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    Durgapur: National Institute of Technology

    Uploaded by

    Bishal Singh
    The document describes an experiment to demonstrate full wave rectification using a bridge rectifier. Key details: 1) The objective is to understand how a bridge rectifier converts AC to DC and calculate the ripple factor. 2) The circuit is built using diodes, resistors, capacitors, and tested with an oscilloscope and multimeter. 3) Results show that without filtering, the DC output is 3.38V with a ripple factor of 0.56, and with filtering using a capacitor, the DC output increases to 5.2V and the ripple factor decreases to 0.06.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Durgapur: National Institute of Technology

    Uploaded by

    Bishal Singh
    86 views10 pages
    The document describes an experiment to demonstrate full wave rectification using a bridge rectifier. Key details: 1) The objective is to understand how a bridge rectifier converts AC to DC and calculate the ripple factor. 2) The circuit is built using diodes, resistors, capacitors, and tested with an oscilloscope and multimeter. 3) Results show that without filtering, the DC output is 3.38V with a ripple factor of 0.56, and with filtering using a capacitor, the DC output increases to 5.2V and the ripple factor decreases to 0.06.

    Original Title

    20H80073--ECS51--EXP4

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    The document describes an experiment to demonstrate full wave rectification using a bridge rectifier. Key details: 1) The objective is to understand how a bridge rectifier converts AC to DC and calculate the ripple factor. 2) The circuit is built using diodes, resistors, capacitors, and tested with an oscilloscope and multimeter. 3) Results show that without filtering, the DC output is 3.38V with a ripple factor of 0.56, and with filtering using a capacitor, the DC output increases to 5.2V and the ripple factor decreases to 0.06.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    86 views10 pages

    Durgapur: National Institute of Technology

    Uploaded by

    Bishal Singh
    The document describes an experiment to demonstrate full wave rectification using a bridge rectifier. Key details: 1) The objective is to understand how a bridge rectifier converts AC to DC and calculate the ripple factor. 2) The circuit is built using diodes, resistors, capacitors, and tested with an oscilloscope and multimeter. 3) Results show that without filtering, the DC output is 3.38V with a ripple factor of 0.56, and with filtering using a capacitor, the DC output increases to 5.2V and the ripple factor decreases to 0.06.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

    DURGAPUR

    NAME-KUMARI MOHINI DHARAMDAS HURRE


    SEC-H ROLL- 20H80073
    REGIS. NO. 20U10728
    SUBJECT- ECS51 LAB REPORT
    DATE – 25TH JUNE, 2021

    EXPERIMENT-4

    Full Wave rectification using Bridge rectifier


    OBJECTIVE OF EXPERIMENT-
    To understand Full Wave rectification using Bridge rectifier and
    calculate ripple factor .

    COMPONENTS AND APPARATUS REQUIRED:


    Function Generator, Diode, Resistor, oscilloscope, breadboard, capacitor,
    connecting wires the Tinker-cad software to understand it virtually.

    Theory :
    Bridge Rectification is the process by which alternating current (a.c.) is
    converted into direct current (d.c.) is called rectification and the circuit
    which is used in this work is called a rectifier. Rectifiers are mainly
    classified into three types: Half-wave rectifier, Center tapped full-wave
    rectifier and Bridge Rectifier. All these three rectifiers have a common
    aim that is to convert Alternating Current (AC) into Direct Current (DC).

    In full wave rectification for both half of the input a. c. voltage current
    flows through the load resistance in one direction. For one half of the
    input voltage pair of diodes becomes forwardly biased, when the other
    pair of diodes remains in reverse biased.

    Again for the second half of a. c. input voltage the first two diodes
    become reverse biased and the second two diodes become forward
    biased. So, the current flows through the load in one direction.

    In this way, in both halves of the a. c. input voltage across the load is
    produced in one direction. This d. c. output is not smooth d. c. but
    pulsating d.
    c. i.e., both a. c. and d. c. components are present in the output. In order
    to get pure d. c. voltage the output is smoothed by a filter circuit
    Circuit diagram :

    Without using capacitor:

    FIG.1
    With using smoothing capacitor ( Filter circuit):
    FIG – 2

    Procedure :

    To make a Bridge rectifier we choose 4 diodes .Among them 1st 2


    diodes are connect in breadboard and sort the cathodes .then
    another 2 diodes are connect and their anode are sorted . therefore 4
    junction is created . two junction with both cathode and anode . and
    another two junction with one cathode – one anode . then the
    Resistor is connected between both cathode and anode junction .
    Then power supply is connected through two cathode-anode junction
    .
    After that measure the reading by using CRO and multimeter and
    Note down it.

