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Data Analysis notes

Data analysis involves inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data to derive insights and support decision-making. Key steps include defining objectives, collecting and cleaning data, exploring and transforming data, applying various analysis techniques, and reporting findings. Common tools used in data analysis include Excel, Python, R, and visualization software like Tableau and Power BI.

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3 views

Data Analysis notes

Data analysis involves inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data to derive insights and support decision-making. Key steps include defining objectives, collecting and cleaning data, exploring and transforming data, applying various analysis techniques, and reporting findings. Common tools used in data analysis include Excel, Python, R, and visualization software like Tableau and Power BI.

Uploaded by

meeshaa974
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here are some concise and practical notes on Data Analysis, great for quick
reference or studying:

📊 Data Analysis Notes


1. What is Data Analysis?

The process of inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data to discover useful
information, draw conclusions, and support decision-making.

2. Types of Data

 Quantitative Data: Numerical (e.g., sales, age, height)


 Qualitative Data: Descriptive (e.g., color, category, opinion)

3. Steps in Data Analysis

1. Define Objectives

 What question are you trying to answer?


 What decisions will the data support?

2. Data Collection

 Surveys, databases, APIs, sensors, etc.

3. Data Cleaning

 Handle missing values


 Remove duplicates
 Fix data types (e.g., dates, integers)
 Standardize formatting

4. Data Exploration (EDA)

 Summary statistics (mean, median, mode)


 Visualizations (histograms, scatter plots, box plots)
 Identify trends, patterns, outliers

5. Data Transformation

 Normalization or scaling
 Encoding categorical variables
 Feature engineering

6. Analysis Techniques

 Descriptive Analysis: What happened? (averages, totals)


 Diagnostic Analysis: Why did it happen? (correlations, patterns)
 Predictive Analysis: What will happen? (regression, ML models)
 Prescriptive Analysis: What should be done? (optimization, simulation)

7. Visualization

 Use charts to make insights clear:


o Bar chart, pie chart, line graph, heatmap
 Tools: Excel, Tableau, Power BI, Python (Matplotlib, Seaborn), R

8. Interpretation

 Turn results into insights


 Align insights with business goals

9. Reporting

 Create summaries, dashboards, or reports


 Communicate findings clearly to stakeholders

4. Common Tools & Languages

 Excel / Google Sheets


 Python (pandas, numpy, matplotlib, seaborn)
 R
 SQL
 Power BI / Tableau
 Google Data Studio

5. Key Statistical Terms

 Mean: Average
 Median: Middle value
 Mode: Most frequent value
 Standard Deviation: Spread of data
 Correlation: Relationship between two variables
6. Best Practices

 Always understand the context of the data


 Visualize before analyzing deeply
 Document every step for reproducibility
 Validate results with stakeholders

Would you like this turned into a downloadable or printable study sheet? Or want me to add
examples or formulas?

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