MEANING OF RESEARCH

• It is a tool for global solution for man’s problem.

• It is viewed an endeavor to expand understanding of different situations and
giving positive answers.

Example:
 “Why do individuals engage themselves in crime?”
 “Which issues would be feasible to tackle with the
resources available and to a certain extent, what
shortcomings contributed to the deterioration of the
economy? ”
 These series of questions invariably are difficult to approach without a variety of
measuring instruments, research tools and approaches to be employed.
NATURE OF RESEARCH
 Searching for a theory;
 For testing theory; or
 For solving a problem.

 It means that a problem exists and has been identified and that the
solution of the problem is necessary. The problem is not ordinary and that
the solution is here and now.

 Scientific research is controlled unlike ordinary problems, which may be

solved cursorily.

 Scientific research is so planned that every step of the way does not involve
guess work or controlled evidences. Duet to the control employed in the
research, exact and precise outcome are expected.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF RESEARCH
1. Library Research
2. Field research ( both applicable to descriptive survey and
experimental methods)
3. Laboratory Research
4. Educational Research
5. Curriculum Research
6. Historical Research
7. Descriptive Research
8. Case Studies
9. Genetic Research
10. Data Gathering
CHOICE OF TOPICS FOR RESEARCH
1. Is the Subject worth of investigation?
2. Can be desired inquiry be put
through?
3. Can I do the job?

4. Is it a job I want to tackle?

IDENTIFYING THE RESEARCH PROBLEM

1. Research problems are educational

issues or concerns studied by
researchers.

2. It implies investigation, inquiry or

studies to be conducted or the
problem is ready to be conducted.
ELEMENTS OF A RESEARCH PROBLEM
• Aims, objectives, targets or purposes of the problem.

• The subject matter or topic to be investigated.

• The place or locale where the research is to be

conducted.

• Period of time of the study.

• Respondents of the study.

ELEMENTS OF A RESEARCH PROBLEM

A good problem statement

consists of three (3) parts:
1. The problem
2. The objectives
3. The research scope
ELEMENTS OF A RESEARCH PROBLEM
1. The problem:

While composing it, the is important that it

answer the 5WH questions so that it caters to all
the queries that the readers may have in mind.
 What is the problem?
 Who is the target population?
 Where is the problem occurring?
 Why is the problem occurring?
 When does the problem occur?
ELEMENTS OF A RESEARCH PROBLEM
2. The objectives:

The objective of the need statement is to identify the variables

that are to be studied and their treatment in the study process.
The statement let the readers know the main areas in the
research which should be improved and the ultimate objective is
to provide the answers or remedy. For well written objectives,
the following aspects should be carefully covered

 What are the variables that need to be investigated?

 How will they be measured?
 What is the methodology?
 What relationship is to be measured?
ELEMENTS OF A RESEARCH PROBLEM

3. The research scope:

In this part, you justify the effectiveness
and stability of the project. This part
should be composed keeping in mind
the readers of the thesis or dissertation
because this is where you give
justifications of the study and explain
the outcome that is to be desired?’
THINGS TO CONSIDER:
To help locate your research problem for your thesis, ask
yourself such questions as:

 What was the issue/problem you want to study?

 What is the concern being addressed “behind” this study?

 Why do you want to undertake this study?

 Why is this study important to the scholarly community?

PROBLEM RESEARCHABILITY
1. Will your research contribute to knowledge and practice?
 It fills a void or extends existing research
 It replicates a study with new participants or a new site
 Problem has not be studied or understudied
 It gives “voice” to people not heard, silenced, or rejected in society
 It informs practice

2. Accessed to people & sites

3. Time, Resources and skills

4. Useful for present and future concerns

5. To prove what your already know

GUIDELINES IN THE SELECTION OF A TOPIC FOR RESEARCH
1. The research problem or topic must be chosen by the researcher
himself. This is to avoid blaming others or offering any excuses for
any obstacle encountered.

2. It must be within the interest of the researcher. This is to make sure

that the researcher will focus his full attention to the research work.

3. It must be within the specialization of the researcher. This will make

in some way the work easier for him because he is working on
familiar grounds. Besides, this may improve his specialization, skill
and competence in his profession.