    Using smoothing capacitor -


    Then connect the capacitor across the resistor to filter the circuit and
    calculate the value of reading by using CRO and Multimeter.
    According to the figure above the circuit,(fig – 1) a connection is
    made. During a positive half cycle of the secondary voltage M
    terminal of the transformer becomes positively charged and N
    terminal becomes negatively charged. In this situation, diodes D1 and
    D2 become forward biased and diodes D3 and D4 become reverse
    biased. So, along MED1CD2FN current flows and across RL potential
    drops. Again during negative half cycle terminal M becomes
    negatively charged. So, along NFD3CD4EM path current flows will be
    seen that current through load RL flows always in the same direction.
    Wave shapes of the input and output are observed through the
    oscilloscope.

    BY USING TINKER CAD :


    2 FUNCTION GENERATOR –
    I) Freq – 50Hz
    II) dc offset – varying
    III) waveform – sine
    IV) Amplitude – 10 v
    2 Oscilloscope – Time per division 10 ms
    A breadboard small
    Resistor – 1k ohm
    • Diodes
    • Connecting wires.
    BY changing the value of D.C offset
    When dc offset is 0V

    When dc offset is 2.5V


    When dc offset is -2V

    OBSERVATION :
    Configure the Full-wave bridge rectifier circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.
    Note down all the values of the components being used

    We use 1 . Diode 1N4007 2. A load resistance – 1kohm . 3 capacitor –


    33microF
    .4.Breadboard. 5.Multimeter. 6.CRO. 7. Wires.

    Connect the Input A.c through power supply and measure the
    Output across the load resistor by using oscilloscope .
    WITHOUT USING CAPACITOR -
    ❖ Input voltage (Vp) by CRO (peak):
    Total No of Division = 7 and voltage per division = 2v Peak to peak Amplitude –
    7*2 = 14 v
    Peak voltage (Vp) = 7V

    ❖ Output voltage (Vm) by CRO :


    Total no of division = 2.8 and voltage per division = 2V Hence V output (Vm) =
    2.8*2 = 5.6V.

    ❖ Input Frequency by using CRO :


    Time per division = 5 ms and Total no of division (Horizontal) = 4 Time period
    (T)= 5*4 = 20ms Hence
    Input frequency = 1/T = 50HZ
    ❖ Output Frequency by using CRO :
    Time per division = 5 ms and Total no of division ( horizontal) = 2 Time Period
    (T) = 5*2 = 10 ms
    Hence Output Frequency = 1/T = 100 Hz

    Measure BY using Multimeter :

    D.C output voltage : Select the multimeter in D.C mode and note the
    value is across the resistance 3.38 V
    Rms (A.C) voltage : select A.C mode in multimeter and value is 1.9 V
    Ripple Factor = Vrms / V d.c = 1.9/3.38= 0.56
    With Capacitor or filter Circuit – A capacitor is connected across the
    resistance:
    D.C output voltage by using Multimeter – 5.2V
    RMS or A.C voltage by using multimeter – 0.34V
    Ripple factor = 0.34/5.2 = 0.06

    WITHOUT CAPACITOR :

    I/P VOLTAGE PEAK (Vp) BY CRO 7V


    O/P VOLTAGE ( Vm) BY CRO 5.6V
    D.C OUTPUT VOLTAGE BY USING MULTIMETER (DMM) 3.38V
    D.C OUTPUT ( CALCULATED VALUE ) 2 Vm/Pi = 2*5.6/Pi = 3.56V

    A.C (RMS) VOLTAGE BY USING MULTIMETER 1.9V


    RIPPLE FACTOR:
    I) THEORITICAL 0.48
    INPUT FREQUENCY 50 HZ
    OUTPUT FREQUENCY 100 HZ

    NOW WITH CAPACITOR:

    D.C VOLTAGE BY USING MULTIMETER 5.2V

    A.C (RMS ) VOLTAGE BY USING MULTIMETER 0.34V

    RIPLLE FACTOR:

    i)THEORITICAL 0.08

    ii)BY OBSERVATION (PRACTICAL) 0.56

    iii)BY OBSERVATION (PRACTICAL) 0.06


    GRAPH:

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