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bash_script

The document reviews basic Linux commands for file management, stream redirection, and process signaling. It includes examples of creating directories, copying files, and using pipes to manipulate data. Additionally, it covers redirecting input and output streams, as well as managing processes with commands like ps, kill, and fg.

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ram14linga
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

bash_script

The document reviews basic Linux commands for file management, stream redirection, and process signaling. It includes examples of creating directories, copying files, and using pipes to manipulate data. Additionally, it covers redirecting input and output streams, as well as managing processes with commands like ps, kill, and fg.

Uploaded by

ram14linga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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#Review: Basic Linux commands

mkdir mynewdir
cd mynewdir/
/mynewdir$ pwd
/mynewdir$ cp ../spider.txt .
/mynewdir$ touch myfile.txt
/mynewdir$ ls -l
#Output:
#-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 0 Mai 22 14:22 myfile.txt
#-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 192 Mai 22 14:18 spider.txt
/mynewdir$ ls -la
#Output:
#total 12
#drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 Mai 22 14:17 .
#drwxr-xr-x 56 user user 12288 Mai 22 14:17 ..
#-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 0 Mai 22 14:22 myfile.txt
#-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 192 Mai 22 14:18 spider.txt
/mynewdir$ mv myfile.txt emptyfile.txt
/mynewdir$ cp spider.txt yetanotherfile.txt
/mynewdir$ ls -l
#Output:
#total 8
#-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 0 Mai 22 14:22 emptyfile.txt
#-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 192 Mai 22 14:18 spider.txt
#-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 192 Mai 22 14:23 yetanotherfile.txt
/mynewdir$ rm *
/mynewdir$ ls -l
#total 0
/mynewdir$ cd ..
rmdir mynewdir/
ls mynewdir
#ls: cannot access 'mynewdir': No such file or directory

---------------------------------------------------------------

#Review: Redirecting streams

cat stdout_example.py
#!/usr/bin/env python3
print("Don't mind me, just a bit of text here...")
./stdout_example.py
#Output: Don't mind me, just a bit of text here...
./stdout_example.py > new_file.txt
cat new_file.txt
#Output: Don't mind me, just a bit of text here...
./stdout_example.py >> new_file.txt
cat new_file.txt
#Output: Don't mind me, just a bit of text here...
#Don't mind me, just a bit of text here...
cat streams_err.py
#!/usr/bin/env python3

data = input("This will come from STDIN: ")


print("Now we write it to STDOUT: " + data)
raise ValueError("Now we generate an error to STDERR")
./streams_err.py < new_file.txt
#This will come from STDIN: Now we write it to STDOUT: Don't mind #me, just a bit
of text here...
#Traceback (most recent call last):
#File "./streams_err.py", line 5, in <module>
#raise ValueError("Now we generate an error to STDERR")
#ValueError: Now we generate an error to STDERR
./streams_err.py < new_file.txt 2> error_file.txt
#This will come from STDIN: Now we write it to STDOUT: Don't mind #me, just a bit
of text here...
cat error_file.txt
#Traceback (most recent call last):
#File "./streams_err.py", line 5, in <module>
#raise ValueError("Now we generate an error to STDERR")
#ValueError: Now we generate an error to STDERR
echo "These are the contents of the file" > myamazingfile.txt
cat myamazingfile.txt
#These are the contents of the file

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#Review: Pipes and pipelines

ls -l | less
#(... A list of files appears...)
cat spider.txt | tr ' ' '\n' | sort | uniq -c | sort -nr | head
# 7 the
# 3 up
# 3 spider
# 3 and
# 2 rain
# 2 itsy
# 2 climbed
# 2 came
# 2 bitsy
# 1 waterspout.

cat capitalize.py
#!/usr/bin/env python3

import sys

for line in sys.stdin:


print(line.strip().capitalize())

cat haiku.txt
#advance your career,
#automating with Python,
#it's so fun to learn.

cat haiku.txt | ./capitalize.py


#Advance your career,
#Automating with python,
#It's so fun to learn.

./capitalize.py < haiku.txt


#Advance your career,
#Automating with python,
#It's so fun to learn.

#Review: Signaling processes


-------------------------

ping www.example.com
#PING www.example.com(2606:2800:220:1:248:1893:25c8:1946
(2606:2800:220:1:248:1893:25c8:1946)) 56 data bytes

Press Control C:

--- www.example.com ping statistics ---

9 packets transmitted, 9 received, 0% packet loss, time 8013ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 93.587/93.668/93.719/0.149 ms

ping www.example.com
#PING www.example.com(2606:2800:220:1:248:1893:25c8:1946
(2606:2800:220:1:248:1893:25c8:1946)) 56 data bytes

Press Control Z: the program stops.

fg
#ping www.example.com
#64 bytes from 2606:2800:220:1:248:1893:25c8:1946
(2606:2800:220:1:248:1893:25c8:1946): icmp_seq=5 ttl=51 time=93.6 ms

Press Control C:

--- www.example.com ping statistics ---

9 packets transmitted, 9 received, 0% packet loss, time 8013ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 93.587/93.668/93.719/0.149 ms

#Redirections, Pipes, and Signals

Managing streams

These are the redirectors that we can use to take control of the streams of our
programs

command > file: redirects standard output, overwrites file

command >> file: redirects standard output, appends to file

command < file: redirects standard input from file

command 2> file: redirects standard error to file

command1 | command2: connects the output of command1 to the input of command2


---------------------------------------
Operating with processes

These are some commands that are useful to know in Linux when interacting with
processes. Not all of them are explained in videos, so feel free to investigate
them on your own.

ps: lists the processes executing in the current terminal for the current user

ps ax: lists all processes currently executing for all users

ps e: shows the environment for the processes listed

kill PID: sends the SIGTERM signal to the process identified by PID

fg: causes a job that was stopped or in the background to return to the
foreground

bg: causes a job that was stopped to go to the background

jobs: lists the jobs currently running or stopped

top: shows the processes currently using the most CPU time (press "q" to quit)

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