NAGA CITY SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

ICT 8

LEARNING AREA: ICT 8 – COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

Algorithms and Flowcharts

I. Introductory Concepts

The most difficult and important task within programming is the systematic and careful analysis of a
whole problem. Therefore, before going to actual programming, a programmer should always go through
the following steps in a sequential order: (a) design an algorithm – solution, (b) represent algorithm -
flowchart, (c) code the flowchart – program, (d) execute the program – result.

II. Information Sheet

Algorithm
A series of steps to solve a problem or carry out a task. Each step must be precise and unambiguous
so that there is no doubt about what it means. Programs are algorithms translated into programming
languages.

Characteristics of Algorithms
 Input – receives zero or more input
 Output – at least one output is produced
 Definiteness – instructions are clear and unambiguous
 Finiteness – terminates after a finite number of steps
 Effectiveness – instructions should be achievable or could be caried out

Algorithm Example
Problem: How to make scrambled eggs?
Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Beat the eggs for 20 to 30 seconds in a bowl
Step 3: Heat a frying pan over a medium-low heat
Step 4: Melt some butter in the frying pan
Step 5: Cook eggs on the pan and stir eggs while cooking
Step 6: Add other ingredients
Step 7: Serve the scrambled eggs
Step 8: Stop

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Flowchart
A graphical representation of an algorithm. It is made up of graphics or symbols linked by arrows.
Each symbol contains a step in solving the problem or a question.

Flowchart Example
Problem: How to make scrambled eggs?
Flowchart:

Algorithm and Flowchart Example

Problem: Write an algorithm and draw flowchart for finding the sum of any two numbers.
Algorithm:
Step 1: Start
Step 2: Get two numbers
Step 3: Add the first number to the second number
Step 4: Display the result as the sum of two numbers
Step 5: Stop
Flowchart:

III. Learning Objectives:

1. explain the importance of algorithms to computer

programming
2. identify and draw flowchart symbols
3. explain the use of each flowchart symbol
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 4. create an algorithm and flowchart

IV. Activities:

PERFORMANCE TASK 2 & 3: You can use algorithms and flowcharts to help describe things that people do
every day. In this activity, you will create an algorithm and its corresponding flowchart to help
someone do a specific task.

Example: A cooking recipe, assembly instructions for a model, rules on how to play a game, directions on
how
to go to your house, etc. You may refer to the Algorithm Example and Flowchart Example on the Information
Sheet. Use Photoshop, Canva, or any photo-editing app to create the flowchart. Do it on an A4-size bond
paper following the format shown below. PRINT your output and submit it on or before APRIL 10, 2024.

Name: _____________________________________Section:______________________Date:______________
Problem:
Algorithm Flowchart

Step 1:
Step 2:
…
Step N:

V. Rubrics for Scoring

Performance Task
CATEGORY 95-100 90-94 85-89 80-84
Correctness Algorithm & Flowchart Algorithm & Flowchart Algorithm & Flowchart Algorithm & Flowchart does
produces correct or approaches correct or approaches correct or not produce correct or
appropriate result appropriate results, but appropriate results, but appropriate results
contains 1-2 errors contains 3-5 errors

Clarity Algorithm & Flowchart has Algorithm & Flowchart Algorithm & Flowchart Algorithm & Flowchart
no trivial statement and is contains 1-2 trivial contains a FEW trivial contains MANY vague or
easy to understand even if statements but is generally statements but is generally very general statements
not presented or clarified. understandable especially understandable especially making it hard to
when explained. when clarified. understand.

Logic Algorithm & Flowchart logic Algorithm & Flowchart logic Algorithm & Flowchart logic Algorithm & Flowchart logic
is correct with no known is MOSTLY correct but is SOMEWHAT correct but is incorrect and contains
flaws or errors. contains a few logical contains some logical many logical glitches.
glitches. glitches.

Neatness and Exceptionally attractive and Attractive and neat in Acceptably attractive but Distractingly messy or very
Attractiveness particularly neat in design design and layout. may be messy at times poorly designed. Does not
and layout. and/or show lack of show pride in work.
organization.

References: Computer Fundamentals and C Programming by Amiya

C++ How to Program by Paul Deitel, Harvey Deitel Kumar Rath
Prepared By:
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ARNOLD R. HIPOLITO JR.
ICT Teacher, NCSHS