@theiscale.

founders
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Part 1
Unit – 01 Introduction to SQL-What Is SQL & Database
Unit – 02 Data Types, Primary-Foreign Keys & Constraints
Unit – 03 Create Table In SQL & Create Database
Unit – 04 INSERT UPDATE, DELETE & ALTER Table
Unit – 05 SELECT Statement & WHERE Clause
Unit – 06 How To Import Excel File (CSV) to SQL
Unit – 07 Functions in SQL & String Function
Unit – 08 Aggregate Functions –Types & Syntax
Unit – 09 Assignment Level 1 for SQL
Unit – 10 Practice & Test Questions Part 1
Part 2
Unit – 11 Group By and Having Clause
Unit – 12 Time Stamp and Extract Function, Date Time Function
Unit – 13 SQL JOINS –Types & Syntax
Unit – 14 SELF JOIN, UNION & UNION ALL
Unit – 15 Subquery
Unit – 16 Window Function –Types & Syntax
Unit – 17 Case Statement/Expression with examples
Unit – 18 CTE-Common Table Expression with examples
Unit – 19 Assignment Level 2 for SQL
Unit – 20 Practice & Test Questions Part 2
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 Unit - 1
INTRODUCTION TO SQL-WHAT IS SQL &
DATABASE-INTRODUCTION

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Introduction to SQL

• What is Database
• Excel v/s Database in SQL
• What is SQL
• It’s applications
• SQL v/s NoSQL
• Types of SQL Commands

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What is Database?

Database is a system that allow users to store

and organize data.

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Excel vs Database

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What is SQL?

SQL (Structured Query Language) is a programming

language used to interact with database.

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What is SQL Application?

CRUD is an acronym for CREATE,

READ(SELECT), UPDATE, and DELETE
statements in SQL

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SQL vs NoSQL
- What is Relational and Non Relational Database ?

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SQL Commands

DDL – Data Definition Language.

DML – Data Manipulation Language.
DCL – Data Control Language.
TCL – Transaction Control Language.

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SQL Databases

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 Unit - 2
DATA TYPES, PRIMARY &
FOREIGN KEYS, CONSTRAINTS

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SQL Structure

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Database Diagram

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Creating Database & Table
 Data types
 Primary & Foreign keys
 Constraints
 SQL Commands
 CREATE
 INSERT
 UPDATE
 BACKUP
 DELETE
 ALTER
 DROP, TRUNCATE

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Data Types
• Data type of a column defines what value the column can
store in table
• Defined while creating tables in database
• Data types mainly classified into three most use categories

- String: char, varchar, etc

- Numeric: int, float, bool, etc
- Date and time: date, datetime, etc

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Data Types
Commonly Used data types in SQL:
int: used for the integer value
float: used to specify a decimal point number
bool: used to specify Boolean values true and false
char: fixed length string that can contain numbers, letters, and special
characters
varchar: variable length string that can contain numbers, letters, and
special characters
date: date format YYYY MM DD
datetime: date & time combination,
format is YYYY MM DD hh:mm:ss
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Primary and Foreign Keys:
Primary key (PK):
• A Primary key is a unique column we set in a table to easily identify
and locate data in queries
• A table can have only one primary key, which should be unique and
NOT NULL

Foreign keys (FK):

• A Foreign key is a column used to link two or more tables together
• A table can have any number of foreign keys, can contain duplicate
and NULL values

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Constraints:
• Constraints are used to specify rules for data in a table
• This ensures the accuracy and reliability of the data in the table
• Constraints can be specified when the table is created with the
• CREATE TABLE statement, or after the table is created with the ALTER TABLE
statement
• Syntax
CREATE TABLE table_name (
column1 datatype constraint,
column2 datatype constraint,
column3 datatype constraint,
....
);

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Constraints:
Commonly used constraints in SQL:

