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Fundamentals of Python Programming [Part 1]

The document provides an introduction to Python programming, covering how to write programs in various environments such as IDLE and PyCharm. It explains fundamental concepts like data objects, scalar and non-scalar types, type conversions, and basic operations including expressions and variable binding. Additionally, it discusses operator precedence and the importance of naming values for code reusability.

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ifeoluwaajibawo
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2 views

Fundamentals of Python Programming [Part 1]

The document provides an introduction to Python programming, covering how to write programs in various environments such as IDLE and PyCharm. It explains fundamental concepts like data objects, scalar and non-scalar types, type conversions, and basic operations including expressions and variable binding. Additionally, it discusses operator precedence and the importance of naming values for code reusability.

Uploaded by

ifeoluwaajibawo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Getting Started with Python

 A program can be typed directly in a shell or stored in a file


that is read into the shell and evaluated.

 IDLE - python shell (interactive interpreter)

 IDLE - text editor (Run  Run Module)

 PyCharm IDE

 Spyder IDE

 Visual Studio Code IDE

 PyDev - Eclipse IDE

Fundamentals of Computer & Programming 45


Objects
 programs manipulate data objects

 objects have a type that defines the kinds of things


programs can do to them

 objects are
 scalar (cannot be subdivided)
 non-scalar (have internal structure that can be accessed)

Fundamentals of Computer & Programming 46


Scalar Objects
 int – represent integers, ex. 5
 float – represent real numbers, ex. 3.27
 bool – represent Boolean values True and False
 NoneType – special and has one value, None

 can use type() to see the type of an object

>>> type(5)
int
>>> type(3.0)
float

Fundamentals of Computer & Programming 47


Type Conversions (Cast)
 can convert object of one type to another

 float(3) converts integer 3 to float 3.0

 int(3.9) truncates float 3.9 to integer 3

>>> float(3)
3.0
>>> int(3.9)
3

Fundamentals of Computer & Programming 48


Printing to console
 to show output from code to a user, use print command

Shell only:
>>> 3+2
5

Shell and File:


print(3+2)
5

Fundamentals of Computer & Programming 49


Expressions
 combine objects and operators to form expressions

 an expression has a value, which has a type

 syntax for a simple expression


<object> <operator> <object>

4 * 3
4 * 3 + 9
4 * 3 + 9 / 5

Fundamentals of Computer & Programming 50


Operators on Ints and Floats
i+j  the sum if both are ints, result is int
i-j  the difference if either or both are floats, result is
float
i*j  the product
i/j  division result is float

i%j  the remainder when i is divided by j


i**j  i to the power of j
i//j  integer division

Fundamentals of Computer & Programming 51


Operators on Ints and Floats

Fundamentals of Computer & Programming 52


Simple Operations
 parentheses used to tell Python to do these operations
first

 operator precedence without parentheses


 highest precedence at top, lowest at bottom
 same row means same priority
• they executed left to right, as appear in expression

**
* / // %
+ -
Fundamentals of Computer & Programming 53
Simple Operations
4-5+6**2/4**3%7

((4-5)+(((6**2)/(4**3))%7))
** (1) ** (2)
/ (3)
%(4)
- (5)

+ (6)

Fundamentals of Computer & Programming 54


Binding Variables and Values
• equal sign is an assignment of a value to a variable name

pi = 3.14159
1
pi_approx = 22/7

 value stored in computer memory


 an assignment binds name to value
 retrieve value associated with name or variable by invoking the
name, by typing pi

Fundamentals of Computer & Programming 55


Binding Variables and Values

Fundamentals of Computer & Programming 56


Abstracting Expressions
 why give names to values of expressions?
 to reuse names instead of values
 easier to change code later

pi = 3.14159
radius = 2.2
area = pi*(radius**2)

Fundamentals of Computer & Programming 57


Changing Bindings
 can re-bind variable names using new assignment
statements
 previous value may still stored in memory but lost the
handle for it
 value for area does not change until you tell the computer
to do the calculation again
3.14
pi = 3.14 pi pi
2.2
radius = 2.2 radius
area = pi*(radius**2) area 3.2

radius = radius+1 15.1976

Fundamentals of Computer & Programming 58


Question
 Which is allowed in Python?
a) x + y = 2
b) x*x = 2
c) 2 = x
d) xy = 2

Fundamentals of Computer & Programming 59


Question
1) e = a + (b * c) / d
2) e = (a + b) * c / d
3) e = ((a + b) * c) / d
4) e = (a + b) * (c / d)

Fundamentals of Computer & Programming 60


Question
usa_gold = 46
uk_gold = 27
romania_gold = 1

total_gold = usa_gold + uk_gold + romania_gold


print(total_gold)

romania_gold = romania_gold + 1
print(total_gold)

Fundamentals of Computer & Programming 61


output:

Question
74
74

74
75

Fundamentals of Computer & Programming 62

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