ECE/ Math 2117 (MHU) 1

Lecture: 8-10: Vector Integration

 Surface Integrals ∬ 𝐴⃗ • 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 = ∬ 𝐴⃗ • 𝑛 | • |
= ∬ 𝐴⃗ • 𝑛 | • ̂|
= ∬ 𝐴⃗ • 𝑛 | • ̂|
where, SSurface, 𝐴⃗ Vector function, 𝑛 Unit normal vector.

Divergence Theorem: ∬ 𝐹⃗ • 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 = ∭ 𝛻 • 𝐹⃗ 𝑑𝑣 where the surface is bounded.

Question-1: Evaluate ∬ 𝐴⃗ • 𝑛 𝑑𝑠, where 𝐴⃗ = 18𝑧𝚤̂ − 12𝚥̂ + 3𝑦𝑘 and S is that part of the plane
2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 12 which is located in the first octant.

Solution: Given that the equation of the surface 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 12

Normal to the surface, 2 x  3 y  6 z  12  𝚤̂ + 𝚥̂ + 𝑘 (2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 6𝑧 − 12) = 2𝚤̂ + 3𝚥̂ + 6𝑘

̂ ̂
So, unit normal =𝑛 = = 2𝚤̂ + 3𝚥̂ + 6𝑘
√

We know, ∬ 𝐴⃗ • 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 = ∬ 𝐴⃗ • 𝑛 •

= ∬ 18𝑧𝚤̂ − 12𝚥̂ + 3𝑦𝑘 • 2𝚤̂ + 3𝚥̂ + 6𝑘

•

=∬
/

= ∬ (3𝑦 + 6𝑧 − 6) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 ∵ 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 12 𝑜𝑟, 6𝑧 = 12 − 2𝑥 − 3𝑦

= ∬ (3𝑦 + 12 − 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 6) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
( )/
=∫ ∫ (6 − 2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 ∵ 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 12 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦 = (12 − 2𝑥)/3 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑧 = 0
( )/
=∫ [(6 − 2𝑥)𝑦] 𝑑𝑥 ∵ 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 6𝑧 = 12 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 6 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑧 = 0, 𝑦 = 0

= ∫ (𝑥 − 9𝑥 + 18)𝑑𝑥

= − + 18𝑥

= × 18 = 24 Ans.

Question-2: Evaluate ∬ 𝐴⃗ • 𝑛 𝑑𝑠, where 𝐴⃗ = 𝑧𝚤̂ + 𝑥𝚥̂ − 3𝑦 𝑧𝑘 and S is the surface of the cylinder
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 16 included in the first octant between𝑧 = 0 and 𝑧 = 5.

Solution: Given that the equation of the surface 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 16

Normal to the surface, 𝛻(𝑥 + 𝑦 − 16) = 𝚤̂ + 𝚥̂ + 𝑘 (𝑥 + 𝑦 − 16) = 2𝑥𝚤̂ + 2𝑦𝚥̂

̂ ̂ ̂ ̂ ̂ ̂ ̂ ̂
So, unit normal =𝑛 = = = =
√

We know, ∬ 𝐴⃗ • 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 = ∬ 𝐴⃗ • 𝑛 | • ̂|
̂ ̂
= ∬ 𝑧𝚤̂ + 𝑥𝚥̂ − 3𝑦 𝑧𝑘 • | • ̂|
ECE/ Math 2117 (MHU) 2

( )
=∬
/

=∫ ∫ (𝑦 + 𝑧) 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧 ∵ 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 16 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑦=4 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥=0

=∫ 𝑦𝑧 + 𝑑𝑦

=∫ 5𝑦 + 𝑑𝑦

= +

× ×
= + = 40 + 50 = 90 Ans.

