英语100篇精读荟萃（基础篇）

100 type by simon8029
Passage oneThe only way to travel is on foot

The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like Palaeolithic Man, Neolithic Man, etc., neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label Legless Man. Histories of the time will go something like this: in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didnt use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways, ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were marred by the presence of large car parks. The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another, we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a birds-eye view of the world or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers, in particular, are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on: they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways, or what? And as for sea travel, it hardly deserves mention. It is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song: I joined the navy to see the world, and what did I see? I saw the sea. The typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says Ive been there. You mention the remotest, most evocative place-names in the world like El Dorado, Kabul, Irkutsk and someone is bound to say Ive been there meaning, I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else. When you travel at high speeds, the present means nothing: you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival, when it is achieved, is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this, you suspend all experience; the present ceases to be a reality: you might just as well be dead. The traveler on foot, on the other hand, lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing: he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes, his ears and the whole of his body. At the end of his journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. He knows that sound. Satisfying sleep will be his: the just reward of all true travellers. 1Anthorpologists label nowadays men Legless because A people forget how to use his legs. B people prefer cars, buses and trains. C lifts and escalators prevent people from walking. D there are a lot of transportation devices. 2Travelling at high speed means A peoples focus on the future. B a pleasure. C satisfying drivers great thrill. D a necessity of life. 3Why does the author say we are deprived of the use of our eyes ? A People wont use their eyes. B In traveling at high speed, eyes become useless. C People cant see anything on his way of travel.
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D People want to sleep during travelling. 4What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage? A Legs become weaker. B Modern means of transportation make the world a small place. C There is no need to use eyes. D The best way to travel is on foot. 5. What does a birds-eye view mean? A See view with birds eyes. B A bird looks at a beautiful view. C It is a general view from a high position looking down. D A scenic place. VOCABULARY 1. Palaeolithic 2. Neolithic 3. escalator 4. ski-lift 5. mar 6. blur 7. smear 8. evocative 9. El Dorado () 10. Kabul 11. Irkutsk The only way to travel is on foot 1. Air travel gives you a birds-eye view of the world or even if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. 2. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the country-side constantly smears the windows. 1 A 20 20
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B C D A B C D C A B D D A B C C A B D
Passage two (Vicious and Dangerous Sports Should be Banned by Law)

When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, its amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Dont the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungey lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting. It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of the sporting spirit is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent
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sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence. Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask. The answer is simple: they are uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law. The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings. 1. It can be inferred from the passage that the authors opinion of nowadays human beings is A. not very high. B. high. C. contemptuous. D. critical. 2. The main idea of this passage is A. vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law. B. people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence. C. to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports. D. people are bloodthirsty in sports. 3. That the author mentions the old Romans is A. To compare the old Romans with todays people. B. to give an example. C. to show human beings in the past know nothing better. D. to indicate human beings are used to bloodthirsty. 4. How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage? A. Three. B. Five. C. Six. D. Seven. 5. The purpose of the author in writing this passage is A. that, by banning the violent sports, we human beings can improve our selves. B. that, by banning the dangerous sports, we can improve the law. C. that we must take positive steps to improve social welfare system. D. to show law is the main instrument of social change.
Vocabulary
1. 2. 3. 4. relish orgy arena blood-thirsty
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5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
bear-baiting bull-fight batter pulp burst into flames grim coop up
/ /
1. bear-baiting 2. two men batter each other to pulp in the boxing ring. batter one to pulp = beat one to a pulp 3. unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. 4. A world heavy weight championship match is front page news.
1. A. / 2000 C
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2.
3.
4. 5.
A A. B. C. D. D. A. B. C. B. 5 A. B. C. D.
Passage three(Advertisers Perform a Useful Service to the Community)

Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why theyre always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion and because they have so much money to throw around. Its iniquitous, they say, that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why dont they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods? After all, its the consumer who pays The poor old consumer! Hed have to pay a great deal more if advertising didnt create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Supposing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more than likely you would obtain details regarding performance, price, etc., from an advertisement. Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements these days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway byelaws while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely printed
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columns of news in your daily paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a drab wall or a newspaper full of the daily ration of calamities. We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not subsist without this source of revenue. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price! Another thing we mustnt forget is the small ads. which are in virtually every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns. For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called the hatch, match and dispatch column but by far the most fascinating section is the personal or agony column. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. Its the best advertisement for advertising there is! 1. What is main idea of this passage? A. Advertisement. B. The benefits of advertisement. C. Advertisers perform a useful service to communities. D. The costs of advertisement. 2. The attitude of the author toward advertisers is A. appreciative. B. trustworthy. C. critical. D. dissatisfactory. 3. Why do the critics criticize advertisers? A. Because advertisers often brag. B. Because critics think advertisement is a waste of money. C. Because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary. D. Because customers pay more. 4. Which of the following is Not True? A. Advertisement makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything. B. We can buy what we want. C. Good quality products dont need to be advertised. D. Advertisement makes our life colorful. 5. The passage is A. Narration. B. Description. C. Criticism. D. Argumentation.
Vocabulary 1. come in for ( sth. ) 2. flair
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
iniquitous drab subsist hatch match dispatch agony agony column
1. Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why theyre always coming in for criticism. 2. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a flair for self-promotion. / 3. No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offer such deep insight into human nature. 4. Its the best advertisement for advertising there is. 1. C. / A. B. D. 2. A. / A A B. C. D.
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3. A. 1. B. C. D. 4. C. A. B. D. 5. C. A. B. D.
Passage four(preface)
Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every facet of our life, educated people need at least some acquaintance with its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist. This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose acquaintance with science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modern world, or independently of any course simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture. We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to comprise more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is implicitly sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To offset this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating he and she. This policy is far form being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgment of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally. We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as do many other scientists, that we shouldnt take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living. 1. According to the passage, scientific subculture means [A] cultural groups that are formed by scientists. [B] people whose knowledge of science is very limited. [C] the scientific community.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
[D] people who make good contribution to science. We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because [A] it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientists. [B] Science affects almost every aspect of our life. [C] Scientists live in a specific subculture. [D] It is easier to understand general characteristics of science. The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who [A] are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about science. [B] are good at producing various gadgets. [C] work in a storehouse of dried facts. [D] want to have a superficial understanding of science. According to this passage, [A] English is a sexist language. [B] only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly. [C] women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language. [D] male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists. This passage most probably is [A] a book review. [B] the preface of a book. [C] the postscript of a book. [D] the concluding part of a book.
Vocabulary 1. subculture 2. superficial 3. lay person 4. musty 5. gadget 6. pervasive 7. populate 8. implicit 9. unspecified 10. offset
1. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to attain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist. 2. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitude and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are and what they do.
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3. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture. 4. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not an unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all segments of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. 5. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgement of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of human race equally.
1. C A. B. C. 2. B A. C. D. 3. A A B. C. D. 4. D
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A. B. C. 5. B A. C. D.
Passage five(Meditation in Indonesian Business)

