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PythonPolymorphism

Polymorphism in Python allows methods, functions, or operators to be executed on different objects or classes with the same name. Examples include the len() function working on strings, tuples, and dictionaries, as well as class methods like move() in different classes such as Car, Boat, and Plane. Inheritance also supports polymorphism, enabling child classes to override methods from a parent class while maintaining the same method name.

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3 views

PythonPolymorphism

Polymorphism in Python allows methods, functions, or operators to be executed on different objects or classes with the same name. Examples include the len() function working on strings, tuples, and dictionaries, as well as class methods like move() in different classes such as Car, Boat, and Plane. Inheritance also supports polymorphism, enabling child classes to override methods from a parent class while maintaining the same method name.

Uploaded by

pranayaws15
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PythonPolymorphism

The word "polymorphism" means "many forms", and in programming it


refers to methods/functions/operators with the same name that can be
executed on many objects or classes.

Function Polymorphism
An example of a Python function that can be used on different objects is
the len() function.

String
For strings len() returns the number of characters:

Example
x = "Hello World!"

print(len(x))

Tuple
For tuples len() returns the number of items in the tuple:

Example
mytuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")

print(len(mytuple))

Dictionary
For dictionaries len() returns the number of key/value pairs in the dictionary:

Example
thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}

print(len(thisdict))

Class Polymorphism
Polymorphism is often used in Class methods, where we can have multiple
classes with the same method name.

For example, say we have three classes: Car, Boat, and Plane, and they all have
a method called move():

Example
Different classes with the same method:

class Car:
def __init__(self, brand, model):
self.brand = brand
self.model = model

def move(self):
print("Drive!")

class Boat:
def __init__(self, brand, model):
self.brand = brand
self.model = model

def move(self):
print("Sail!")

class Plane:
def __init__(self, brand, model):
self.brand = brand
self.model = model

def move(self):
print("Fly!")
car1 = Car("Ford", "Mustang") #Create a Car object
boat1 = Boat("Ibiza", "Touring 20") #Create a Boat object
plane1 = Plane("Boeing", "747") #Create a Plane object

for x in (car1, boat1, plane1):


x.move()

Look at the for loop at the end. Because of polymorphism we can execute the
same method for all three classes.

Inheritance Class Polymorphism


What about classes with child classes with the same name? Can we use
polymorphism there?

Yes. If we use the example above and make a parent class called Vehicle, and
make Car, Boat, Plane child classes of Vehicle, the child classes inherits
the Vehicle methods, but can override them:

Example
Create a class called Vehicle and make Car, Boat, Plane child classes of Vehicle:

class Vehicle:
def __init__(self, brand, model):
self.brand = brand
self.model = model

def move(self):
print("Move!")

class Car(Vehicle):
pass

class Boat(Vehicle):
def move(self):
print("Sail!")

class Plane(Vehicle):
def move(self):
print("Fly!")

car1 = Car("Ford", "Mustang") #Create a Car object


boat1 = Boat("Ibiza", "Touring 20") #Create a Boat object
plane1 = Plane("Boeing", "747") #Create a Plane object

for x in (car1, boat1, plane1):


print(x.brand)
print(x.model)
x.move()

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