NOT NULL -Ensures that a column cannot have a NULL value

UNIQUE -Ensures that all values in a column are different
PRIMARY KEY -A combination of a NOT NULL and UNIQUE
FOREIGN KEY -Prevents actions that would destroy links between tables
(used to link multiple tables together)
CHECK -Ensures that the values in a column satisfies a specific condition
DEFAULT -Sets a default value for a column if no value is specified
CREATE INDEX -Used to create and retrieve data from the database very
quickly

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 Unit - 3
CREATING DATABASE & TABLES IN SQL

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 Install PostgreSQL

Check the description box or comment section for the latest PostgreSQL installation video

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CREATE TABLE:
The CREATE TABLE statement is used to create a new table in a database

Syntax
CREATE TABLE table_name
(
column_name1 datatypeconstraint,
column_name2 datatypeconstraint,
column_name3 datatypeconstraint,
);
Example
CREATE TABLE customer
(
CustID int8 PRIMARY KEY,
CustName varchar(50) NOT NULL,
Age int NOT NULL,
City char(50),
Salary numeric
);
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 Unit - 4
INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE VALUES IN TABLE
WITH ALTER, DROP & TRUNCATE TABLE

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INSERT VALUES IN TABLE:
The INSERT INTO statement is used to insert new records in a table
Syntax
INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME
(column1, column2, column3,...columnN)
VALUES
(value1, value2, value3,...valueN);

Example
INSERT INTO customer
(CustID, CustName, Age, City, Salary)
VALUES
(1, 'Nishant', 26, 'Delhi', 19000),
(2, 'Swati', 22, 'Bangalore', 11000),
(3, 'Ragini', 19, 'Goa', 24000),
(4, 'Saurabh', 32, 'Pune', 10000);

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UPDATE VALUES IN TABLE:
The UPDATE command is used to update existing rows in a table
Syntax
UPDATE TABLE_NAME
SET “Column_name1” = ‘value1’, “Column_name2” = ‘value2’
WHERE “ID” = ‘value’

Example
UPDATE customer
SET CustName= 'Prashant' , Age= 32
WHERE CustID= 1;

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DELETE VALUES IN TABLE
The DELETE statement is used to delete existing records in a table

Syntax
DELETE FROM table_nameWHERE condition;

Example
DELETE FROM customer
WHERE CustID= 3;

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ALTER TABLE:
The ALTER TABLE statement is used to add, delete, or modify columns in an existing table

• ALTER TABLE -ADD Column Syntax

ALTER TABLE table_name
ADD COLUMN column_name;

• ALTER TABLE -DROP COLUMN Syntax

ALTER TABLE table_name
DROP COLUMN column_name;

• ALTER TABLE -ALTER/MODIFY COLUMN Syntax

ALTER TABLE table_name
ALTER COLUMN column_namedatatype;

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ALTER TABLE EXAMPLE

• ADD Column Syntax: Adding new ‘Gender’ column to customer table

ALTER TABLE customer
ADD COLUMN Gender varchar(10);

• ALTER/MODIFY COLUMN Syntax: changing Gender column data type from varchar(10) to char(10)
ALTER TABLE customer
ALTER COLUMN Gender char(10);

• DROP COLUMN Syntax: Deleting Gender column from customer table

ALTER TABLE customer
DROP COLUMN Gender;

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DROP & TRUNCATE TABLE
The DROP TABLE command deletes a table in the database

• Syntax
DROP TABLE table_name;

The TRUNCATE TABLE command deletes the data inside a table, but not the
table itself

Syntax
TRUNCATE TABLE table_name;

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 Unit - 5
SELECT STATEMENT & WHERE CLAUSE
OPERATORS, LIMIT , ORDER BY CLAUSE

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CREATING DATASET
Creating a Classroom Dataset for Practice
CREATE TABLE classroom
(
rollno int8 PRIMARY KEY,
name varchar(50) NOT NULL,
house char(12) NOT NULL,
grade char(1)
);

INSERT INTO classroom

(rollno, name, house, grade)
VALUES
(1, 'Nishant', 'Amber', 'B'),
(2, 'Aditya', 'Agni', 'A'),
(3, 'Tanya', 'Jal', 'B'),
(4, 'Ragini', 'Agni', 'A'),
(5, 'Aditya', 'Yayu', 'B');

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SELECT STATEMENT
The SELECT statement is used to select data from a database.