It looked like a typical business meeting. Six men, neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table. But instead of consulting files or hearing reports, they closed their eyes and began to meditate, consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese kings. Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception. One of the meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes for good decision-making. But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has also helped boost the profits of his five companies. Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13 th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Indian Moslem merchants. Those devout traders, called Wali Ullah or those close to God, energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java. Legends attribute magic power of foreknowledge to the Wali Ullah. These powers were believed to be gained through meditation and fasting. Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all night every Thursday to become closer to God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past. If we want to employ someone at the managerial level, we meditate together and often the message comes that this man cant hole onto money or he is untrustworthy. Or maybe the spirits will tell us he should be hired. Hadiziko hastened to add that his companies also hold modern personnel management systems and that formal qualifications are essential for a candidate even to be considered. Perspective investments also are considered through mystic meditation. With the mind relaxed and open, it is easier to be objective in judging the risk of a new venture. Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition. Then you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and work hard to be successful. Mystic meditation helped reverse a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980. Operating with normal business procedures, he lost more than $ 3 millions in that year alone. Meditation brought back his peace of mind. Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability. The mysticism in Handspikes boardroom is part of a growing movement in Indonesia called Kebatinan the search for the inner self. One of his managers, Yusuf Soemado, who studied business administration at Harvard University, compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking. Willpower and subconscious mind are recognized as important factors in business. Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegies think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same
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higher intelligence that we contact through meditation, he said. 1. What is the most important factor in their doing business? [A] Mysticism. [B] Religion. [C] Meditation. [D] Investment. 2. Whom do they consult? [A] The spirits of ancient Javanese kings. [B] Wali Ullah. [C] Old Kings. [D] Carnegie. 3. Why did Hadisike hasten to add his companies also hold modern personnel management systems? [A] He thought Mysticism was not so good as expected. [B] To show they too focused on qualifications. [C] To show they hired qualified persons. [D] To show the possibility of combination of the scientific management with religion. 4. According to the passage, the function of the meditation is [A] to gain profit from the god. [B] to gain peace of mind to make decision. [C] to gain foreknowledge. [D] to gain objective conclusion. 5. What does operating with normal business procedures refer to? [A] Adopting the western way of doing business. [B] Ordinary way of doing business without meditation and fasting. [C] Contact with God. [D] Putting right persons in the right jobs.
Vocabulary 1. file into 2. Jakarta 3. meditate 4. Java 5. Javanese 6. mysticism 7. boost 8. devout 9. appeal (to) 10. legend 11. fasting 12. hold onto 13. personnel management system 14. perspective investment
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15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.
venture sharpen business slide turn around subconscious cybernetics Carnegie tap
/ /
1. Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception. 2. Those devout traders, called Wali Ullah or those close to God, energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java. Wali Ullah 3. Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability. 4. Search for the inner self. 5. Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegies think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher intelligence that we contact through meditation.
1. C A. B. D. 2. A B. Wali Ullah Wali Ullah C. D. Wali Ullah 1835-1919 3. B Hadisiko

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A. C. D. Hadisike 4. B A. C. D. Wali Ullah 5. B 300 B A. C. D.
Passage six(Dropouts for Ph. D. s)

Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless. The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates. Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D. The results of our research Dr. Tucker concluded, did not support these opinions. 1. Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out. 2. Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialities. 3. Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation. Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent. As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D. s with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D.
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s shone in the $ 7,500 to $ 15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields. As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job. 1. The author states that many educators feel that [A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus. [B] the fropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study. [C] the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout. [D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members. 2. Research has shown that [A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. s in financial attainment. [B] the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph. D. studies. [C] The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out. [D] about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree. 3. Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D. [A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out. [B] is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate. [C] is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs. [D] does not vary in difficulty among universities. 4. After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that [A] optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree. [B] a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree. [C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph. D. dropouts. [D] Ph. D. s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions. 5. It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in [A] salary for Ph. D. too low. [B] academic requirement too high. [C] salary for dropouts too high. [D] 1000 positions.
Vocabulary 1. dropout 2. well-rounded 3. attrition / 4. drain 5. bracket 6. lagging behind other fields 7. glum
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1. Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. 2. It was base on 22,000questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless. sent questionnairesWho students 22000 24 3. Attrition at the Ph. D. lever is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. To capacity 4. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields. the fact that where academic fields
50 31
1. A. B. C. D. 2. D. 31 A. 2 20000 7000 15000 78 50 B. C. 3. C. 75

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A. B. D. 4. A. 25 B. C. B. D. D. C. 4 5. A. A. 4 B. C. D D.
Passage seven(Stricter Traffic Law can Prevent Accidents)

From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining diseases. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motor-car ! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen. It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a mans very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering-wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-years-olds and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving. The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly on the motorist and seems to condone his behaviour. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy tragic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten. It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of some the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far more difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through stringent annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a persons driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be mad much
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stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specifications for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as to severe if tit results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not motor-cars. 1. The main idea of this passage is [A] Traffic accidents are mainly caused by motorists. [B] Thousands of people the world over are killed each year. [C] The laws of some countries about driving are too lax. [D] Only stricter traffic laws can prevent accidents. 2. What does the author think of society toward motorists? [A] Society smiles on the motorists. [B] Huge car parks are built in the cities and towns. [C] Victims of accidents are nothing. [D] Society condones their rude driving. 3. Why does the author say: his car becomes the extension of his personality? [A] Driving can show his real self. [B] Driving can show the other part of his personality. [C] Driving can bring out his character. [D] His car embodies his temper. 4. Which of the followings is NOT mentioned as a way against traffic accidents? [A] Build more highways. [B] Stricter driving tests. [C] Test drivers every three years. [D] raise age limit and lay down safety specifications. 5. The attitude of the author is [A] ironical [B] critical [C] appealing [D] militant Vocabulary 1. immunise 2. expectation of life = life expectancy 3. versus = against 4. mutilate 5. wilful 6. benign 7. condone 8. desecrate 9. code 10. stringent 11. performance cars behavior such as speed, function etc.
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1. Man versus the motor-car ! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. 2. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned.
1. D 21 A. B. C. 2. D A. B. C. 3. A B. C. D. 4. A B. D. C. 5. B A. C. D.
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Passage Eight(The Development of Cities)

