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MECHANICS OF FLUIDS ROORKEE

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TEST PAPER 1
 MC 404 MODEL TEST PAPER - 1

MECHANICS OF FLUIDS

Time: Three Hours

Maximum Marks: 100

Answer five questions, taking ANY TWO from Group A, any two from Group B and all from
Group C.
All parts of a question (a, b, etc. ) should be answered at one place.
Answer should be brief and to-the-point and be supplemented with neat sketches.
Unnecessary long answer may result in loss of marks.
Any missing or wrong data may be assumed suitably giving proper justification.
Figures on the right-hand side margin indicate full marks.

Group A
1. (a) Define a fluid and distinguish between: (i) ideal and real fluids (ii) 6
compressible and incompressible fluids (iii) Newtonian and non Newtonian
fluids (iv) surface tension and capillarity (v) dynamic viscosity and
kinematic viscosity. (vi) Specific weight and mass density
(b) With neat sketch, explain the condition of equilibrium of submerged bodies. 8
(c) Define (i) rotational and irrotational flow (ii) uniform and non uniform flow 6
(iii) steady and non steady flow (iv) Compressible and incompressible flow
(v) one, two and three dimensional flow (vi) laminar and turbulent flow

2. (a) Explain briefly the following : (i) velocity potential (ii) stream function. 6
Describe relation these two.
(b) Derive Euler's equation of motion stating the assumptions. Obtain 8
Bernoulli’s equation from it.
(c) Derive the expression for the loss of head due to friction in pipe 6
h f  4 flV / 2 gd
2

where hf is the loss of head due to friction; L, the length of the pipes; f, the
coeff. of friction; V, the velocity, and d, the diameter of pipe.

3. (a) Prove that the velocity distribution for viscous flow between two parallel 8

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 MC 404 MODEL TEST PAPER - 1

plates, when both plates are fixed across section is parabolic in nature. Also,
prove that the maximum velocity is equal to one and a half times the
average velocity.
(b) A laminar flow is taking place in a pipe of diameter 200 mm. The maximum 6
velocity is 1.5 m/s. Find the mean velocity and the radius at which this
occurs. Also, calculate the velocity at 4 cm from the wall of the pipe.
(c) Two parallel plates kept 0.01 m apart have a laminar flow of oil between 6
them. Taking dynamic viscosity of oil to be 0.8 poise, determine the velocity
distribution, discharge and shear stress on the upper plate that moves
horizontally at relative velocity 1 m/s with respect to the lower plate which
is stationary. Further, the pressure drops in the flow direction from 180 kPa
to 100 kPa over a distance of 80 m.

4. (a) Explain with necessary sketch the following 6

(i) Laminar boundary layer
(ii) Turbulent boundary layer
(iii) Laminar sub-layer
(iv) Boundary layer thickness
(b) Starting with the Navier-Stokes equations of motion for two-dimensional 8
incompressible flow, obtain the Prandtl's boundary layer equations. Give a
brief outline of the Blasius solution of laminar boundary layer for flow over
a flat plate.
(c) If a laminar boundary layer at zero pressure, gradient over a flat plate is 6
described by the velocity profile.
V / V0  (3 / 2)   3 / 2
in which  = (y/). Show that the boundary layer thickness, , wall shear
stress 0 and coefficient of drag CD are given by
4.65 x 0.322 V0 2
 ; 0  ; CD  1.328 Re x
Re x Re x

Group B
5. (a) Explain the phenomenon of separation of boundary layer and formation of 10
wake. Give a list of various methods of boundary layer control.
(b) A flat plate of 2 m width and 4 m length is kept parallel to air flowing at 5 10
m/s velocity at 150C. Determine the length of plate over which the boundary

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layer is laminar, shear at the location where boundary layer ceases to be

laminar, and total force on both sides on that portion of plate where the
boundary layer is laminar. Take  = 1.208 kg/m3,  = 1.47 x 10-5 m2/s.

6. (a) A smooth pipe of diameter 80 mm and 800 m long carries water at the rate 10
of 0.480 m3/min. Calculate the loss of head, wall shearing stress, centre line
velocity, velocity and shear stress at 30 mm from pipe wall. Also, calculate
the thickness of laminar sub-layer. Take kinematic viscosity of water as
0.015 stokes. Take the value of coefficient of friction f from the relation f =
0.0791/Re1/4 where Re = Reynold number.
(b) Obtain an expression for the sound wave in a compressible fluid in terms of 10
change of pressure and change of density when the process is (i) isothermal
(ii) adiabatic.

7. (a) Define (i) Mach number (ii) subsonic flow (iii) sonic flow (iv) supersonic 10
flow.
(b) A tank contains air at a pressure 135 kPa and temperature 270C. The local 10
barometric pressure is 100 kPa. Air discharges out of the tank and into
atmosphere through a convergent nozzle. Determine the output flow
velocity and the mass flow rate of air. The cross sectional area at the nozzle
outlet is 500 m2.

8. (a) Define an orificemeter. prove that the discharge through an orifice meter is 10
given by

Q  Cd a0 a1 2 gh / a12  a0 2
where a1 is area of pipe; a0 is the area of orifice, and Cd is the coeff. of
discharge.
(b) An orifice meter with diameter 15 cm is inserted in a pipe of 30 cm 10
diameter. The pressure difference measured by a mercury oil differential
manometer on two sides of the orifice meter gives a reading of 50 cm of
mercury. Find the rate of flow of oil of specific gravity 0.9 when the
coefficient of discharge of the meter is 0.64.

Group C

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9. Answer the following in brief: 20

(i) Hydraulic gradient line and total energy line
(ii) Reynold transport theorem
(iii) Momentum integral method
(iv) Couette flow and Poiseuille flow
(v) Prandtl mixing length theory

(Refer our course material for answers)

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