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Week6-Matplotlib

The document provides an overview of Matplotlib, a Python library for creating visualizations, including installation instructions and basic plotting functions such as line plots, scatter plots, and bar charts. It also covers customization options, advanced techniques like subplots and 3D plotting, and includes case studies for practical applications like sales data visualization and stock market trends. The content is structured to facilitate learning in a lab setting led by Dr. Natasha Nigar.

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huzaifaazeem48
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2 views

Week6-Matplotlib

The document provides an overview of Matplotlib, a Python library for creating visualizations, including installation instructions and basic plotting functions such as line plots, scatter plots, and bar charts. It also covers customization options, advanced techniques like subplots and 3D plotting, and includes case studies for practical applications like sales data visualization and stock market trends. The content is structured to facilitate learning in a lab setting led by Dr. Natasha Nigar.

Uploaded by

huzaifaazeem48
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Programming for AI (Lab) -Week 6

Instructor: Dr. Natasha Nigar


Topic: Matplotlib

1. Introduction to Matplotlib
Matplotlib is a powerful Python library for creating static, animated, and interactive
visualizations. It is widely used in data analysis, machine learning, and scientific research.

Key Features:
 Simple syntax similar to MATLAB

 Customizable plots

 Support for multiple backends

 Integration with NumPy and Pandas

2. Installation and Setup


To install Matplotlib, use the following command:

pip install matplotlib

To import the library:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

3. Basic Plotting Functions

3.1 Line Plot


x = np.linspace(0, 10, 100)

y = np.sin(x)

plt.plot(x, y, label='Sine Wave')

plt.xlabel('X Axis')

plt.ylabel('Y Axis')

plt.title('Line Plot Example')


plt.legend()

plt.show()

3.2 Scatter Plot


x = np.random.rand(50)

y = np.random.rand(50)

plt.scatter(x, y, color='r', marker='o')

plt.xlabel('X')

plt.ylabel('Y')

plt.title('Scatter Plot')

plt.show()

3.3 Bar Chart


categories = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D']

values = [3, 7, 1, 8]

plt.bar(categories, values, color='blue')

plt.title('Bar Chart')

plt.show()

4. Customization and Styling


Changing Line Styles and Colors

plt.plot(x, y, linestyle='--', color='red', linewidth=2)

plt.show()

Adding Grid and Annotations

plt.plot(x, y)

plt.grid(True)

plt.annotate('Peak', xy=(np.pi/2, 1), xytext=(2, 0.8), arrowprops=dict(facecolor='black'))

plt.show()

5. Advanced Plotting Techniques


Subplots
fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 2)

axs[0, 0].plot(x, y)

axs[0, 1].scatter(x, y)

axs[1, 0].bar(categories, values)

axs[1, 1].hist(np.random.randn(100), bins=10)

plt.show()

Heatmaps

import seaborn as sns

data = np.random.rand(10, 10)

sns.heatmap(data, cmap='coolwarm')

plt.show()

6. Working with Multiple Plots


plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))

plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)

plt.plot(x, y, 'g')

plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)

plt.scatter(x, y, color='b')

plt.show()

7. 3D Plotting with Matplotlib


from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D

fig = plt.figure()

ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

x = np.linspace(-5, 5, 100)

y = np.linspace(-5, 5, 100)

X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)

Z = np.sin(np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2))
ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, cmap='viridis')

plt.show()

8. Case Studies

Case Study 1: Sales Data Visualization


Problem: Analyzing monthly sales performance.

months = ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May']

sales = [300, 450, 150, 400, 550]

plt.plot(months, sales, marker='o', linestyle='-', color='blue')

plt.title('Monthly Sales')

plt.xlabel('Month')

plt.ylabel('Sales ($)')

plt.show()

Case Study 2: Weather Data Analysis


Problem: Visualizing temperature variations.

days = np.arange(1, 31)

temps = np.random.normal(25, 5, 30)

plt.plot(days, temps, marker='s', linestyle='-', color='red')

plt.fill_between(days, temps - 2, temps + 2, alpha=0.2)

plt.title('Temperature Variation')

plt.xlabel('Days')

plt.ylabel('Temperature (°C)')

plt.show()

Case Study 3: Stock Market Trends


Problem: Comparing stock price trends.

days = np.arange(1, 31)

stock1 = np.cumsum(np.random.randn(30)) + 100

stock2 = np.cumsum(np.random.randn(30)) + 120


plt.plot(days, stock1, label='Stock A', color='green')

plt.plot(days, stock2, label='Stock B', color='blue')

plt.legend()

plt.title('Stock Market Trends')

plt.xlabel('Days')

plt.ylabel('Stock Price ($)')

plt.show()

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