Mass transportation revised the social and economic fabric of the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses, and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant form city centers than they were in the premodern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those who could afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period, another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but within the metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years lots that could have housed five to six million people. Of course, many were never occupied; there was always a huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicago and other cities. These excesses underscore a feature of residential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased and prepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much as to respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process. Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster than population growth. 1. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned? [A] Types of mass transportation. [B] Instability of urban life. [C] How supply and demand determine land use. [D] The effect of mass transportation on urban expansion. 2. Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago? [A] To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth. [B] To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation. [C] To show mass transportation changed many cities. [D] To contrast their rate of growth. 3. According to the passage, what was one disadvantage of residential expansion? [A] It was expensive. [B] It happened too slowly. [C] It was unplanned. [D] It created a demand for public transportation. 4. The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city, [A] that is large. [B] that is used as a model for land development. [C] where the development of land exceeded population growth.
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[D] with an excellent mass transportation system. Vocabulary 1. revise 2. fabric 3. catalyze 4. sort out 5. omnibus 6. trolley 7. periphery 8. sprawl 9. lot 10. underscore 11. transit lines 12. subdivision
1. D A. B. C. 2. C 1850 2 10 1890 1920 250000 550000 A. D. B. 3. C A. B. D. 4. C

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A. B. D.
Passage Nine(Holmes Knowledge)

His ignorance was as remarkable as his knowledge. Of contemporary literature, philosophy and politics he appeared to know next to nothing. Upon my quoting Thomas Carlyle, he inquired in the naivest way who he might be and what he had done. My surprise reached a climax, however, when I found incidentally that he was ignorant of the Copernican Theory and of the composition of the Solar system. You appear to be astonished, Holmes said, smiling at my expression. Now that I do know it I shall do my best to forget it. You see, I consider that a mans brain originally is like a little empty attic, and you have to stock it with such furniture as you choose: A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it. It is a mistake to think that the little room has elastic walls and can distend to any extent. Depend upon it, there comes a time when for every addition of knowledge you forget something that you know before. It is of the highest importance, therefore, not to have useless facts elbowing out the useful ones. But the Solar System! I protested. What the deuce is it to me? he interrupted impatiently. One morning, I picked up a magazine from the table and attempted to while away the time with it, while my companion munched silently at his toast. One of the articles had a pencil mark at the heading, and I naturally began to run my eye through it. Its somewhat ambitious title was The Book of Life, and it attempted to show how much an observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way. It struck me as being a remarkable mixture of shrewdness and of absurdity. The reasoning was close and intense, but the deduction appeared to me to be far-fetched and exaggerated. The writer claimed by a momentary expression, a twitch of a muscle or a glance of an eye, to fathom a mans inmost thought. Deceit, according to him, was impossibility in the case of one trained to observation and analysis. His conclusions were as infallible as so many propositions of Euclid. So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer. From a drop of water, said the writer, a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic. So all life is a great chain, the nature of which is known whenever we are shown a single link of it. Like all other arts, the science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it. This smartly written piece of theory I could not accept until a succession of evidences justified it. 1. What is the authors attitude toward Holmes? [A]Praising. [B]Critical. [C]Ironical. [D]Distaste. 2. What way did the author take to stick out Holmes uniqueness? [A]By deduction. [B]By explanation.
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[C]By contrast. [D]By analysis. 3. What was the Holmes idea about knowledge-learning? [A]Learning what every body learned. [B]Learning what was useful to you. [C]Learning whatever you came across. [D]Learning what was different to you. 4. What did the article mentioned in the passage talk about? [A]One may master the way of reasoning through observation. [B]One may become rather critical through observation and analysis. [C]One may become rather sharp through observation and analysis. [D]One may become practical through observation and analysis.
Vocabulary 1. Thomas Carlyle 1795-1881 2. jumble (up) 3. lay hand on (upon) sth. 4. at best 5. elbow out (off) 6. deuce = devil what the deuce is it to me? 7. while away the time / 8. shrewdness 9. far-fetched 10. fathom / 11. infallible 12. uninitiated 13. Euclid 14. necromancer
1. A fool takes in all the lumber of every sort that he comes across, so that the knowledge which might be useful to him gets crowded out, or at best jumbled up with a lot of other things, so that he has difficulty in laying his hand upon it. A fool lumber that he comes across so that knowledge which; or crowded out jumbled up; so that so that 2. Its somewhat ambitious title was The Book of Life, and it attempted to show how much an
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observant man might learn by an accurate and systematic examination of all that came in his way. and how much 3. So startling would his results appear to the uninitiated that until they learned the processes by which he had arrived at them they might well consider him as a necromancer. so that So His results would appear so startling to the uninitiated thatthat until by which the processes 4. Like all other arts, the Science of Deduction and Analysis is one which can be acquired by long and patient study, nor is life long enough to allow any mortal to attain the highest possible perfection in it. nor which one nor
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C
Passage ten(Antinuclear Demonstration)

