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Lecture 2 ( Computer Applications)

A computer is a programmable electronic device that processes data and produces output through various applications, integrating hardware and software components. It plays a crucial role in numerous fields including business, banking, education, healthcare, and government, enhancing productivity and facilitating communication. The computer's evolution began with Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine, and its fundamental components include the processor, memory, motherboard, storage, input, and output devices.

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2 views

Lecture 2 ( Computer Applications)

A computer is a programmable electronic device that processes data and produces output through various applications, integrating hardware and software components. It plays a crucial role in numerous fields including business, banking, education, healthcare, and government, enhancing productivity and facilitating communication. The computer's evolution began with Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine, and its fundamental components include the processor, memory, motherboard, storage, input, and output devices.

Uploaded by

chaitanyashinde172
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Computer?

A computer is a programmable electronic device that accepts raw data as input and
processes it with a set of instructions (a program) to produce the result as output. It
renders output just after performing mathematical and logical operations and can
save the output for future use. It can process numerical as well as non-numerical
calculations. The term "computer" is derived from the Latin word "computare"
which means to calculate.

A computer is designed to execute applications and provides a variety of solutions


through integrated hardware and software components. It works with the help of
programs and represents the decimal numbers through a string of binary digits. It
also has a memory that stores the data, programs, and result of processing. The
components of a computer such as machinery that includes wires, transistors,
circuits, hard disk are called hardware. Whereas, the programs and data are called
software.

It is believed that the Analytical Engine was the first computer which was invented
by Charles Babbage in 1837. It used punch cards as read-only memory. Charles
Babbage is also known as the father of the computer.

The basic parts without which a computer cannot work are as follows:

o Processor: It executes instructions from software and hardware.


o Memory: It is the primary memory for data transfer between the CPU
and storage.
o Motherboard: It is the part that connects all other parts or
components of a computer.
o Storage Device: It permanently stores the data, e.g., hard drive.
o Input Device: It allows you to communicate with the computer or to
input data, e.g., a keyboard.
o Output Device: It enables you to see the output, e.g., monitor.
Benefits of Using a Computer:
o Increases your productivity: A computer increases your productivity. For example, after
having a basic understanding of a word processor, you can create, edit, store, and print
the documents easily and quickly.
o Connects to the Internet: It connects you to the internet that allows you to send emails,
browse content, gain information, use social media platforms, and more. By connecting
to the internet, you can also connect to your long-distance friends and family members.
o Storage: A computer allows you to store a large amount of information, e.g., you can
store your projects, ebooks, documents, movies, pictures, songs, and more.
o Organized Data and Information: It not only allows you to store data but also enables
you to organize your data. For example, you can create different folders to store different
data and information and thus can search for information easily and quickly.
o Improves your abilities: It helps write good English if you are not good at spelling and
grammar. Similarly, if you are not good at math, and don't have a great memory, you can
use a computer to perform calculations and store the results.
o Assist the physically challenged: It can be used to help the physically challenged, e.g.,
Stephen Hawking, who was not able to speak used computer to speak. It also can be
used to help blind people by installing special software to read what is on the screen.
o Keeps you entertained: You can use the computer to listen to songs, watch movies,
play games and more.

The computer has become a part of our life. There are plenty of things that we do in a
day are dependent on a computer. Some of the common examples are as follows:

1. ATM: While withdrawing cash from an ATM, you are using a computer that enables the
ATM to take instructions and dispense cash accordingly.
2. Digital currency: A computer keeps a record of your transactions and balance in your
account and the money deposited in your account in a bank is stored as a digital record
or digital currency.
3. Trading: Stock markets use computers for day to day trading. There are many advanced
algorithms based on computers that handle trading without involving humans.
4. Smartphone: The smartphone that we use throughout the day for calling, texting,
browsing is itself a computer.
5. VoIP: All voice over IP communication (VoIP) is handled and done by computers.

Computer - Applications

Business

A computer has high speed of calculation, diligence, accuracy,


reliability, or versatility which has made it an integrated part in all
business organizations.

Computer is used in business organizations for −

• Payroll calculations
• Budgeting
• Sales analysis
• Financial forecasting
• Managing employee database
• Maintenance of stocks, etc.
Banking

Today, banking is almost totally dependent on computers.

Banks provide the following facilities −

• Online accounting facility, which includes checking current


balance, making deposits and overdrafts, checking interest
charges, shares, and trustee records.
• ATM machines which are completely automated are making it
even easier for customers to deal with banks.

Insurance
Insurance companies are keeping all records up-to-date with the
help of computers. Insurance companies, finance houses, and stock
broking firms are widely using computers for their concerns.

Insurance companies are maintaining a database of all clients with


information showing −

• Procedure to continue with policies


• Starting date of the policies
• Next due installment of a policy
• Maturity date
• Interests due
• Survival benefits
• Bonus

Education

The computer helps in providing a lot of facilities in the education


system.

• The computer provides a tool in the education system known


as CBE (Computer Based Education).
• CBE involves control, delivery, and evaluation of learning.
• Computer education is rapidly increasing the graph of number
of computer students.
• There are a number of methods in which educational
institutions can use a computer to educate the students.
• It is used to prepare a database about performance of a
student and analysis is carried out on this basis.
Marketing
In marketing, uses of the computer are following −

• Advertising − With computers, advertising professionals create


art and graphics, write and revise copy, and print and
disseminate ads with the goal of selling more products.
• Home Shopping − Home shopping has been made possible
through the use of computerized catalogues that provide
access to product information and permit direct entry of orders
to be filled by the customers.

Healthcare
Computers have become an important part in hospitals, labs, and
dispensaries. They are being used in hospitals to keep the record of
patients and medicines. It is also used in scanning and diagnosing
different diseases. ECG, EEG, ultrasounds and CT scans, etc. are
also done by computerized machines.

Following are some major fields of health care in which computers


are used.
• Diagnostic System − Computers are used to collect data and
identify the cause of illness.
• Lab-diagnostic System − All tests can be done and the reports are
prepared by computer.
• Patient Monitoring System − These are used to check the patient's
signs for abnormality such as in Cardiac Arrest, ECG, etc.
• Pharma Information System − Computer is used to check drug
labels, expiry dates, harmful side effects, etc.
• Surgery − Nowadays, computers are also used in performing
surgery.

Engineering Design
Computers are widely used for Engineering purpose.

One of the major areas is CAD (Computer Aided Design) that


provides creation and modification of images. Some of the fields are
−

• Structural Engineering − Requires stress and strain analysis for


design of ships, buildings, budgets, airplanes, etc.
• Industrial Engineering − Computers deal with design,
implementation, and improvement of integrated systems of
people, materials, and equipment.
• Architectural Engineering − Computers help in planning towns,
designing buildings, determining a range of buildings on a site
using both 2D and 3D drawings.

Military

Computers are largely used in defence. Modern tanks, missiles,


weapons, etc. Military also employs computerized control systems.
Some military areas where a computer has been used are −

• Missile Control
• Military Communication
• Military Operation and Planning
• Smart Weapons

Communication
Communication is a way to convey a message, an idea, a picture, or
speech that is received and understood clearly and correctly by the
person for whom it is meant. Some main areas in this category are
−
• E-mail
• Chatting
• Usenet
• FTP
• Telnet
• Video-conferencing

Government
Computers play an important role in government services. Some
major fields in this category are −

• Budgets
• Sales tax department
• Income tax department
• Computation of male/female ratio
• Computerization of voters lists
• Computerization of PAN card
• Weather forecasting

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