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Module 2 - Elements of Traffic Analysis (1)

The document discusses key elements of traffic analysis, including traffic flow, speed, density, and spacing. It provides definitions and formulas for calculating traffic flow, time-mean speed, space-mean speed, and traffic density, along with example problems and solutions. The document emphasizes the importance of these metrics in understanding and managing traffic conditions.

Uploaded by

Jezrael Nacion
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views

Module 2 - Elements of Traffic Analysis (1)

The document discusses key elements of traffic analysis, including traffic flow, speed, density, and spacing. It provides definitions and formulas for calculating traffic flow, time-mean speed, space-mean speed, and traffic density, along with example problems and solutions. The document emphasizes the importance of these metrics in understanding and managing traffic conditions.

Uploaded by

Jezrael Nacion
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Elements of Traffic Analysis

Traffic Flow, Speed and Density


Traffic Flow

Traffic Flow (q) – is defined as the number of vehicles, n, passing some


designated highway point in a time interval of duration, t, or

𝒏
𝒒=
𝒕
 𝒕 = σ𝒏𝒊=𝟏 𝒉𝒊

Time Headway 𝒏
 𝒒 = σ𝒏
𝒊=𝟏 𝒉𝒊
- is the time between
the passage of the
front bumpers of 𝒒=
𝟏
successive vehicles at ഥ
𝒉
some designated
highway point
 Where: ℎത = 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦

σ 𝒉𝒊
ഥ
𝒉=
𝒏
Example Problem:

Let us suppose a 15-minute count of vehicles bound for Manila was


conducted at a particular location on Quezon Avenue. A summary is
shown in the table below:

Type 15-Minute Estimate the flow rate in vehicles


Counts per hour.
Car/Van 420
Jeepney 300
Bus 16
Truck 28
Solution
420 + 300 + 16 + 28 60min veh
q= x = 3056
15min 1hr hr
Average Traffic Speed

Time-Mean Speed
𝒏
𝟏
𝒖𝒕 = ෍ 𝒖𝒊
𝒏
𝒊=𝟏

Where: 𝑢𝑖 - is the spot speed (i.e., the speed of the vehicle at


the designated point on the highway.
Average Traffic Speed

Space-Mean Speed
𝟏ൗ σ𝒏 𝒍
𝒏 𝒊=𝟏 𝒊
𝒖=
𝒕ҧ

𝟏
𝒕ҧ = 𝒕 𝒍 + 𝒕𝟐 𝒍𝟐 +. . . + 𝒕𝒏 𝒍𝒏
𝒏 𝟏 𝟏

𝑳
𝒖=
𝟏ൗ σ𝒏 𝒕
𝒏 𝒊=𝟏 𝒊

n
us = n
1

i =1 ui
Example Problem

The speeds of 25 cars were observed. 10 cars were noted to


travel at 35 kph, 8 cars at 40 kph, 2 cars at 50 kph, and 5
cars at 45 kph. Assuming that each car was traveling at
constant speed, determine the time mean speed and the
space mean speed of these vehicles.
Solution
35 x10 + 40 x8 + 50 x 2 + 45 x5
ut = = 39.8 kph
25
25
us = = 39.3 kph
10 8 2 5
+ + +
35 40 50 45
Example Problem

The following times were recorded for 5 vehicles to traverse a


distance of 50 m. Vehicle Number Time Elapsed (sec)

1 3
2 4
3 3
4 5
5 6

Determine the time-mean speed and the space-mean speed.


Solution
50m 50 m 50 m 50m 50 m 1 1 km 3600 s
ut = ( + + + + ) x = 12.833 m/s x x = 46.2kph
3s 4s 3s 5s 6s 5 1000 m 1hr
50 m
us = x3.6 = 42.86 kph
3s + 4s + 3s + 5s + 6s
5
Traffic Density

Traffic Density (k) – refers to the number of vehicles occupying some


length of highway at some specified time.

𝒏
𝒌=
𝒍
Spacing

Spacing (s) – is the distance between two vehicles measured from the
front bumper of a vehicle to that of another.

𝟏
s=
𝑘
Example Problem

During heavy traffic congestion, it was observed that the


average spacing of vehicles in queue in the innermost lane
of EDSA is 6.5 m. Determine the jam density of stopped
vehicles in veh/km.
Solution
1 1000 m
k= x = 153.86 veh/km
6.5 m/veh km

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