Police fired tear gas and arrested more than 5,000 passively resisting protestors Friday in an attempt to break up the largest antinuclear demonstration ever staged in the United States. More than 135,000 demonstrators confronted police on the construction site of a 1,000-megawatt nuclear power plant scheduled to provide power to most of southern New Hampshire. Organizers of the huge demonstration said, the protest was continuing despite the police actions. More demonstrators were arriving to keep up the pressure on state authorities to cancel the project. The demonstrator had charged that the project was unsafe in the densely populated area, would create thermal pollution in the bay, and had no acceptable means for disposing of its radioactive wasters. The demonstrations would go on until the jails and the courts were so
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overloaded that the state judicial system would collapse. Governor Stanforth Thumper insisted that there would be no reconsideration of the power project and no delay in its construction set for completion in three years. This project will begin on time and the people of this state will begin to receive its benefits on schedule. Those who break the law in misguided attempts to sabotage the project will be dealt with according to the law, he said. And police called in reinforcements from all over the state to handle the disturbances. The protests began before dawn Friday when several thousand demonstrators broke through police lines around the cordoned-off construction site. They carried placards that read No Nukes is Good Nukes, Sunpower, Not Nuclear Power, and Stop Private Profits from Public Peril. They defied police order to move from the area. Tear gas canisters fired by police failed to dislodge the protestors who had come prepared with their own gas masks or facecloths. Finally gas-masked and helmeted police charged into the crowd to drag off the demonstrators one by one. The protestors did not resist police, but refused to walk away under their own power. Those arrested would be charged with unlawful assembly, trespassing, and disturbing the peace. 1. What were the demonstrators protesting about? [A] Private profits. [B] Nuclear Power Station. [C] The project of nuclear power construction. [D] Public peril. 2. Who had gas-masks? [A] Everybody. [B] A part of the protestors. [C] Policemen. [D] Both B and C. 3. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a reason for the demonstration? [A] Public transportation. [B] Public peril. [C] Pollution. [D] Disposal of wastes. 4. With whom were the jails and courts overloaded? [A] With prisoners. [B] With arrested demonstrators. [C] With criminals. [D] With protestors. 5. What is the attitude of Governor Stanforth Thumper toward the power project and the demonstration? [A] stubborn. [B] insistent. [C] insolvable. [D] remissible. Vocabulary 1. tear gas 2. passively resisting protestor

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3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
stage break up cordon nuke defy canister dislodge charge trespass
1. Police fired tear gas and arrested more than 5,000 passively resisting protestors Friday in an attempt to break up the largest antinuclear demonstration ever staged in the United States. in an attempt staged Staged demonstration 5000 2. The protests began before dawn Friday when several thousand demonstrators broke through police lines around the cordoned-off construction site. 5000 1. C B. A. D. 2. D 3. A B. C. D. 4. B
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A. C. D. 5. A B. C. D.
Passage Eleven (Superconducting Materials)

The stone age, The Iron Age. Entire epochs have been named for materials. So what to call the decades ahead? The choice will be tough. Welcome to the age of superstuff. Material science -- once the least sexy technology is bursting with new, practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics. But superconductors are just part of the picture: from house and cars to cook pots and artificial teeth, the world will someday be made of different stuff. Exotic plastics, glass and ceramics will shape the future just as surely as have genetic engineering and computer science. The key to the new materials is researchers increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level. Ceramics, for example, have long been limited by their brittleness. But by minimizing the microscopic imperfections that cause it, scientists are making far stronger ceramics that still retain such qualities as hardness and heat resistance. Ford Motor Co. now uses ceramic tools to cut steel. A firm called Kyocera has created a line of ceramic scissors and knives that stay sharp for years and never rust or corrode. A similar transformation has overtaken plastics. High-strength polymers now form bridges, ice-skating rinks and helicopter rotors. And one new plastic that generates electricity when vibrated or pushed is used in electric guitars, touch sensors for robot hands and karate jackets that automatically record each punch and chop. Even plastic litter, which once threatened to permanently blot the landscape, has proved amenable to molecular tinkering. Several manufacturers now make biodegradable forms; some plastic sixpack rings for example, gradually decompose when exposed to sunlight. Researchers are developing ways to make plastics as recyclable as metal or glass. Besides, composites plastic reinforced with fibers of graphite or other compounds made the round-the-world flight of the voyager possible and have even been proved in combat: a helmet saved an infantrymans life by deflecting two bullets in the Grenada invasion. Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic cable that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane. But new materials have no impact until they are made into products. And that transition could prove difficult, for switching requires lengthy research and investment. It can be said a firmer handle on how to move to commercialization will determine the success or failure of a country in the near future. 1. How many new materials are mentioned in this passage? [A] Two [B] Three [C] Four [D] Five 2. Why does the author mention genetic engineering and computer science? [A] To compare them with the new materials.
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[B] To show the significance of the new materials on the future world. [C] To compare the new materials to them. [D] To explain his view point. 3. Why is transition difficult? [A] Because transition requires money and time. [B] Because many manufacturers are unwilling to change their equipment. [C] Because research on new materials is very difficult. [D]Because it takes 10 years. 4. Where lies success of a country in the New Age of superstuff? [A] It lies in research. [B] It lies in investment. [C] It lies in innovation. [D] It lies in application. Vocabulary 1. superstuff 2. superconducting ceramic 3. exotic 4. shape 5. brittleness 6. polymer 7. karate jacket 8. touch sensor 9. each punch and chop 10. blot 11. tinker 12. amendable 13. biodegradable 14. six-pack rings 15. decompose 16. recyclable 17. infantryman 18. deflect 19. a new twist
1. Material science once the least sexy technology is bursting with new, practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics. 2. Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic cables that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.
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100 , 1. B 100 2. B A. C. D. A 3. A B. D. C. 4. D A. B. C. A B C
Passage Twelve (We Should All Grow Fat and Be Happy)

Heres a familiar version of the boy-meets-girl situation. A young man has at last plucked up courage to invite a dazzling young lady out to dinner. She has accepted his invitation and he is overjoyed. He is determined to take her to the best restaurant in town, even if it means that he will have to live on memories and hopes during the month to come. When they get to the restaurant, he discovers that this ethereal creature is on a diet. She mustnt eat this and she mustnt that. Oh, but of course, she doesnt want to spoil his enjoyment. Let him by all means eat as much fattening food as he wants: its the surest way to an early grave. They spend a truly memorable evening together and never see each other again. What a miserable lot dieters are! You can always recognize them from the sour expression on their faces. They spend most of their time turning their noses up at food. They are forever consulting calorie charts; gazing at themselves in mirrors; and leaping on to weighing-machines in the bathroom. They spend a lifetime fighting a losing battle against spreading hips, protruding tummies and double chins. Some wage all-out war on FAT. Mere dieting is not enough. They exhaust themselves doing exercises, sweating in sauna baths, being pummeled and massaged by weird machines. The really wealthy diet-mongers pay vast
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sums for health cures. For two weeks they can enter a nature clinic and be starved to death for a hundred guineas a week. Dont think its only the middle-aged who go in for these fads either. Many of these bright young things you see are suffering from chronic malnutrition: they are living on nothing but air, water and the goodwill of God. Dieters undertake to starve themselves of their own free will; so why are they so miserable? Well, for one thing, theyre always hungry. You cant be hungry and happy at the same time. All the horrible concoctions they eat instead of food leave them permanently dissatisfied. Wonderfood is a complete food, the advertisement says. Just dissolve a teaspoonful in water. A complete food it may be, but not quite as complete as a juicy steak. And, of course, theyre always miserable because they feel so guilty. Hunger just proves too much for them and in the end they lash out and devour five huge guilt-inducing cream cakes at a sitting. And who can blame them? At least three times a day they are exposed to temptation. What utter torture it is always watching others tucking into piles of mouth-watering food while you munch a water biscuit and sip unsweetened lemon juice! Whats all this self-inflicted torture for? Saintly people deprive themselves of food to attain a state of grace. Unsaintly people do so to attain a state of misery. It will be a great day when all the dieters in the world abandon their slimming courses; when they hold out their plates and demand second helpings! 1. The best title for this passage is [A] On Fat. [B] We Should All Grow Fat and Be Happy. [C] Many Diseases Are Connected with Fat. [D] Diet Deprives People of Normal Life. 2. Why do they never see each other again? [A] Because it is a memorable evening. [B] Because she lets him eat as much fattening food as he wants. [C] Because she does not eat this and drink that. [D] Because eating fattening food is the surest way to an early grave. 3. Which of the following ways is NOT mentioned for diet? [A] Doing exercises. [B] Not eating sugar. [C] Not eating fat. [D] Taking sauna baths. 4. What is the authors attitude toward diet? [A] Persuasive. [B] Critical. [C] Indifferent. [D] Adversative. Vocabulary 1. ethereal 2. sour 3. tummy 4. protrude 5. wage

