Part B

Different types of operating systems & mobile OS with example

1. Rationale:
An operating system acts as an intermediary between the user of a computer and computer hardware. The
purpose of an operating system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute programs
conveniently and efficiently.
An operating system is a software that manages computer hardware. The hardware must provide
appropriate mechanisms to ensure the correct operation of the computer system and to prevent user
programs from interfering with the proper operation of the system.
The OS helps you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer’s
language. It is not possible for the user to use any computer or mobile device withouthaving an operating
system.

2. Aim of the Micro Project:

To make the computer system convenient to use in an efficient manner.To
hide the details of the hardware resources from the users.
To provide users a convenient interface to use the computer system.
To act as an intermediary between the hardware and its users, making it easier forthe
users to access and use other resources.
To manage the resources of a computer system.

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 To keep track of who is using which resource, granting resource requests, and
mediating conflicting requests from different programs and users.

3. Course Outcomes Integrated:

 Install operating system and configure it.

4. Actual Procedure followed:

• Searching for the topic
• Confirmed the topic we searched for for the micro project
• Distribution of work
• Collecting information about Project
• Making proposal
• Testing and analysis of test result
• Preparation of final project report

• Final submission of the project

5. Actual Resources Required:

Name of Specification
resources/Material
Sr.No.

1. Computer system Intel i5 11th gen

processor

2. RAM 16GB

3. Hard disk 1TB

4. Operating system Windows 10

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 6. Outputs of the Micro Projects:
Types Of Operating System:

• Batch Operating System

• Multitasking/Time Sharing OS
• Multiprocessing OS
• Real Time OS
• Distributed OS
• Network OS
• Mobile OS

Batch Operating System

Batch Operating system is one of the important type of operating system.
The users who using a batch operating system do not interact with the computer directly. Eachuser
prepares its job on an off-line device like punch cards and submits it to the computer operator. To
speed up the processing, jobs with similar needs are batched together and run as agroup. The
programmers exit their programs with the operator and the operator then sorts the programs with
similar requirements into batches.

The problems that occurs with Batch Systems are as follows – •

There is a lack of interaction between the user and the job.
• CPU is being often idle, because the speed of the mechanical I/O devices is slower than
the CPU.
• It is difficult to provide the desired priority.

Advantages:

• Processors of the batch systems are aware of the time duration of the job even when it is
present in the queue.
• Batch systems can be shared by multiple users.
• There I very less idle time of the batch system.
• It enables us to manage the efficiently large load of work.

Disadvantages:

• It is very difficult to debug the batch systems

• It proves to be costly sometimes
• If any job fails, then it is difficult to predict the time

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Examples:

Payrolls Systems, Banks Statement etc.

Multitasking/Time Sharing OS
Time-sharing operating system enables people located at a different terminal(shell) to use asingle
computer system at the same time. The processor time (CPU) which is shared amongmultiple users
is termed as time sharing.

A time shared operating system uses CPU scheduling and multi-programming to provide eachwith a
small portion of a shared computer at once. Each user has at least one separate programin memory. A
program loaded into memory and executes, it performs a short period of time either before completion
or to complete I/O. This short period of time during which user gets attention of CPU is known as time
slice, time slot or quantum. It is typically of the order of 10to 100 milliseconds. Time shared operating
systems are more complex than
multiprogrammed operating systems. In both, multiple jobs must be kept in memory
simultaneously, so the system must have memory management and security. To
achieve a good response time, jobs may have to swap in and out of disk from main memory

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 which now serves as a backing store for main memory. A common method to achieve this goal is
virtual memory, a technique that allows the execution of a job that may not be completely in memory.

Advantages:

• Duplication of software is less probable

• Each task is given equal importance
• The CPU idle time can be decreased

Disadvantages:

• Problem of reliability
• Care of security and integrity is to be taken of user data and programs
• There is a problem in data communication

Examples:

Multics, Unix etc.

Multiprocessing OS
A multiprocessor system is defined as "a system with more than one processor", and, more precisely, "a
number of central processing units linked together to enable parallel processing totake place".

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 The key objective of a multiprocessor is to boost a system's execution speed. The other
objectives are fault tolerance and application matching.

The term "multiprocessor" can be confused with the term "multiprocessing". While multiprocessing is a
type of processing in which two or more processors work together to execute multiple programs
simultaneously, multiprocessor refers to a hardware architecture thatallows multiprocessing.

