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C_String_Questions_Answers

The document provides a comprehensive overview of string manipulation in C, covering topics such as declaration, length determination, copying, comparison, concatenation, and conversion of strings. It includes explanations of various functions like strlen(), strcpy(), strcmp(), and others, along with code examples for clarity. Additionally, it addresses concepts like the null character, trimming spaces, and character frequency counting.

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mdashikur24125
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© © All Rights Reserved
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2 views

C_String_Questions_Answers

The document provides a comprehensive overview of string manipulation in C, covering topics such as declaration, length determination, copying, comparison, concatenation, and conversion of strings. It includes explanations of various functions like strlen(), strcpy(), strcmp(), and others, along with code examples for clarity. Additionally, it addresses concepts like the null character, trimming spaces, and character frequency counting.

Uploaded by

mdashikur24125
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. What is a string in C?

Answer:
A string in C is an array of characters terminated by a null character ('\0'). It
is used to store a sequence of characters, such as words or sentences.

2. How do you declare a string in C?


Answer:
A string can be declared in C as an array of characters, like this:
char str[50];
or initialized with values:
char str[] = "Hello";

3. How do you find the length of a string in C?


Answer:
The length of a string can be found using the strlen() function:
#include <string.h>
int len = strlen(str);
strlen() returns the number of characters in the string excluding the null
terminator.

4. How can you copy one string into another in C?


Answer:
To copy a string in C, use the strcpy() function:
#include <string.h>
strcpy(str2, str1);
This copies the contents of str1 into str2.

5. How can you compare two strings in C?


Answer:
To compare two strings, use the strcmp() function:
#include <string.h>
if (strcmp(str1, str2) == 0) {
printf("Strings are equal");
} else {
printf("Strings are different");
}
strcmp() returns 0 if the strings are equal.

6. How do you concatenate two strings in C?


Answer:
To concatenate two strings, use the strcat() function:
#include <string.h>
strcat(str1, str2);
This appends the contents of str2 to the end of str1.

7. How do you convert a string to uppercase in C?


Answer:
To convert a string to uppercase, use the strupr() function (available in some
compilers) or iterate over each character and convert it manually:
#include <ctype.h>
for (int i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) {
str[i] = toupper(str[i]);
}

8. How do you convert a string to lowercase in C?


Answer:
To convert a string to lowercase, use the strlwr() function (available in some
compilers) or manually convert each character:
#include <ctype.h>
for (int i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) {
str[i] = tolower(str[i]);
}

9. How do you reverse a string in C?


Answer:
To reverse a string, you can use a loop or recursion. Here's an example using a
loop:
#include <string.h>
void reverseString(char str[]) {
int len = strlen(str);
for (int i = 0; i < len / 2; i++) {
char temp = str[i];
str[i] = str[len - i - 1];
str[len - i - 1] = temp;
}
}

10. What is the difference between strcpy() and strncpy()?


Answer:
- strcpy() copies the entire string, including the null terminator, from the source
to the destination.
- strncpy() copies a specified number of characters, which can be less than the
length of the string.
Example:
strncpy(dest, source, 5); // Copies first 5 characters

11. How do you search for a substring within a string in C?


Answer:
You can use the strstr() function to search for a substring:
#include <string.h>
char *result = strstr(str, "sub");
if (result != NULL) {
printf("Substring found: %s\n", result);
} else {
printf("Substring not found\n");
}

12. How can you find the position of a character in a string in C?


Answer:
You can use the strchr() function to find the first occurrence of a character:
#include <string.h>
char *result = strchr(str, 'a');
if (result != NULL) {
printf("Character found at position: %ld\n", result - str);
} else {
printf("Character not found\n");
}

13. What is the null character ('\0') in C strings?


Answer:
The null character ('\0') is used to mark the end of a string. It signifies the
termination of a string, so functions like strlen(), strcpy(), and others know
where the string ends.

14. How do you trim spaces from the beginning and end of a string?
Answer:
To trim spaces, you can use a loop to shift the characters:
#include <ctype.h>
int start = 0, end = strlen(str) - 1;
while (isspace(str[start])) start++;
while (isspace(str[end])) end--;
for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) {
printf("%c", str[i]);
}

15. How can you find the frequency of a character in a string?


Answer:
You can iterate through the string and count occurrences of the character:
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) {
if (str[i] == 'a') {
count++;
}
}
printf("Character 'a' occurs %d times\n", count);

16. What is the strncmp() function used for?


Answer:
strncmp() compares the first n characters of two strings:
#include <string.h>
if (strncmp(str1, str2, 5) == 0) {
printf("First 5 characters are equal\n");
}

17. How do you copy a portion of a string in C?


Answer:
You can use the strncpy() function to copy a portion of a string:
#include <string.h>
strncpy(destination, source, n); // Copies first n characters from source to
destination

18. What is memcpy() and how is it different from strcpy()?


Answer:
memcpy() copies a specified number of bytes from one memory location to another,
while strcpy() is specifically for copying C strings (including the null
terminator). memcpy() does not consider the null terminator.

19. How do you concatenate strings with a specified limit in C?


Answer:
You can use strncat() to concatenate strings with a specified limit:
#include <string.h>
strncat(str1, str2, n); // Concatenates up to n characters from str2 to str1

20. How do you convert a string to an integer in C?


Answer:
You can use the atoi() function to convert a string to an integer:
#include <stdlib.h>
int num = atoi(str);
This converts the string str to an integer.

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