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6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.
all-out sauna bath pummel = pommel massage weird monger fad concoction wonderfood lash out at a/one sitting munch inflict slim
1. B A. C. D. 2. D D A. B. C. 3. B A. C.D. 4. B
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A. C.D.
Passage Thirteen (The Neutrality of American in the Early World War II)
The establishment of the Third Reich influenced events in American history by starting a chain of events which culminated in war between Germany and the United States. The compete destruction of democracy, the persecution of Jews, the war on religion, the cruelty and barbarism of the Nazis, and especially the plans of Germany and her allies, Italy and Japan, for world conquest caused great indignation in this country and brought on fear of another world war. While speaking out against Hitlers atrocities, the American people generally favored isolationist policies and neutrality. The Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1936 prohibited trade with any belligerents or loans to them. In 1937 the President was empowered to declare an arms embargo in wars between nations at his discretion. American opinion began to change somewhat after President Roosevelts quarantine the aggressor speech at Chicago (1937) in which he severely criticized Hitlers policies. Germanys seizure of Austria and the Munich Pact for the partition of Czechoslovakia (1938) also aroused the American people. The conquest of Czechoslovakia in March, 1939 was another rude awakening to the menace of the Third Reich. In August,1939 came the shock of the Nazi-soviet Pact and in September the attack on Poland and the outbreak of European war. The United States attempted to maintain neutrality in spite of sympathy for the democracies arrayed against the Third Reich. The Neutrality Act of 1939 repealed the arms embargo and permitted cash and carry exports of arms to belligerent nations. A strong national defense program was begun. A draft act was passed (1940) to strengthen the military services. A Lend Act (1941) authorized the President to sell, exchange, or lend materials to any country deemed necessary by him for the defense of the United States. Help was given to Britain by exchanging certain overage destroyers for the right to establish American bases in British territory in the Western Hemisphere. In August, 1940 President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met and issued the Atlantic Charter which proclaimed the kind of a world which should be established after the war. In December, 1941, Japan launched the unprovoked attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor. Immediately thereafter, Germany declared war on the United States. 1. One item occurring before 1937 that the author does not mention in his list of actions that alienated the American public was [A] the burning of the Reichstag. [B] German plans for conquest. [C] Nazi barbarism. [D] the persecution of religious groups. 2. The Lend-Lease Act was designed to [A] help the British. [B] strengthen the national defense of the United States. [C] promote the Atlantic Charter. [D] avenge Pearl Harbor.
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3. American Policy during the years 1935-1936 may be described as being [A] watchful. [B] isolationist. [C] peaceful. [D] indifferent. 4. The Neutrality Act of 1939 [A] permitted the selling of arms to belligerent nations. [B] antagonized Japan. [C] permitted the British to trade only with the Allies. [D] led to Lend-Lease Act. 5. We entered the war against Germany [A] because Germany declared war. [B] because Japan was an ally of Germany. [C] after Germany had signed the Nazi-soviet Pact. [D] after peaceful efforts had failed. Vocabulary 1. Reich 2. atrocity 3. belligerent 4. discretion 5. empower 6. embargo 7. quarantine 8. partition 9. menace 10. repeal 11. overage destroyer 12. unprovoked 13. Neutrality Acts 14. Munich Pact 15. draft act 16. Lend Lease Act 17. Atlantic Charter 18. Pearl Harbor
1. A B. C. D.
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2.
3.
4.
5.
B 1941 A. C. 1941 8 D. 1941 B 1933 1936 A. C. D. A 1939 B. C. D. A 1941
Passage Fourteen(Antarctica and Environment)

Antarctica has actually become a kind of space station a unique observation post for detecting important changes in the worlds environment. Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere, Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world. Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early-warning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north. One promising field of investigation is glaciology. Scholars from the United States, Switzerland, and France are pursuing seven separate but related projects that reflect their concern for the health of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet a concern they believe the world at large should share. The Transantarctic Mountain, some of them more than 14,000 feet high, divide the continent into two very different regions. The part of the continent to the east of the mountains is a high plateau covered by an ice sheet nearly two miles thick. West of the mountain, the half of the continent south of the Americas is also covered by an ice sheet, but there the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea level. If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared, the western part of the continent would be reduced to a sparse cluster of island. While ice and snow are obviously central to many environmental experiments, others focus on the mysterious dry valley of Antarctica, valleys that contain little ice or snow even in the depths of winter. Slashed through the mountains of southern Victoria Land, these valleys once held enormous glaciers that descended 9,000 feet from the polar plateau to the Ross Sea. Now the glaciers are gone, perhaps a casualty of the global warming trend during the 10,000 years since the ice age. Even the snow that falls in the dry valleys is blasted out by vicious winds that roars down from the polar plateau to the sea. Left bare are spectacular gorges, rippled fields of sand dunes, clusters of boulders sculptured into fantastic shapes by 100-mile-an-hour winds, and an aura of extraterrestrial desolation. Despite the unearthly aspect of the dry valleys, some scientists believe they may carry a message of hope of the verdant parts of the earth. Some scientists believe that in some cases the dry valleys may soak up pollutants faster than pollutants enter them.
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1. What is the best title for this passage? [A] Antarctica and environmental Problems. [B] Antarctica: Earths Early-Warning station. [C] Antarctica: a Unique Observation Post. [D] Antarctica: a Mysterious Place. 2. What would the result be if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared? [A] The western part of the continent would be disappeared. [B] The western part of the continent would be reduced. [C] The western part of the continent would become scattered Islands. [D] The western part of the continent would be reduced to a cluster of Islands. 3. Why are the Dry Valleys left bare? [A] Vicious wind blasts the snow away. [B] It rarely snows. [C] Because of the global warming trend and fierce wind. [D] Sand dunes. 4. Which of the following is true? [A] The Dry Valleys have nothing left inside. [B] The Dry Valleys never held glaciers. [C] The Dry Valleys may carry a message of hope for the verdant. [D] The Dry Valleys are useless to scientists. Vocabulary 1. distant-early-warning sensor 2. plateau 3. slash 4. blast 5. vicious 6. gorge 7. ripple 8. sand dune 9. verdant 10. extraterrestrial 11. aura
1. Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early waning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north. see as Where Antarctic 2. The part of the continent to the east of the mountain 3. an aura of extraterrestrial desolation
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1. A B. C. D. 2. D A. B. D. 3. C 9000 A. B. D. 4. C A.B. D.
Passage Fifteen (Contribution of Coeducation)

