


• Forward voltage drop across two diodes. This will reduce efficiency particularly when
low voltage (less than 5V) is required.
• Load resistance and supply source have no common point which may be earthed.

48 Electronic Devices and Circuits (EE-300) | [Military College of Signals]


CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

OBSERVATIONS:

Waveforms:

[1] Without filter capacitor: Input Waveform at secondary of transformer:

Output waveform:

49 Electronic Devices and Circuits (EE-300) | [Military College of Signals]


[1] With filter capacitor: Input Waveform at secondary of transformer:

Output waveform:

CALCULATIONS:
[1] Without filter capacitor
AC Input voltage (rms) Vrms= ___________
DC output voltage VDC = ___________
DC current: IDC =______________
AC output voltage (Ripple voltage) Vr: __________
Ripple factor: (Vr/VDC) = ______________

[2] With filter capacitor


AC Input voltage (rms) Vrms= ___________
DC output voltage VDC = ___________
DC current: IDC =______________
AC output voltage (Ripple voltage) Vr: __________
Ripple factor: (Vr/VDC) = ______________

50 Electronic Devices and Circuits (EE-300) | [Military College of Signals]


CONCLUSION:

POST LAB QUESTIONS:

1. What is the mathematical expression for ripple factor. What is the ripple factor of bridge
rectifier without filter capacitor?

2. What is the mathematical relationship between rms AC input and DC output from the bridge
rectifier with and without filter capacitor? If transformer of 24V is used, what is the DC output
voltage with and without filter capacitor?

3. What is the PIV necessary for the diode if transformer of 12-0-12 V is used?

4. What is the efficiency of full wave bridge rectifier?

51 Electronic Devices and Circuits (EE-300) | [Military College of Signals]

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