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java-class-4

The document explains the concepts of objects and classes in Java, defining an object as an entity with state and behavior, and a class as a blueprint for creating objects. It covers the structure of classes, instance variables, methods, and how to initialize objects in various ways. Additionally, it provides examples demonstrating the creation and manipulation of objects and their properties.

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Candy Man
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views

java-class-4

The document explains the concepts of objects and classes in Java, defining an object as an entity with state and behavior, and a class as a blueprint for creating objects. It covers the structure of classes, instance variables, methods, and how to initialize objects in various ways. Additionally, it provides examples demonstrating the creation and manipulation of objects and their properties.

Uploaded by

Candy Man
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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An entity that has state and behavior is known as an object e.g.

, chair, bike,
marker, pen, table, car, etc. It can be physical or logical (tangible and
intangible). The example of an intangible object is the banking system.

•State: represents the data (value) of an object.


•Behavior: represents the behavior (functionality) of an object such as
deposit, withdraw, etc.
•Identity: An object identity is typically implemented via a unique ID. The
value of the ID is not visible to the external user. However, it is used
internally by the JVM to identify each object uniquely.
An object is an instance of a class. A class is a template or blueprint
from which objects are created. So, an object is the instance(result) of a
class.

Object Definitions:
•An object is a real-world entity.
•An object is a runtime entity.
•The object is an entity which has state and behavior.
•The object is an instance of a class.
What is a class in Java
A class is a group of objects which have common properties. It is a
template or blueprint from which objects are created. It is a logical entity. It
can't be physical.

A class in Java can contain:

•Fields
•Methods
•Constructors
•Blocks
•Nested class and interface
Syntax to declare a class:

class <class_name>{
field;
method;
}

Instance variable in Java

A variable which is created inside the class but outside the method is
known as an instance variable. Instance variable doesn't get memory at
compile time. It gets memory at runtime when an object or instance is
created. That is why it is known as an instance variable.
Method in Java
In Java, a method is like a function which is used to expose the

behavior of an object.

Advantage of Method

• Code Reusability

• Code Optimization

new keyword in Java

The new keyword is used to allocate memory at


runtime. All objects get memory in Heap memory area.
Object and Class Example: main within the class

//Java Program to illustrate how to define a class and fields


//Defining a Student class.
class Student{
//defining fields
int id;//field or data member or instance variable
String name;
//creating main method inside the Student class
public static void main(String args[]){
//Creating an object or instance
Student s1=new Student();//creating an object of Student
//Printing values of the object
System.out.println(s1.id);//accessing member through reference variable
System.out.println(s1.name);
}
}
Object and Class Example: main outside the class

class Student{
int id;
String name;
}
//Creating another class TestStudent1 which contains the main
method
class TestStudent1{
public static void main(String args[]){
Student s1=new Student();
System.out.println(s1.id);
System.out.println(s1.name);
}
}
3 Ways to initialize object

There are 3 ways to initialize object in

Java.

1.By reference variable

2.By method

3.By constructor
1) Object and Class Example: Initialization through reference

class Student{
int id;
String name;
}
class TestStudent2{
public static void main(String args[]){
Student s1=new Student();
s1.id=101;
s1.name="Sonoo";
System.out.println(s1.id+" "+s1.name);//printing members with a white
space
}
}

We can also create multiple objects and store information in it through reference
variable.
2) Object and Class Example: Initialization through method

class Student{
int rollno;
String name;
void insertRecord(int r, String n){
rollno=r;
name=n;
}
void displayInformation(){System.out.println(rollno+" "+name);}
}
class TestStudent4{
public static void main(String args[]){
Student s1=new Student();
Student s2=new Student();
s1.insertRecord(111,"Karan");
s2.insertRecord(222,"Aryan");
s1.displayInformation();
s2.displayInformation();
}
}
class Employee{
int id;
String name;
float salary;
void insert(int i, String n, float s) {
id=i;
name=n;
salary=s;
}
void display(){System.out.println(id+" "+name+" "+salary);}
}
public class TestEmployee {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Employee e1=new Employee();
Employee e2=new Employee();
Employee e3=new Employee();
e1.insert(101,"ajeet",45000);
e2.insert(102,"irfan",25000);
e3.insert(103,"nakul",55000);
e1.display();
e2.display();
e3.display();
}
}
class Rectangle{
int length;
int width;
void insert(int l, int w){
length=l;
width=w;
}
void calculateArea(){System.out.println(length*width);}
}
class TestRectangle1{
public static void main(String args[]){
Rectangle r1=new Rectangle();
Rectangle r2=new Rectangle();
r1.insert(11,5);
r2.insert(3,15);
r1.calculateArea();
r2.calculateArea();
}
}
class Rectangle{
int length;
int width;
void insert(int l,int w){
length=l;
width=w;
}
void calculateArea(){System.out.println(length*width);}
}
class TestRectangle2{
public static void main(String args[]){
Rectangle r1=new Rectangle(),r2=new Rectangle();//creating two
objects
r1.insert(11,5);
r2.insert(3,15);
r1.calculateArea();
r2.calculateArea();
}
}
class Account{
int acc_no;
String name;
float amount;
//Method to initialize object
void insert(int a,String n,float amt){
acc_no=a;
name=n;
amount=amt;
}
//deposit method
void deposit(float amt){
amount=amount+amt;
System.out.println(amt+" deposited");
}
//withdraw method
void withdraw(float amt){
if(amount<amt){
System.out.println("Insufficient Balance");
}else{
amount=amount-amt;
System.out.println(amt+" withdrawn");
}
}
//method to check the balance of the account
void checkBalance(){System.out.println("Balance is: "+amount);}
//method to display the values of an object
void display(){System.out.println(acc_no+" "+name+" "+amount);}
}
//Creating a test class to deposit and withdraw amount
class TestAccount{
public static void main(String[] args){
Account a1=new Account();
a1.insert(832345,"Ankit",1000);
a1.display();
a1.checkBalance();
a1.deposit(40000);
a1.checkBalance();
a1.withdraw(15000);
a1.checkBalance();
}}

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