• Syntax
SELECT column_name FROM table_name;
To select all the fields available in the table

• Syntax
SELECT * FROM table_name;
To select distinct/unique fields available in the table

• Syntax
SELECT DISTINCT Column_name FROM table_name;

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WHERE CLAUSE
The WHERE clause is used to filter records.
It is used to extract only those records that fulfill a specified condition

• Syntax

SELECT column_name FROM table_name

WHERE conditions;

• Example

SELECT name FROM classroom

WHERE grade=‘A’;

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OPERATORS IN SQL
The SQL reserved words and characters are called operators, which are used with a WHERE clause in a
SQL query

1. Arithmetic operators :arithmetic operations on numeric values

Example: Addition (+), Subtraction (-), Multiplication (*), Division (/), Modulus (%)

2. Comparison operators: compare two different data of SQL table

Example: Equal (=), Not Equal (!=), Greater Than (>), Greater Than Equals to (>=)

3. Logical operators: perform the Boolean operations

Example: ALL, IN, BETWEEN, LIKE, AND, OR, NOT, ANY

4. Bitwise operators: perform the bit operations on the Integer values

Example: Bitwise AND (&), Bitwise OR(|)

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LIMIT CLAUSE
The LIMIT clause is used to set an upper limit on the number of tuples returned by SQL.
Example: below code will return 5 rows of data
SELECT column_name FROM table_name
LIMIT 5;

ORDER BY CLAUSE
The ORDER BY is used to sort the result-set in ascending (ASC) or descending order (DESC).
Example: below code will sort the output data by column name in ascending order
SELECT column_name FROM table_name

SELECT * FROM classroom

ORDER BY name ASC;

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 Unit - 6
HOW TO IMPORT EXCEL FILE (CSV) TO SQL

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CSV FILES
👉Download customer csv file: https://github.com/TheiScale/YouTube-Video-Notes/blob/main/customer.csv

CREATE TABLE customer

(
customer_id int8 PRIMARY KEY,
first_name varchar (50),
last_name varchar(50),
email varchar(100),
address_id int8
)

COPY
customer(customer_id,first_name,last_name,email,address_id)
FROM 'E:\customer.csv'
DELIMITER ','
CSV HEADER;

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 Unit - 7
FUNCTIONS IN SQL & STRING FUNCTION

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FUNCTIONS IN SQL
Functions in SQL are the database objects that contains a set of SQL statements to
perform a specific task. A function accepts input parameters, perform actions, and
then return the result.

Types of Function:
1. System Defined Function : these are built-in functions
- Example: rand(), round(), upper(), lower(), count(), sum(), avg(), max(), etc

2. User-Defined Function : Once you define a function, you can call it in the same way
as the built-in functions

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 MOST USED STRING FUNCTIONS
String functions are used to perform an operation on input string and return an output
string
• UPPER() converts the value of a field to uppercase
• LOWER() converts the value of a field to lowercase
• LENGTH() returns the length of the value in a text field
• SUBSTRING() extracts a substring from a string
• NOW() returns the current system date and time
• FORMAT() used to set the format of a field
• CONCAT() adds two or more strings together
• REPLACE() Replaces all occurrences of a substring within a string, with a new
substring
• TRIM() removes leading and trailing spaces (or other specified characters) from a
string
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 Unit - 8
AGGREGATE FUNCTIONS – TYPES & SYNTAX

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 MOST USED AGGREGATE FUNCTIONS
Aggregate function performs a calculation on multiple values and returns
a single value.
And Aggregate function are often used with GROUP BY & SELECT
statement

