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Notes reflection (part-2) - continued

This document discusses the mirror formula and sign conventions for reflection by spherical mirrors, outlining the definitions of object distance, image distance, and focal length. It presents the mirror formula as 1/u + 1/v = 1/f and explains magnification as the ratio of image size to object size. Additionally, it notes the significance of the sign of magnification in determining whether an image is real or virtual.

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2 views

Notes reflection (part-2) - continued

This document discusses the mirror formula and sign conventions for reflection by spherical mirrors, outlining the definitions of object distance, image distance, and focal length. It presents the mirror formula as 1/u + 1/v = 1/f and explains magnification as the ratio of image size to object size. Additionally, it notes the significance of the sign of magnification in determining whether an image is real or virtual.

Uploaded by

514083
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER-10

LIGHT-REFLECTION

PART – 2 (Continued)

MIRROR FORMULA
 SIGN CONVENTION:
 Sign convention for reflection by Spherical Mirrors: A set of sign convention called
the New Cartesian Sign Convention.

1) In this convention, the pole (P) of the mirror is taken as the origin.

2) The principal axis of the mirror is taken as the x-axis (X’X) of the coordinate system.

 THE CONVENTIONS ARE AS FOLLOWS:


1) The object is always placed to the left of the mirror. This implies that the light from the
object falls on the mirror from the left-hand side.

2) All distances parallel to the principal axis are measured from the pole of the mirror.

3) All the distances measured to the right of the origin (along +x-axis) are taken as positive
while those measured to the left of the origin (along –x-axis) are taken as negative.

4) Distances measured perpendicular to and above the principal axis (along +y-axis) are
taken as positive.

5) Distances measured perpendicular to and below the principal axis (along –y-axis) are
taken as negative.

 DIAGRAMMATIC REPRESENTATION
 TERMS RELATED TO MIRROR FORMULA
 Terms related to the mirror formula:

1) Object distance: The distance of the position of an object on the principal axis from the
pole of a spherical mirror is known as object distance. It is denoted by ‘u’.

2) Image distance: The distance of the position of the image of an object on the principal
axis from the pole of a spherical mirror is known as object distance. It is denoted by ‘v’.

 MIRROR FORMULA
 DEFINITION: The relation between u, v and focal length (f) of a spherical mirror is
known as mirror formula.

 FORMULA: 1/u + 1/v = 1/f

where, u = object distance

v = image distance

f = focal length

 MAGNIFICATION
 SIGNIFICANCE: Magnification produced by a spherical mirror gives the relative extent
to which the image of an object is magnified with respect to the object size.

 LINEAR MAGNIFICATION: Linear magnification produced by a mirror is defined as


the ratio of the size (or height) of the image to the size (or height) of the object.

 It is denoted by ‘m’.

 FORMULA OF MAGNIFICATION
 If h’= size (or height) of the image produced by the mirror.

h= size (or height) of the object.

Then, linear magnification, m = Height of the image (h’) ---(1)

Height of the object (h)

Also, Magnification (m) = h’ / h = -v / u -----------(2)

where, u = object position

v = image position
(NOTE):

1) A negative sign in the value of the magnification indicates that the image is real.

2) A positive sign in the value of the magnification indicates that the image is virtual.

NUMERICALS

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