RELATIONS &

FUNCTIONS
CHAPTER 6 MS. ZARINA R. JAMERO
LESSON OUTLINE
What are relations?

What are functions?

Presenting functions as tables and graphs

The Vertical Line Test

LET'S RECALL
AND ANALYZE!
y
12

10

Do you still remember how to fill in the 8

table of values based on a given graph? 6

4
Complete the table of values below.
2

x
x 2 4 6 8 8
2 4 6 8 10 12

y 2 4 6 8 10
WHAT ARE
RELATIONS? A relation is a set of ordered pairs
that represent a relationship.

Example:
Names and their age are a
set of ordered pairs that we Name Alex Jude Arlo Casey
could put into a table.
Age 9 12 11 11
DOMAIN The elements in the first set where the
arrows come from are called domain.

AND RANGE While the elements of the second set

where the arrows end is called range.

This is an
example of
Domain and the
Range?
DOMAIN RANGE
(x) (y)
 RELATION as MAPPING
A relation from
A to B, written
as A→B, can be
classified as:
 TYPES OF RELATION AS MAPPING

A relation from
A to B, written
as A→B, can be
classified as:
Example:

ANSWER:
ONE-TO-ONE
Example:

ANSWER:
MANY-TO-ONE
Example:

ANSWER:
ONE-TO-MANY
Example:

ANSWER:
MANY-TO-MANY
 RELATION as TABLE OF VALUES
A table can also present a relationship between two variables
Mr. Reyes is a dealer of poultry eggs. The table shows the cost for each number of
trays. The no. of trays of eggs (x) and cost in pesos (y) are presented horizontally
and vertically
 RELATION as ORDERED PAIRS (x , y)
The elements in the first set correspond to the DOMAIN or the
set of all the x-coordinates while the elements in the second set
correspond to the RANGE or set of all the y-coordinates of the
same set.
Mr. Reyes is a dealer of poultry eggs. The table shows the cost for each number of
trays. The no. of trays of eggs (x) and cost in pesos (y), the following ordered pairs
were derived from the relationship between the number of trays and the total cost
(no. of trays, total cost)

(1,210), (2,420), (3,630),

(4,840), (5,1050)
WHAT IS A FUNCTION?
• A function is a special type of
relation where each input only has
ONE output.
• Functions are a way of connecting
input values to their corresponding
output values.
• The relation is a function if, for every
x-value, there is exactly ONE y-
value.
 WHAT IS A FUNCTION?
Functions are a way of connecting input
values to their corresponding output values.

Example:
Ordering a coffee for ₱135

Pay ₱135, and you get 1 coffee.

Pay ₱270, and you'll get 2 coffees, and
so on.

The input affects the output in a predictable way.

 EXAMPLE
Determine which of the following sets of ordered
pairs is a function.
A= {(3, 5), (2, 7), (4, 6), (-3, -5)}
B= {(0, 1), (-1, 2), (0, 3), (-2, 4), (-1, 5)}
C= {(-1, 2), (-2, 16), (-3, -54), (1, -2), (2, -16), (3, 2),
(3,54)}
The set of ordered pairs represents a function if no two distinct
ordered pairs have the same abscissas (first elements).
A= {(3, 5), (2, 7), (4, 6), (-3, -5)}
3 5
2 7
4 6
-3 -5
ONE-TO-ONE
FUNCTION
B= {(0, 1), (-1, 2), (0, 3), (-2, 4), (-1, 5)}

1
0 2
-1 3
-2 4
ONE-TO-MANY 5
NOT
FUNCTION
C= {(-1, 2), (-2, 16), (-3, -54), (1, -2),
(2, -16), (3, 2), (3,54)}
-1 -2
-2 -16
-3 -54
1 2
2 16
3 54
ONE-TO-MANY
NOT
FUNCTION
VERTICAL 5

LINE TEST 3

Use the vertical line test to check -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5

whether a graph of a relation is a -1

function. -
2
-
3
If a vertical line, drawn anywhere -
4
on the graph, can touch the graph -
5
only once, then it is a function.
VERTICAL 5

LINE TEST 3

If a vertical line, drawn anywhere -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5

on the graph, can touch the graph -1

more than once, then the relation -

2
-
is not a function. 3
-
4
-
5
VERTICAL
LINE TEST 5

3
If a vertical line, drawn anywhere 2

on the graph, can touch the graph 1

more than once, then the relation

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
is not a function. -1

-
2
-
3
-
4
-
5
VERTICAL
LINE TEST 5

If a vertical line, drawn anywhere 2

on the graph, can touch the graph 1

only once, then it is a function.

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5
-1

-
2
-
3
-
4
-
5
SEATWORK #1
On your book,
answer page no.
207-208, letters B,
C and D. (15 points)
 WHAT IS A FUNCTION
NOTATION?
The function notation 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥), which
is read as “𝑦 equals 𝑓 of 𝑥” or 𝑦 is a
function of 𝑥” is used to denote a
functional relationship between 𝑥 and
𝑦 variables.
 HOW TO WRITE
FUNCTION NOTATION?
If there is a rule relating y to x such as 𝑦= 5𝑥 +
2, write this in function notation
𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 + 2.
𝑓(𝑥) represents the value of the function at 𝑥.
The name of the function is 𝑓.
 HOW TO SOLVE
FUNCTION NOTATION?
To find f(x) for a given value
of x is to evaluate the
function f by substituting the
value of x into the equation.
 EXAMPLE
Given the function, 𝑓(𝑥) = −2𝑥 + 1. Find 𝑓(3) and 𝑓(−3).
 EXAMPLE
2
Given the function, 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 3. Find 𝑓(−1) and
𝑓(−3).
Solution: Solution:
a. 𝑓(−1) b. 𝑓(−3)
2 2
𝑓 −1 = 2𝑥 − 3 𝑓 −3 = 2𝑥 − 3
2 2
𝑓 −1 = 2(−1) −3 𝑓 −3 = 2(−3) −3
𝑓 −1 = 2(1) − 3 𝑓 −3 = 2(9) − 3
𝑓 −1 = 2 − 3 𝑓 −3 = 18 − 3
𝒇 −𝟏 = −𝟏 𝒇 −𝟑 = 𝟏𝟓
 SEATWORK #2
Write your answers on 1 whole sheet
of paper. (20 points)
1. Given the function, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3. Find
𝑓(−1) and 𝑓(−3).
2. Given the function, 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 7. Find
𝑓(5) and 𝑓(−8).
3. Given the function, 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 2 − 9. Find
𝑓(−4) and 𝑓(3).
4. Given the function, 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 + 6. Find
𝑓(2) and 𝑓(4).
5. Given the function, 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 15. Find
𝑓(−9) and 𝑓(0).