4. It must within the competence of the researcher to tackle. The

researcher must know the method of the research and other
research procedures applicable to his problem and he must know
how to apply them. He must have a workable understanding of his
study.
GUIDELINES IN THE SELECTION OF A TOPIC FOR RESEARCH
5. It must be within the ability of the researcher to finance, otherwise
he must be able to find funding for his research.
6. It is researchable and manageable, that is,
a. Data must be available and accessible.
b. Data must meet the standards of accuracy, objectively, and verifiability.
7. It can be completed within a reasonable period of time unless it is
longitudinal research which takes a long time for its completion.
8. It is significant, important and relevant to the present time and
situation, timely and current interest.
9. It must contribute to the fund of human knowledge.
10. It must not undermine the moral and spiritual values of the people.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
• Is the only type of research that can truly test hypothesis
concerning cause-and-effect relationships.

• It represents the most valid approach to the solution of

educational problems both practical and theoretical and
the advancement of education as a science.

• In an experimental study, the researcher manipulates at

least one independent variable, controls over relevant
variables and observes the effect on one or more
variables.
GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE TITLE
• The title should be clear and specifically stated
• The main concepts should be included like
subject matter of the study, the place of the
study, the population involved, the period when
the data is gathered.
• The variables being investigated should always
be written as part of the title.
• The number of words in the title should not
exceed twenty substantive words, function words
should not be included in the counting.
GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE TITLE
Certain forms of title phrasing such as “ A Study of . . “ An Analysis of ..’’ The
effects of..’’ The relation of ..” A comparative Study of..”
Example :
Subject Matter : The Effects of Playing Video Games to the Academic Performance
Locale of the Study : High School Students
Period of the Study : School Year 2013 -2014

Complete Title:
“The Effects of Playing Video Games to the Academic Performance of High
School Students of Arellano University SY 2013-2014”: An Analysis
COMPLETE TITLE

“The Effects of Playing Video

Games to the Academic
Performance of High School
Students of Arellano University
SY 2020-2021”: An Analysis
RESEARCH DESIGN
1. Descriptive Research
 This is a research design wherein events are recorded, described,
interpreted, analyzed and compared.
2. Historical Research
 This is a research design wherein past events are studied and related
to their cause and effect or in the future time.
3. Experimental Research
 This is a research design wherein the cause and effect relationship of a
treatment on a variable is determined.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
• The two main variables in an experiment are the independent and dependent
variable.

An independent variable is the variable that is changed or controlled in a

scientific experiment to test the effects on the dependent variable.

A dependent variable is the variable being tested and measured in a scientific

experiment.

The dependent variable is 'dependent' on the independent variable. As the

experimenter changes the independent variable, the effect on the dependent
variable is observed and recorded.
DEPENDENT & INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
Dependent variable also referred to as the criterion variable, effect, or post test, is the
outcome of the study, the change or difference in groups that occurs as a result
of manipulation of the independent variable.

Independent variable may also be such variables as attendance, number of

suspension, attentions span or even number of books, checked out of the library.

The only restriction on the dependent variable is that it represents an outcome that is
measurable.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

For example, a scientist wants to see if the brightness

of light has any effect on a moth being attracted to
the light. The brightness of the light is controlled
by the scientist. This would be the independent
variable. How the moth reacts to the different
light levels (distance to light source) would be the
dependent variable.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD THESIS

1. Accuracy
 (statistical data should be collected, organized and reported with meticulous care)

2. Objectivity
 (thesis should not be objective , not subjective in its method; must be real facts and verifiable evidence; data)

3. Impartiality
1. (the researcher should not permit prejudice, feelings and preconceived notions about the thesis problem to vitiate his work
on the problem)

4. Verification
1. (the investigation should be reported that if desired, it may readily be duplicated, and verified by some other persons)

5. Readability
1. (every scientific document should be written in a readable and attractive style)
THESIS TEXT

1. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

2. THE REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND
STUDIES
3. METHODOLOGY
4. PRESENTATIONS,ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION OF DATA
5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
THE END