Multiprocessor systems are classified according to how processor memory access is handled andwhether
system processors are of a single type or various ones.

Advantages:

High Throughput

Type of parallel processing

Less electricity usage

High Reliability

Economic

Disadvantages:

As multiple processors are communicating with each other so the operating system
implementation is complex to handle.

More memory required

Deadlock

If any processor fails to work then the work is divided into other processors.

The bad effect will be that work will be completed in high time and the performance of thesystem
is affected.
Expensive

Examples:

Windows NT, Solaris, Digital UNIX, OS/2 & Linux, etc.

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 Real Time OS
A real time operating system time interval to process and respond to inputs is very small.
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) intended to serve real-time
applications that processes data and events that have critically defined time constraints for thesystem
under control to perform as required.

There are two types of Real-Time Operating System:

• Hard Real-Time Systems

For the applications where time constraints or conditions are very strict and even the smallest or
shortest possible delay is not accepted. These systems are mainly built for saving a life like
automatic opening parachutes or airbags which are required to be immediately available in case
of an accident. Virtual memory is mostly not used in thesesystems.
• Soft Real-Time Systems
For applications where for less strict time-constraint.

Advantages:

• Maximum use of devices and system thus gives more output from all the resources •
Time given for shifting tasks is very less
• It Focusses on running applications and gives less importance to queue applications

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 • Size of programs are small
• Error free
• Memory allocation is well managed

Disadvantages:

• Only some task run at the same time

• Sometimes the system resources are not good enough and they are costly as well
• Complex and difficult to write algorithms are used
• It requires specific device drivers
• They are very less prone to switching tasks

Examples:

Medical imaging systems, industrial control, weapon systems, air traffic control systems, etc.

Distributed OS
A distributed operating system is system software over a collection of independent, networked,
communicating, and physically separate computational nodes. They handle jobs which are serviced by
multiple CPUs.

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 Distributed systems use many processors located in different machines to provide very fast
computation to its users.

Advantages:

 The data exchange speed is increased by using electronic mails

 All systems are entirely independent]et of each other
 Failure of one system is not going to affect the other
 The resources are shared and hence the computation is very fast and speedy
 There is a reduction in load on their host computers
 Delay in processing reduces

Disadvantages:

• If the main network fails, this will stop the complete communication.
• To establish such systems, the language which is used are not clearly and well defined
still.
• They are very expensive.
• The underlying software is highly complex.

Examples: LOCUS etc.

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 Network OS
A network operating system (NOS) is a computer operating system (OS) that is designed primarily to
support workstations, personal computers and, in some instances, older terminals that are connected on
a local area network (LAN). The software behind a NOS allows multipledevices within a network to
communicate and share resources with each other.

The composition of hardware that typically uses a NOS includes a number of personal computers, a
printer, a server and file server with a local network that connects them together. The role of the NOS is
to then provide basic network services and features that support multipleinput requests simultaneously in
a multiuser environment.

Advantages:

• The servers are Highly stable and centralized

• Servers handle Security concerns
• New technologies and hardware up-gradation can be easily integrated
• Server access is possible remotely from various locations and different types of systems

Disadvantages:

• Costly servers
• Depended on central location
• Regular updates and maintenance required

Examples:

MS Windows Server 2003, MS Windows Server 2008, NetWare, BSD etc.

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 Mobile OS
Mobile operating systems are those OS which is especially that are designed to power
smartphones, tablets, and wearables devices.

An OS is a software interface that is responsible for managing and operating hardware units andassisting
the user to use those units. For mobile phones, OSs have been developed to enable users to use phones
in much the same way as personal computers were used 1 or 2 decades ago.The most well-known
mobile OSs are Android, iOS, Windows phone OS, and Symbian. The market share ratios of those OSs
are Android 47.51%, iOS 41.97%, Symbian 3.31%, and Windows phone OS 2.57%. There are some
other mobile OSs that are less used (BlackBerry, Samsung, etc.)

Advantages:

• It also includes open source platforms being well supported.

• It also includes notification ease.

Disadvantages:

• It also includes a poor battery quality.

Examples:

iOS, Android, Microsoft Windows, Symbian,etc.

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7. Skill Development:

• Presentation skill increased.

• Technical knowledge increased.
• Get more knowledge about operating system.
• Management of time.

8. Conclusion:
We understood about the concept of types of operating system and also we understand
examples of it.

9. Reference:

• From SY.CM.TECHMAX book

• Google Chrome- Wikipedia
• Madam Suggested

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