COUNT() returns number of values

SUM() returns sum of all values
AVG() returns average value
MAX() returns maximum value
MIN() returns minimum value
ROUND() Rounds a number to a specified number of decimal places
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Practice CSV FILES Import Dataset
👉Download account csv file: https://github.com/TheiScale/YouTube-Video-Notes/blob/main/accounts.csv

CREATE TABLE accounts

(
customer_id int8 PRIMARY KEY,
amount int8,
mode varchar(50),
payment_date date

COPY accounts(customer_id,amount,mode,payment_date)
FROM 'E:\accounts.csv'
DELIMITER ','
CSV HEADER;

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 Unit - 09
ASSIGNMENT LEVEL 1 FOR SQL

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Step 1 Register Or Login : Step 2 Enroll Free Data
www.theiscale.com Analytics Course

OR

Step 3 : Click Latest Practice Test and Download Assignment PDF

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 Unit - 10
PRACTICE & TEST QUESTIONS PART 1

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Step 3 : Click Latest Practice Test

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Part 1
Unit – 01 Introduction to SQL-What Is SQL & Database
Unit – 02 Data Types, Primary-Foreign Keys & Constraints
Unit – 03 Create Table In SQL & Create Database
Unit – 04 INSERT UPDATE, DELETE & ALTER Table
Unit – 05 SELECT Statement & WHERE Clause
Unit – 06 How To Import Excel File (CSV) to SQL
Unit – 07 Functions in SQL & String Function
Unit – 08 Aggregate Functions –Types & Syntax
Unit – 09 Assignment Level 1 for SQL
Unit – 10 Practice & Test Questions Part 1
Part 2
Unit – 11 Group By and Having Clause
Unit – 12 Time Stamp and Extract Function, Date Time Function
Unit – 13 SQL JOINS –Types & Syntax
Unit – 14 SELF JOIN, UNION & UNION ALL
Unit – 15 Subquery
Unit – 16 Window Function –Types & Syntax
Unit – 17 Case Statement/Expression with examples
Unit – 18 CTE-Common Table Expression with examples
Unit – 19 Assignment Level 2 for SQL
Unit – 20 Practice & Test Questions Part 2
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 Unit - 11
GROUP BY & HAVING CLAUSE

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GROUP BY STATEMENT
The GROUP BY statement group rows that have the same values into summary rows.
It is often used with aggregate functions (COUNT(), MAX(), MIN(), SUM(), AVG()) to group the result-set
by one or more columns

- Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
GROUP BY column_name(s);

- Example

SELECT mode, SUM(amount) AS Total_Amount

FROM accounts
GROUP BY mode
ORDER BY Total_Amount ASC
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HAVING CLAUSE
The HAVING clause is used to apply a filter on the result of GROUP BY based on the specified condition.
The WHERE clause places conditions on the selected columns, whereas the HAVING clause places
conditions on groups created by the GROUP BY clause
Syntax
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition(s)
GROUP BY column_name(s)
HAVING condition(s)
Example
SELECT mode, COUNT(amount) AS total_amount
FROM accounts
GROUP BY mode
HAVING COUNT(amount) >= 3
ORDER BY total DESC
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 Unit - 12
TIME STAMP AND EXTRACT FUNCTION
DATE - TIME FUNCTION

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TIMESTAMP
The TIMESTAMP data type is used for values that contain both
date and time parts

• TIME contains only time, format HH:MI:SS

• DATE contains on date, format YYYY-MM-DD
• YEAR contains on year, format YYYY or YY
• TIMESTAMP contains date and time, format YYYY-MM-DD
HH:MI:SS
• TIMESTAMPTZ contains date, time and time zone

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TIMESTAMP FUNCTIONS / OPERATORS
Below are the TIMESTAMP functions and operators in
SQL:

• SHOW TIMEZONE
• SELECT NOW()
• SELECT TIMEOFDAY()
• SELECT CURRENT_TIME
• SELECT CURRENT_DATE
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EXTRACT FUNCTION
The EXTRACT() function extracts a part from a given date value.