H.W. Question-3: Evaluate ∬ 𝜙𝑛 𝑑𝑠 , where 𝜙 = 𝑥𝑦𝑧 and S is the surface of the cylinder 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 16

included in the first octant between𝑧 = 0 and 𝑧 = 5. Ans. 100𝚤̂ + 100𝚥̂

Question-4: If 𝐹⃗ = 𝑦𝚤̂ + (𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑧)𝚥̂ − 𝑥𝑦𝑘Evaluate ∬ 𝛻 × 𝐹⃗ • 𝑛 𝑑𝑠, where S is the surface of the sphere
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 𝑎 above the 𝑥𝑦 plane.
Solution: Given that the equation of the surface 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 𝑎


Normal to the surface,  x 2  y 2  z 2  a 2   𝚤̂ + 𝚥̂ + 𝑘 (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 − 𝑎 ) = 2𝑥𝚤̂ + 2𝑦𝚥̂ + 2𝑧𝑘
̂ ̂
So, unit normal =𝑛 = = 𝑥𝚤̂ + 𝑦𝚥̂ + 𝑧𝑘

𝚤̂ 𝚥̂ 𝑘
Now, 𝛻 × 𝐹⃗ = = 𝑥𝚤̂ + 𝑦𝚥̂ − 2𝑧𝑘
𝑦 𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑧 −𝑥𝑦
We know, ∬ 𝛻 × 𝐹⃗ • 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 = ∬ 𝛻 × 𝐹⃗ • 𝑛 •

= ∬ 𝑥𝚤̂ + 𝑦𝚥̂ − 2𝑧𝑘 • 𝑥𝚤̂ + 𝑦𝚥̂ + 𝑧𝑘

=∬ 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦

=∬ 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦

√
=∫ ∫ √
𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦

Let, 𝑥 = 𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 and 𝑦 = 𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 ∴𝑟= 𝑥 +𝑦

also we know, 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = |𝑘|𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃

( , ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 −𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
|𝑘| = = = = 𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 𝑟
( , ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃

∴ 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃

So, ∬ 𝛻 × 𝐹⃗ • 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 = ∫ ∫ 𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃
√

2
 ECE/ Math 2117 (MHU) 3

=∫ 𝜃 𝑟𝑑𝑟
√

= 2𝜋 ∫ 𝑟𝑑𝑟
√

= 2𝜋 ∫ 𝑟𝑑𝑟 − 2𝜋 ∫ 𝑟𝑑𝑟
√ √

Let, 𝑧 = 𝑎 − 𝑟 when 𝑟 = 0 then 𝑧 = 𝑎 , when 𝑟 = 𝑎 then 𝑧 = 0

∴ 𝑑𝑧 = −2𝑟𝑑𝑟 or, 𝑑𝑟 = −

3(𝑎 − 𝑧) 𝑑𝑧 2𝑎 𝑑𝑧
∴ 𝛻 × 𝐹⃗ • 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 = 2𝜋 − − 2𝜋 −
√𝑧 2 √𝑧 2

= 3𝜋 −𝑎 + − 2𝜋𝑎

= 3𝜋 −𝑎 + − 2𝜋𝑎

= 3𝜋 − 4𝜋𝑎 = 0 Ans.

Question-5: If 𝐹⃗ = 4𝑥𝑧𝚤̂ − 𝑦 𝚥̂ + 𝑦𝑧𝑘 Evaluate ∬ 𝐹⃗ • 𝑛 𝑑𝑠, where S is the surface of the cube bounded by
𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 1, 𝑧 = 0, 𝑧 = 1.
Solution: We know the Divergence theorem ∬ 𝐹⃗ • 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 = ∭ 𝛻 • 𝐹⃗ 𝑑𝑣
Given that 𝐹⃗ = 4𝑥𝑧𝚤̂ − 𝑦 𝚥̂ + 𝑦𝑧𝑘
∴ 𝛻 • 𝐹⃗ = 𝚤̂ + 𝚥̂ + 𝑘 • 4𝑥𝑧𝚤̂ − 𝑦 𝚥̂ + 𝑦𝑧𝑘 = 4𝑧 − 2𝑦 + 𝑦 = 4𝑧 − 𝑦
Now, ∬ 𝐹⃗ • 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 = ∭ 𝛻 • 𝐹⃗ 𝑑𝑣
=∫ ∫ ∫ (4𝑧 − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧
=∫ ∫ |2𝑧 − 𝑦𝑧| 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
=∫ ∫ (2 − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦

=∫ 2𝑦 − 𝑑𝑥

=∫ 𝑑𝑥 = Ans.
Question-6: Evaluate∬ 𝐴⃗ • 𝑛 𝑑𝑠, over the entire surface S of the region bounded by the cylinder
𝑥 + 𝑧 = 9, 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑧 = 0 and 𝑦 = 8 if 𝐴⃗ = 6𝑧𝚤̂ + (2𝑥 + 𝑦)𝚥̂ − 𝑥𝑘 .
Solution: We know the Divergence theorem ∬ 𝐴⃗ • 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 = ∭ 𝛻 • 𝐴⃗𝑑𝑣

Given that 𝐴⃗ = 6𝑧𝚤̂ + (2𝑥 + 𝑦)𝚥̂ − 𝑥𝑘 .

∴ 𝛻 • 𝐴⃗ = 𝚤̂ + 𝚥̂ + 𝑘 • 6𝑧𝚤̂ + (2𝑥 + 𝑦)𝚥̂ − 𝑥𝑘 = 1

Now, ∬ 𝐴⃗ • 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 = ∭ 𝛻 • 𝐴⃗𝑑𝑣
√
=∫ ∫ ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑧

=∫ ∫ |𝑧|√ 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
=∫ ∫ √9 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦
=∫ √9 − 𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥
ECE/ Math 2117 (MHU) 4

= 8∫ √9 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 Let, 𝑥 = 3 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 , ∴ 𝑑𝑥 = 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑑𝜃, when 𝑥 = 0, 3 then 𝜃 = 0, 𝜋/2

/
= 8 × 9∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
/
=8× ∫ 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
/
=8× ∫ 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑑𝜃
/
=8× 𝜃+
= 8 × × = 18𝜋 Ans.
Question-7: Find the surface area of the plane 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 12 cut off by
(a) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 1
(b) 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0 and 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 16.

Solution: We know the surface area ∬ 𝑑𝑠 = ∬

•

Given that the equation of the surface 𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 12

Normal to the surface, 𝛻(𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 − 12) = 𝚤̂ + 𝚥̂ + 𝑘 (𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 2𝑧 − 12) = 𝚤̂ + 2𝚥̂ + 2𝑘

̂ ̂ ̂ ̂
So, unit normal =𝑛 = =
√

∴𝑛•𝑘 =

Now, (a) area=∬ 𝑑𝑠 = ∬ =∫ ∫ = ∫|𝑦| 𝑑𝑥 = |𝑥| = Ans.

• /

.H.W. (b) Ans:6𝜋

H.W. Question-8: Evaluate (a) ∬ 𝛻 × 𝐹⃗ • 𝑛 𝑑𝑠 and
(b) ∬ 𝜙𝑛 𝑑𝑠 if 𝐹⃗ = (𝑥 + 2𝑦)𝚤̂ − 3𝑧𝚥̂ + 𝑥𝑘 , 𝜙 = 4𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 2𝑧
and S is the surface of 2𝑥 + 𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 6 bounded by 𝑥 = 0, 𝑥 = 1, 𝑦 = 0 and 𝑦 = 2.
Ans. (a) 1. (b) 2𝚤̂ + 𝚥̂ + 2𝑘.
H.W. Question-9: Evaluate ∬ 𝑥 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 over the region R in the 𝑥𝑦plane bounded by 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 36.
Ans. 144𝜋
H.W. Question-10: Evaluate ∭ (2𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑑𝑣 where v is the closed region bounded by the cylinder
𝑧 =4−𝑥 and the planes 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑦 = 2 and 𝑧 = 0.
Ans.
H.W. Question-11: If 𝐹⃗ = (2𝑥 − 3𝑧)𝚤̂ − 2𝑥𝑦𝚥̂ − 4𝑥𝑘 , Evaluate (a) ∭ 𝛻 • 𝐹⃗ 𝑑𝑣 and (b) ∭ 𝛻 × 𝐹⃗ 𝑑𝑣
where v is the closed region bounded by the planes 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑧 = 0 and 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 𝑧 = 4.
Ans. (a) (b) (𝚥̂ − 𝑘 ).