Imagining being asked to spend twelve or so years of your life in a society which consisted only of members of own sex. How would you react? Unless there was something definitely wrong with you, you wouldnt be too happy about it, to say the least. It is all the more surprising therefore that so many parents in the world choose to impose such abnormal conditions on their children conditions which they themselves wouldnt put up with for one minute! Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education. Stuffing childrens heads full of knowledge is far from being foremost among them. One of the chief aims of educations is to equip future citizens with all they require to take their place in adult society. Now adult society is made up of men and women, so how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock. A co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature. Boys and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of academic ability, athletic achievement and many of the extra-curricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical advantage it is ( to give just a small example ) to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense co-education makes of the argument that boys are cleverer than girl or vice-versa. When segregated, boys and girls are made to feel
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that they are a race apart. Rivalry between the sexes is fostered. In a coeducational school, everything falls into its proper place. But perhaps the greatest contribution of co-education is the healthy attitude to life it encourages. Boys dont grow up believing that women are mysterious creatures airy goddesses, more like book-illustrations to a fairy-tale, than human beings. Girls dont grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes. Years of living together at school dispel illusions of this kind. There are no goddesses with freckles, pigtails, piercing voices and inky fingers. There are no romantic heroes with knobbly knees, dirty fingernails and unkempt hair. The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up. These can better be overcome in a co-educational environment. Segregated schools sometimes provide the right conditions for sexual deviation. This is hardly possible under a co-educational system. When the time comes for the pupils to leave school, they are fully prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults. They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women. 1. What is the best title for this passage? [A] only co-education can be in harmony with society. [B] people are in great need of co-education. [C] any form of education other than co-education is simply unthinkable. [D] co-education has many features. 2. what does co-education offer to children? [A] A society. [B] A true small model of society. [C] A real life. [D] True version of social condition. 3. According to the passage, what is one of the chief aims of education? [A] It is for students to acquire knowledge. [B] It is to equip future citizens with scientific technology. [C] It is to equip future citizens with what is required in getting a position in society. [D] It is for students to get academic achievements. 4. Why do boys and girls in co-education have no illusion about each other? [A] They live together and know each other too well. [B] Years of living together at school dismiss such illusion. [C] co-education encourage them to have an healthy attitude toward life. [D] They are familiar with each others problems. Vocabulary 1. to be in for = receive He is in for punishment. 2. miniature 3. freckle 4. pigtail 5. knobbly = knobby 6. unkempt 7. sharp focus = clear view
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bring into focus bring into sharp focus 8. deviation 1. all the more 2. a co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature. 3. The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up. 1. C 12 C A. D. B. 2. B A. C. D. B 3. C A. B. C. 4. B , A. C. D.
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Passage Sixteen (Mules)

Although the top men in smuggling business must work together, most of a syndicates small fry, especially the mules, know only their immediate contacts. If caught there is little they can give away. A mule probably will not even know the name of the person who gives him his instructions, nor how to get in touch with him. Usually he even does not know the person to whom he has to make delivery. He will be told just to sit tight in a certain hotel or bar until someone contacts him. In this way if he is blown, coming through airport customs he cannot unwittingly lead agents to the next link in the chain. All the persons at the receiving end do is to hang around the airport among the waiting crowd, and see that the mule comes through safely. If he does not, he is dimply written off as a loss. To make identification of mules easier, several syndicates have devised their own club ties so that a mule wearing one can immediately be picked out. Mules often receive careful training before embarking on their first journey. One Beirut organization, for example, uses a room with three airline seats in it. There the trainee mules sit for hours on end wearing weighted smuggling vests beneath their clothes, so that they become accustomed to standing up after a long flight in a natural way, and without revealing what they are carrying. An outfit in Brussels maintained a comfortable apartment where the mules could relax and get a firm grip on themselves on the night before their first journey; they were helped to dress before setting out for the airport in the morning. More often than not a courier will not know precisely where he is going or what flight number is until he is actually handed his tickets at the airport. This prevents the careless boast in some bar or to a girl friend the night before. Mules occasionally run off with the goods to keep the profit themselves. As insurance against this, a syndicate often sends a high-up on the same plane to keep a wary eye on couriers, particularly new ones. Even then things can go badly wrong. One international currency smuggler who was having trouble getting money out of Britain was offered help by a group of men who said they were in a position to fix thing for a fee of course. Foolishly, the smuggler agreed to accept their help. When he got to Londons Heathrow Airport, he handed over to one of the men a black suitcase containing nearly $90,000 in cash, destined for Frankfurt. Just to keep an eye on things, the smuggler went along on the same plane. When they landed at Frankfurt he was handed back his suitcase. He beat a straight path to the mens toilet, opened the case, and found only old clothes. The courier had switched suitcase en route, but the smuggler could hardly run to the police and complain that the man who was smuggling money out of England for me has stolen it. 1. What is a mule? [A] A person who sends smuggling goods for a syndicate is called mule. [B] A person in charge of smuggling goods is called mule. [C] A person who makes delivery for a syndicate is called mule. [D] A person who receives instructions from a smuggler is called mule. 2. The sentence if he is blown in line (6) is closest in meaning to [A] if he is arrested. [B] if he is recognized, but not necessarily arrested. [C] if he is recognized and arrested. [D] if he runs away. 3. Why does the author give an example in the last paragraph?
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[A] To show how a smuggler is caught. [B] To show a smuggler is afraid of the police. [C] To show to keep a wary eye on couriers is useless. [D] To show mules may keep the profit for themselves. 4. how does a mule work? [A] Jointly. [B] Independently. [C] consciously. [D] Separately. Vocabulary 1. fry 2. sit tight 3. blown 4. write off 5. written off as a loss 6. embark (on) 7. grip 8. high up 9. fix thing 10. beat 11. switch
small fry
1. In this way if he is blown, coming through airport customs he cannot unwittingly lead agents to the next link in the chain. 2. There the trainee mules sit for hours on end wearing weighted smuggling vests beneath their clothes, so that they become accustomed to standing up after a long flight in a natural way, and without revealing what they are carrying. wearing trainee and what they are carrying with(without) +v-ing+object 3. An outfit in Brussels maintained a comfortable apartment where the mules could relax and get a firm grip on themselves on the night before their first journey; they were helped to dress before setting out for the airport in the morning. Where apartment and
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1. C mule A. B. D. 2. B blown A.C.D. blown 3. D 9 A. B. C. 4. D A.B.C.
Passage Seventeen (On the Presidents Program)