Syntax: SELECT EXTRACT(MONTH FROM date_field) FROM Table

• YEAR
• QUARTER
• MONTH
• WEEK
• DAY
• HOUR
• MINUTE
• DOW–day of week
• DOY–day of year

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 Unit - 13
SQL JOINS – TYPES SYNTAX FUNCTION

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TOPICS IN JOIN
• WHAT IS JOIN?
• JOIN TYPES
• WHICH JOIN TO USE
• JOIN SYNTAX
• EXAMPLES IN SQL

- JOIN means to combine something.

- A JOIN clause is used to combine data from two or more tables,
based on a related column between them

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TYPES OF JOIN
• INNER JOIN
• LEFT JOIN
• RIGHT JOIN
• FULL JOIN

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JOIN EXAMPLE

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INNER JOIN
Returns records that have matching values in both tables.

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INNER JOIN
Returns records that have matching values in both tables.
• Syntax
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM TableA
INNER JOIN TableB
ON TableA.col_name= TableB.col_name

• Example
SELECT *
FROM customer AS c
INNER JOIN accounts AS a
ON c.customer_id= a.customer_id

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LEFT JOIN
Returns all records from the left table, and the matched records from the right table

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LEFT JOIN
Syntax
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM TableA
LEFT JOIN TableB
ON TableA.col_name= TableB.col_name

Example
SELECT *
FROM customer AS c
LEFT JOIN accounts AS a
ON c.customer_id= a.customer_id

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RIGHT JOIN
Returns all records from the right table, and the matched records from the left table

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RIGHT JOIN
Syntax
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM TableA
RIGHT JOIN TableB
ON TableA.col_name= TableB.col_name

Example
SELECT *
FROM customer AS c
RIGHT JOIN accounts AS a
ON c.customer_id= a.customer_id

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FULL JOIN
Returns all records when there is a match in either left or right table

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FULL OUTER JOIN
Syntax
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM TableA
FULL OUTER JOIN TableB
ON TableA.col_name= TableB.col_name

Example
SELECT *
FROM customer AS c
FULL JOIN accounts AS a
ON c.customer_id= a.customer_id

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WHICH JOIN TO USE
• INNER JOIN: Returns records that have matching values in both tables
• LEFT JOIN: Returns all records from the left table, and the matched records
from the right table
• RIGHT JOIN: Returns all records from the right table, and the matched
records from the left table
• FULL JOIN: Returns all records when there is a match in either left or right
table

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 Unit - 14
SELF JOIN, UNION & UNION ALL

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SELF JOIN
• A self join is a regular join in which a table is joined to itself
• SELF Joins are powerful for comparing values in a column of rows
with the same table

Syntax
SELECT *
FROM classroom AS T1
JOIN classroom AS T2
ON T2.rollno = T1.st_id

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SELF JOIN EXAMPLE

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UNION
The SQL UNION clause/operator is used to combine/concatenate the results of two or more SELECT
statements without returning any duplicate rows and keeps unique records
To use this UNION clause, each SELECT statement must have
• The same number of columns selected and expressions
• The same data type and
• Have them in the same order

Syntax
SELECT column_name(s) FROM TableA
UNION
SELECT column_name(s) FROM TableB

Example
SELECT customer_id
FROM accounts
UNION
SELECT customer_id
FROM customer
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UNION ALL
In UNION ALL everything is same as UNION, it combines/concatenate two or
more table but keeps all records, including duplicates

Syntax
SELECT column_name(s) FROM TableA
UNION ALL
SELECT column_name(s) FROM TableB

Example
SELECT customer_id
FROM accounts
UNION ALL
SELECT customer_id
FROM customer

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 Unit - 15
SUB QUERY SQL

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SUB QUERY
A Subquery or Inner query or a Nested query allows us to create complex query
on the output of another query

• Sub query syntax involves two SELECT statements

Syntax

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_nameoperator
( SELECT column_nameFROM table_nameWHERE ...);

