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Lecture8-AnalogModulationPart-IV 2

The document discusses alternative methods for analog modulation, specifically focusing on upper single sideband (USSB) and lower single sideband (LSSB) amplitude modulation. It explains the mathematical analysis for designing SSB-AM modulators and the need for phase coherent demodulation, highlighting the use of pilot tones for synchronous demodulation. Additionally, it introduces vestigial-sideband AM as a simplified design approach that allows for a portion of the unwanted sideband, suitable for signals with strong low-frequency components.

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thomaskarthik4
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3 views

Lecture8-AnalogModulationPart-IV 2

The document discusses alternative methods for analog modulation, specifically focusing on upper single sideband (USSB) and lower single sideband (LSSB) amplitude modulation. It explains the mathematical analysis for designing SSB-AM modulators and the need for phase coherent demodulation, highlighting the use of pilot tones for synchronous demodulation. Additionally, it introduces vestigial-sideband AM as a simplified design approach that allows for a portion of the unwanted sideband, suitable for signals with strong low-frequency components.

Uploaded by

thomaskarthik4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Analog Modulation : Part IV

Satyajit Thakor
IIT Mandi
Alternative method

I Spectrum of DSB AM: U (f ) = Ac [M (f fc ) + M (f + fc )]


I Spectrum of USSB (upper single sideband) AM is

Uu (f ) = Ac M (f fc )u 1 (f fc ) + Ac M (f + fc )u 1( f fc )
= Ac M (f )u 1 (f )|f =f fc
+ Ac M (f )u 1( f )|f =f +fc

I Then,
1 j2⇡fc t
uu (t) = Ac m(t) ? F [u 1 (f )]e
1
+ Ac m(t) ? F [u 1 ( f )]e j2⇡fc t

I Recall:
 
(t) j (t) j
F + =u 1 (f ), F =u 1( f)
2 2⇡t 2 2⇡t
Alternative method
I Hence, we have  
(t) j j2⇡fc t (t) j j2⇡fc t
uu (t) =Ac m(t) ? + e + Ac m(t) ? e
2 2⇡t 2 2⇡t
Ac j2⇡fc t Ac
= [m(t) + j m̂(t)]e + [m(t) j m̂(t)]e j2⇡fc t
2 2
=Ac m(t) cos 2⇡fc t Ac m̂(t) sin 2⇡fc t

ul (t) =uDSB (t) uu (t)


ul (t) =2Ac m(t) cos 2⇡fc t [Ac m(t) cos 2⇡fc t Ac m̂(t) sin 2⇡fc t]
=Ac m(t) cos 2⇡fc t + Ac m̂(t) sin 2⇡fc t

uSSB (t) =Ac m(t) cos 2⇡fc t ⌥ Ac m̂(t) sin 2⇡fc t

I for USSB-AM, + for LSSB-AM signal


Alternative method

I The preceding mathematical analysis tells us that SSB-AM


modulator can be designed in the following way (for lower SSB).
Demodulation

I In SSB-AM, phase coherent (synchronous) demodulator is


required (as in DSB-SC AM). For USSB-AM,

y(t) = uu (t) cos(2⇡fc t + )


= [Ac m(t) cos 2⇡fc t Ac m̂(t) sin 2⇡fc t] cos(2⇡fc t + )
Ac Ac
= m(t) cos + m̂(t) sin + (double frequency terms)
2 2
I Passing through lowpass filter, we have 39in Ein'ftp.stintstp
reduction inamplitude
S
Ac Ac
yl (t) = m(t) cos + m̂(t) sin
2 2
Interference signal
I What sorts of distortion this demodulation process introduce?
Demodulation

I Phase o↵set in SSB-AM not only reduces the amplitude of the


desired signal but also introduces distortion due to m̂(t).
I Transmission of pilot tone is easy and e↵ective method to make
demodulation phase coherent/synchronous.
I SSB-AM has high spectral efficiency bandwidth efficiency

I SSB-AM is used in wireline telephone systems: pilot tone is


transmitted for synchronous demodulation
Vestigial-sideband AM
I Issues with bandpass and Hilbert transform filters
I Design of SSB-AM transmitter can be simplified by allowing
vestige - a portion of unwanted sideband
I Suitable for message signals with strong low frequency
component
I Example: video signal, TV broadcasting

u(t) = [Ac m(t) cos 2⇡fc t] ? h(t)


Ac
U (f ) = [M (f fc ) + M (f + fc )]H(f )
2
Vestigial-sideband AM

v(t) =u(t) cos 2⇡fc t


1
V (f ) = [U (f fc ) + U (f + fc )]
2
Ac
= [M (f 2fc ) + M (f )]H(f fc )]
4
Ac
+ [M (f ) + M (f + 2fc )]H(f + fc )
4

I The lowpass filter passes only the components in frequency


|f |  W .
Vestigial-sideband AM
I Hence, Vl (f ) = A4c M (f )[H(f f c) + H(f + f c)].
_f
I For undistorted message signal at the output of lowpass filter,
the VSB filter characteristic must satisfy

H(f fc ) + H(f + fc ) = constant, |f |  W.

constant in the range WW

want
Vestigial-sideband AM

I Here H(f ) selects the upper sideband and a vestige of the lower
sideband.
I It has odd symmetry about fc in the frequency range
fc fa < f < fc + fa , where fa is a small fraction of W .
I Thus, we obtain an undistorted version of the transmitted
signal. Why?
I To avoid distortion of the message signal, the VSB filter should
have a linear phase over its passband fc fa  |f |  fc + W .

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