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6 Java Classes

An object in Java is an instance of a class and has state and behavior. A class is a blueprint that defines the properties and methods common to all objects of that class. An object is created by using the new keyword followed by a class name and can be initialized through reference variables, methods or constructors.

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Diwakaran M
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26 views

6 Java Classes

An object in Java is an instance of a class and has state and behavior. A class is a blueprint that defines the properties and methods common to all objects of that class. An object is created by using the new keyword followed by a class name and can be initialized through reference variables, methods or constructors.

Uploaded by

Diwakaran M
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Java classes/objects

Java objects
Java objects
An object has three characteristics:
•State: represents the data (value) of
an object.
•Behavior: represents the behavior
(functionality) of an object such as
deposit, withdraw, etc.
•Identity: An object identity is typically
implemented via a unique ID. The
value of the ID is not visible to the
external user. However, it is used
internally by the JVM to identify each
object uniquely.
Java objects
• Java is an object-oriented programming language.

• Everything in Java is associated with classes and objects.

• An object is any entity that has a state and behavior.

• For example: in real life, a car is an object.

• The car has attributes, such as weight and color, and methods, such as drive and
brake.

• The object is an instance of a class.


Java Class

A class is a group of objects which have


common properties. It is a template or
blueprint from which objects are created.
It is a logical entity. It can't be physical.
A class in Java can contain:
•Fields
•Methods
•Constructors
•Blocks
•Nested class and interface
Java Class
• A class is a blueprint for the object.

• Before we create an object, we first need to define the class.

• We can think of the class as a sketch (prototype) of a house.

• It contains all the details about the floors, doors, windows, etc.

• Based on these descriptions we build the house.

• House is the object.


Java Class Syntax
class ClassName

// fields

// methods

• fields are used to store data

• methods are used to perform some operations


A class in Java can contain:

• Fields

• Methods

• Constructors

• Blocks

• Nested class and interface


• For bicycle object, we can create the class as:

class Bicycle {

// state or field
int gear = 5;

// behavior or method
public void braking() {
System.out.println("Working of Braking");
}
}
Java Objects
• An object is called an instance of a class.

• For example, suppose Bicycle is a class then MountainBicycle, SportsBicycle,


TouringBicycle, etc can be considered as objects of the class.
Creating an Object in Java
• Java Object Syntax: className variable_name = new className();

// for Bicycle class

• Bicycle sportsBicycle = new Bicycle();

• Bicycle touringBicycle = new Bicycle();


• className is the name of class that can be anything like: Bicycle that we declared
in the above example.

• variable_name is name of reference variable that is used to hold the reference of


created object.

• The new is a keyword which is used to allocate memory for the object.
Example: Creating a Class and its object
public class Student{

String name;
int rollno;
int age;

void info(){
System.out.println("Name: "+name);
System.out.println("Roll Number: "+rollno);
System.out.println("Age: "+age);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student student = new Student();

// Accessing and property value


student.name = "Ramesh";
student.rollno = 253;
student.age = 25;

// Calling method
student.info();

} }
Output:
Name: Ramesh

Roll Number: 253

Age: 25
3 ways to initialize object
There are 3 ways to initialize object in Java.

• By reference variable

• By method

• By constructor
1) Object and Class Example: Initialization through reference

• Initializing an object means storing data into the object.


Example
class Student{
int id;
String name;
}
class TestStudent2{
public static void main(String args[]){
Student s1=new Student();
s1.id=101;
s1.name="Sonoo";
System.out.println(s1.id+" "+s1.name);
} }
We can also create multiple objects and store information in it through reference
variable.
class Student{
int id;
String name;
}
class TestStudent3{
public static void main(String args[]){
//Creating objects
Student s1=new Student();
Student s2=new Student();
//Initializing objects
s1.id=101;
s1.name="Sonoo";
s2.id=102;
s2.name="Amit";
System.out.println(s1.id+" "+s1.name);
System.out.println(s2.id+" "+s2.name);
}
}
2) Object and Class Example: Initialization through method

• In this example, we are creating the two objects of Student class and initializing
the value to these objects by invoking the insertRecord method.

• Here, we are displaying the state (data) of the objects by invoking the
displayInformation() method.
class Student{
int rollno;
String name;
void insertRecord(int r, String n){
rollno=r;
name=n;
}
void displayInformation(){System.out.println(rollno+" "+name);}
}
class TestStudent4{
public static void main(String args[]){
Student s1=new Student();
Student s2=new Student();
s1.insertRecord(111,"Karan");
s2.insertRecord(222,"Aryan");
s1.displayInformation();
s2.displayInformation();
}
}
• Object gets the memory in heap memory area.
• The reference variable refers to the object allocated in the heap memory area.
• Here, s1 and s2 both are reference variables that refer to the objects allocated in memory.
3) Object and Class Example: Initialization through a constructor

• We will learn about constructors in Java later.


What are the different ways to create an object in Java?

There are many ways to create


an object in java. They are:

• By new keyword

• By newInstance() method

• By clone() method

• By deserialization

• By factory method etc.

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