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SUB QUERY EXAMPLE
Question: Find the details of customers, whose payment
amount is more than the average of total amount paid by
all customers

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SUB QUERY Solution
---Find the average value
SELECT avg(amount) from accounts

---Filter the customer details (grater then or >) avg value

SELECT *
FROM accounts
WHERE amount > 57

SELECT * FROM accounts

---Dynamic Solution Use Sub Query

SELECT *
FROM accounts
WHERE amount > (SELECT avg(amount) from accounts)

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 Unit - 16
WINDOWS FUNCTION

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WINDOW FUNCTION
- Window functions applies aggregate, ranking and analytic functions
over a particular window (set of rows).

- And OVER clause is used with window functions to define that window.

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 WINDOW FUNCTION SYNTAX
SELECT column_name1,
Select a function window_function (column_name2)
• Aggregate functions OVER(
• Ranking functions [PARTITION BY column_name1]
• Analytic functions
[ORDER BY column_name3])
[ROWS or <Range Clause>]
FROM table_name;

Define a Window
• PARTITION BY
• ORDER BY
• ROWS

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WINDOW FUNCTION TERMS
Let’s look at some definitions:
• WINDOW FUNCTION applies aggregate, ranking and analytic functions over a
particular window; for example, sum, avg, or row_number
• EXPRESSION is the name of the column that we want the window function
operated on. This may not be necessary depending on what window function is
used
• OVER is just to signify that this is a window function
• PARTITION BY divides the rows into partitions so we can specify which rows to
use to compute the window function
• ORDER BY is used so that we can order the rows within each partition. This is
optional and does not have to be specified
• ROW Scan be used if we want to further limit the rows within our partition. This
is optional and usually not used
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WINDOW FUNCTION TYPES

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Practice CSV FILES Import Dataset
👉Download student csv file: https://github.com/TheiScale/YouTube-Video-Notes/blob/main/student.csv

SELECT Marks, st_subject,

SUM(Marks) OVER (PARTITION BY st_subject ORDER BY Marks) AS "Total",

AVG(Marks) OVER (PARTITION BY st_subject ORDER BY Marks) AS "Average",
COUNT(Marks) OVER (PARTITION BY st_subject ORDER BY Marks) AS "Count",
MIN(Marks) OVER (PARTITION BY st_subject ORDER BY Marks) AS "Minimum",
MAX(Marks) OVER (PARTITION BY st_subject ORDER BY Marks) AS "Maximum"
FROM student

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Example Aggregate Function
SELECT Marks, st_subject,
SUM(Marks) OVER ( ORDER BY Marks ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING
AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS "Total",
AVG(Marks) OVER ( ORDER BY Marks ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING AND
UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS "Average",
Count(Marks) OVER ( ORDER BY Marks ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING
AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS "Count",
MAX(Marks) OVER ( ORDER BY Marks ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING
AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS "Maximum",
MIN(Marks) OVER ( ORDER BY Marks ROWS BETWEEN UNBOUNDED PRECEDING
AND UNBOUNDED FOLLOWING) AS "Minimum"
FROM student

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Example Ranking Function
SELECT Marks ,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY Marks ) AS "ROW_NUMBER",
RANK() OVER (ORDER BY Marks ) AS "RANK",
DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY Marks ) AS "DENSE_RANK",
PERCENT_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY Marks ) AS "PERCENT_RANK"
FROM student

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Example Analytic Function
SELECT Marks ,
FIRST_VALUE (Marks ) OVER ( ORDER BY Marks ) AS "FIRST_VALUE",
LAST_VALUE (Marks ) OVER ( ORDER BY Marks ) AS "LAST_VALUE",
LEAD (Marks ) OVER ( ORDER BY Marks ) AS "LEAD",
LAG (Marks ) OVER ( ORDER BY Marks ) AS "LAG"
FROM student

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 Unit - 17
CASE EXPRESSION / STATEMENT

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CASE EXPRESSION
• The CASE expression goes through conditions and returns a value
when the first condition is met (like if-then-else statement). If no
conditions are true, it returns the value in the ELSE clause.