President Arling has put his long awaited economic restructuring program before the Congress. It provides a coordinated program of investment credits, research grants, education reforms, and tax changes designed to make American industry more competitive. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years. The most liberal wing of the Presidents party has called for stronger and more direct action. They want an incomes policy to check inflation while federal financing helps rebuild industry behind a wall of protective tariffs. The Republicans, however, decry even the modest, graduated tax increases in the Presidents program. They want tax cuts and more open market. They say if federal money has to be injected into the economy, let it through defence spending. Both these alternatives ignore the unique nature of the economic problem before us. It is not simply a matter of markets or financing. The new technology allows vastly increased production for those able to master it. But it also threatens those who fail to adopt it with permanent second-class citizenship in the world economy. If an industry cannot lever itself up to the leading stage of technological advances, then it will not be able to compete effectively. If it cannot do this, no amount of government protectionism or access to foreign markets can keep it profitable for long. Without the profits and experience of
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technological excellence to reinvest, that industry can only fall still further behind its foreign competitors. So the crux is the technology and that is where the Presidents program focused. The danger is not that a plan will not be passed, it is that the ideologues of right and left will distort the bill with amendments that will blur its focus on technology. The economic restructuring plan should be passed intact. If we fail to restructure our economy now, we may not get a second chance. 1. The focus of the Presidents program is on [A] investment. [B] economy. [C] technology. [D] tax. 2. What is the requirement of the most liberal wing of the Democratic-party? [A] They want a more direct action. [B] They want an incomes policy to check inflation. [C] They want to rebuild industry. [D] They want a wall of protective tariffs. 3. What is the editors attitude? [A] support. [B] distaste. [C] Disapproval. [D] Compromise. 4. The danger to the plan lies in [A] the two parties objection. [B] different idea of the two parties about the plan. [C] its passage. [D] distortion. 5. The passage is [A] a review. [B] a preface. [C] a advertisement. [D] an editorial.
Vocabulary 1. reverse 2. slide 3. plague 4. tariff 5. decry 6. lever 7. crux 8. ideologue 9. intact 10. investment credit

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11. research grant
1. This is necessary to reverse the economic slide into unemployment, lack of growth, and trade deficits that have plagued the economy for the past six years. 6 1. C A.D.B. 2. A B. C. D. 3. A B.C.D. 4. D A.B.C. 5. D A. B. C.
Passage Eighteen (Strictly Ban smoking)

If you smoke and you still dont believe that theres a definite link between smoking and bronchial troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. No one will accuse you of hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case of wishful thinking. This neednt make
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you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is raised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and smell no evil. Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures. In Britain for instance, cigarette advertising has been banned on television. The conscience of the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff its way to smoky, cancerous death. You dont have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been so lukewarm. The answer is simply money. Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. Its almost like a tax on our daily bread. In tax revenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities. So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may, conceivable, be harmful, it doesnt do to shout too loudly about it. This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. Enormous amounts are spent on cancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives are lost. In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether. Of course, we are not ready for such a drastic action. But if the governments of the world were honestly concerned about the welfare of their peoples, youd think theyd conduct aggressive anti-smoking campaigns. Far from it! The tobacco industry is allowed to spend staggering sums on advertising. Its advertising is as insidious as it is dishonest. We are never shown pictures of real smokers coughing up their lungs early in the morning. That would never do. The advertisement always depict virile, clean-shaven young men. They suggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy! Smoking is associated with the great open-air life, with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utter nonsense! For a start, governments could begin by banning all cigarette and tobacco advertising and should then conduct anti-smoking advertising campaigns of their own. Smoking should be banned in all public places like theatres, cinemas and restaurants. Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dire consequences of taking up the habit. A horrific warning say, a picture of a deaths head should be included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold. As individuals, we are certainly weak, but if governments acted honestly and courageously, they could protect us from ourselves. 1. Why do a few governments take timid measures toward smoking? [A] because they are afraid of people. [B] Because diseases cost a lot. [C] Because they are afraid of the cutting down of their revenue. [D] Because they are afraid of manufacturers. 2. The tone of this passage is [A] critical. [B] ironical. [C] distaste. [D] amusing. 3. What does the sentence because you are in good company mean? [A] you are backed by the government. [B] You are not alone. [C] You have good colleagues. [D] Governments are blind to evils of smoking too.
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4. What is the best title of this passage? [A] World Governments should conduct serious campaigns against smoking. [B] World governments take timid measures against smoking. [C] smoking is the most important source of income to many countries. [D] tobacco industry spends a large sum of money on medical research. Vocabulary 1. a wishful thinking 2. puff puff its way to 3. lukewarm / 4. insidious 5. virile 1. C A. D. B. 2. B A. C.D. 3. D A. B. C. 4. A B. C. D.
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Passage Nineteen (TVs Harmfulness)