• If there is no ELSE part and no conditions are true, it returns NULL.

• Sometimes Case Expression also called Case Statement

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Syntax: CASE STATEMENT
CASE
WHEN condition1 THEN result1
WHEN condition2 THEN result2
WHEN condition NTHEN resultN
ELSE other_result
END;

Example:
SELECT customer_id , amount,
CASE
WHEN amount > 55 THEN 'Expensive'
WHEN amount = 55 THEN 'Less Expensive'
ELSE 'No Expensive'
END AS Show_Status
FROM accounts
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 CASE EXPRESSION
Syntax:
CASE EXPRESSION
WHEN value1 THEN result1
WHEN value2 THEN result2
WHEN valueN THEN resultN
ELSE other_result
END;
Example:
SELECT customer_id, amount,
CASE amount
WHEN 55 THEN 'Prime Customer'
WHEN 45 THEN 'Plus Customer'
ELSE 'Regular Customer'
END AS CustomerStatus
FROM accounts

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 Unit - 18
COMMON TABLE EXPRESSION

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COMMON TABLE EXPRESSION (CTE)
• A common table expression, or CTE, is a temporary named
result set created from a simple SELECT statement that can be
used in a subsequent SELECT statement

• We can define CTEs by adding a WITH clause directly before

SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, or MERGE statement

• The WITH clause can include one or more CTEs separated by

commas

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CTE Syntax:

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EXAMPLE Use CTE Windows:
WITH
cte_table AS (SELECT *, AVG(amount) OVER(ORDER BY
p.customer_id ) AS "Average_Price",
COUNT(address_id ) OVER(ORDER BY c.customer_id ) AS
"Count"
FROM accounts as p
INNER JOIN customer AS c
ON p.customer_id = c.customer_id
)
SELECT first_name , last_name, amount
FROM cte_table
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EXAMPLE JOIN Use CTE:
WITH
cte_table AS ( SELECT mode, MAX(amount) AS highest_price , SUM(amount)
AS total_price
FROM accounts
GROUP BY mode
)
SELECT accounts.*, my.highest_price , my.total_price
FROM accounts
JOIN cte_table my
ON accounts.mode = my.mode

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 Unit - 19
ASSIGNMENT LEVEL 2 FOR SQL

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Step 1 Register Or Login : Step 2 Enroll Free Data
www.theiscale.com Analytics Course

OR

Step 3 : Click Latest Practice Test and Download Assignment PDF

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 Unit - 20
PRACTICE & TEST QUESTIONS PART 2

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Step 3 : Click Latest Practice Test and Assignment

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Part 1
Unit – 01 Introduction to SQL-What Is SQL & Database
Unit – 02 Data Types, Primary-Foreign Keys & Constraints
Unit – 03 Create Table In SQL & Create Database
Unit – 04 INSERT UPDATE, DELETE & ALTER Table
Unit – 05 SELECT Statement & WHERE Clause
Unit – 06 How To Import Excel File (CSV) to SQL
Unit – 07 Functions in SQL & String Function
Unit – 08 Aggregate Functions –Types & Syntax
Unit – 09 Assignment Level 1 for SQL
Unit – 10 Practice & Test Questions Part 1
Part 2
Unit – 11 Group By and Having Clause
Unit – 12 Time Stamp and Extract Function, Date Time Function
Unit – 13 SQL JOINS –Types & Syntax
Unit – 14 SELF JOIN, UNION & UNION ALL
Unit – 15 Subquery
Unit – 16 Window Function –Types & Syntax
Unit – 17 Case Statement/Expression with examples
Unit – 18 CTE-Common Table Expression with examples
Unit – 19 Assignment Level 2 for SQL
Unit – 20 Practice & Test Questions Part 2
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