Yes, but what did we use to do before there was television? How often we hear statements like this! Television hasnt been with us all that long, but we are already beginning to forget what the world was like without it. Before we admitted the one-eyed monster into our homes, we never fond it difficult to occupy our spare time. We used to enjoy civilized pleasures. For instance, we used to have hobbies, we used to entertain our friends and be entertained by them, we used to go outside for our amusements to theatres, cinemas, restaurants and sporting events. We even used to read books and listen to music and broadcast talks occasionally. All that belongs to the past. Now all our free time is regulated by the goggle box. We rush home or gulp down our meals to be in time for this or that programme. We have even given up sitting at table and having a leisurely evening meal, exchanging the news of the day. A sandwich and a glass of beer will do anything, providing it doesnt interfere with the programme. The monster demands and obtains absolute silence and attention. If any member of the family dares to open his mouth during a programme, he is quickly silenced. Whole generations are growing up addicted to the telly. Food is left uneaten, homework undone and sleep is lost. The telly is a universal pacifier. It is now standard practice for mother to keep the children quiet by putting them in the living-room and turning on the set. It doesnt matter that the children will watch rubbishy commercials or spectacles of sadism and violence so long as they are quiet. There is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the world. Every day, television consumes vast quantities of creative work. That is why most of the programmes are so bad: it is impossible to keep pace with the demand and maintain high standards as well. When millions watch the same programmes, the whole world becomes a village, and society is reduced to the conditions which obtain in preliterate communities. We become utterly dependent on the two most primitive media of communication: pictures and the spoken word. Television encourages passive enjoyment. We become content with second-hand experiences. It is so easy to sit in our armchairs watching others working. Little by little, television cuts us off from the real world. We get so lazy, we choose to spend a fine day in semi-darkness, glued to our sets, rather than go out into the world itself. Television may be s splendid medium of communication, but it prevents us from communicating with each other. We only become aware how totally irrelevant television is to real living when we spend a holiday by the sea or in the mountains, far away from civilization. In quiet, natural surroundings, we quickly discover how little we miss the hypnotic tyranny of King Telly. 1. What is the biggest harm of TV? [A] It deprives people of communication with the real world. [B] People become lazy. [C] People become dependent on second-hand experience. [D] TV consumes a large part of ones life. 2. In what way can people forget TV? [A] Far away from civilization. [B] To a mountain. [C] By the sea. [D] In quiet natural surroundings. 3. What does a mother usually do to keep her children quiet?
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[A] Let them watch the set. [B] Put them in the living room. [C] Let them watch the rubbish. [D] Let them alone. 4. What does the first sentence in the first paragraph mean? [A] We found it difficult to occupy our spare time. [B] We become addicted to TV. [C] What we used to do is different from now. [D] We used to enjoy civilized pleasures. Vocabulary 1. goggle goggle box 2. gulp 3. telly 4. pacifier 5. rubbishy 6. sadism 7. glue glue to the sets 8. hypnotic 1. There is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the world. 1. A B. C. D. 2. D A. B.C.
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3. A B.C.D. 4. B B A. C. D.
Passage Twenty (The Law to Keep the Oil Industry under Control)
The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems, and few people believe that the Government will be able to hold things back for long. As on Norwegian politician said last week: We will soon be changed beyond all recognition. Ever since the war, the Government has been carrying out a programme of development in the area north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years this programme has had a great deal of success: Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university, a large hospital and a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south, and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins. The effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north, however. With nearly 100 percent employment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry. Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad. The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population, but they are an important part of it, because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian. And it is the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oil industry because of the damage that it might cause to the countryside and to the sea. 1. The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to [A] provide more jobs for foreign workers. [B] slow down the rate of its development. [C] sell the oil it is producing abroad. [D] develop more quickly than at present. 2. The Norwegian Government has tried to [A] encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources. [B] prevent oil companies employing people from northern Norway. [C] help the oil companies solve many of their problems. [D] keep the oil industry to something near its present size. 3. According to the passage, the oil industry might lead northern Norway to
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[A] the development of industry. [B] a growth in population. [C] the failure of the development programme. [D] the development of new towns. 4. In the south, one effect to the development of the oil industry might be [A] a large reduction on unemployment. [B] a growth in the tourist industry. [C] a reduction in the number of existing industries. [D] the development of a number of service industries. 5. Norwegian farmers and fishermen have an important influence because [A] they form such a large part of Norwegian ideal. [B] their lives and values represent the Norwegian ideal. [C] their work is so useful to the rest of Norwegian society. [D] they regard oil as a threat to the Norwegian way of life. Vocabulary 1. Norwegian 2. coastline 3. recognition 4. countryside
1. A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers. 2. With nearly 100 percent employment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry. 3. Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population, but they are an important part of it, because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian. because that qualities
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1. B A. C.D. 2. D A. B. C. 3. C A.B.D. 4. C A.B.D. 5. B A.C.D.
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英语100篇精读荟萃（基础篇）

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英语100篇精读荟萃（基础篇）

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Passage oneThe only way to travel is on foot

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Passage two (Vicious and Dangerous Sports Should be Banned by Law)

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bear-baiting bull-fight batter pulp burst into flames grim coop up

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Passage three(Advertisers Perform a Useful Service to the Community)

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Vocabulary 1. come in for ( sth. ) 2. flair

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iniquitous drab subsist hatch match dispatch agony agony column

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Passage five(Meditation in Indonesian Business)

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15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.

1. C A. B. D. 2. A B. Wali Ullah Wali Ullah C. D. Wali Ullah 1835-1919 3. B Hadisiko

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A. C. D. Hadisike 4. B A. C. D. Wali Ullah 5. B 300 B A. C. D.

Passage six(Dropouts for Ph. D. s)

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1. A. B. C. D. 2. D. 31 A. 2 20000 7000 15000 78 50 B. C. 3. C. 75

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Passage seven(Stricter Traffic Law can Prevent Accidents)

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Passage Eight(The Development of Cities)

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1. D A. B. C. 2. C 1850 2 10 1890 1920 250000 550000 A. D. B. 3. C A. B. D. 4. C

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Passage Nine(Holmes Knowledge)

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Passage ten(Antinuclear Demonstration)

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stage break up cordon nuke defy canister dislodge charge trespass

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Passage Eleven (Superconducting Materials)

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Passage Twelve (We Should All Grow Fat and Be Happy)

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B 1941 A. C. 1941 8 D. 1941 B 1933 1936 A. C. D. A 1939 B. C. D. A 1941

Passage Fourteen(Antarctica and Environment)

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Passage Fifteen (Contribution of Coeducation)