ASSIGNMENT-1 1

GEOMETRY
1. In the adjacent diagram, Find ∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D + ∠E + ∠F + ∠G.

2. (CHINA/1998) In triangle ABC, A = 96°. Extend BC to an arbitrary point D. The angle bisectors of
angle ABC and ACD intersect at A1, and the angle bisectors of A1BC and A1CD intersect at A2
and so on. The angle bisectors of is A4BC and A4CD intersect at A5. Find the size of A5 in degrees.
3. Two regular octagons and one square completely cover the part of a plane around a point without any
overlapping shown in the figure. Find all the other possible combinations of three regular polygons, two
of which are congruent and one different.

4. (AHSME/1961) In ABC, AB = BC. The points P and Q are on the sides BC and AB respectively, such
that AC = AP = PQ = QB. Then the size of B (in degrees) is
Options:
5 1
(a) 25 (b) 26 (c) 30 (d) 40 (e) not determined
7 3
5. In figure, ABCD is a parallelogram and E is the mid-point of side BC. If DE and AB when produced
meet at F, prove that AF = 2AB.
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6. In a right-angled triangle, if the length of a leg is 21, and the lengths of the other two sides are also
positive integers, find the minimum value of its possible perimeter.
7. In ∆ABC, If AD, BE, CF are the medians then prove that
3
( AB + BC + CA )  AD + BE + CF  AB + BC + CA
4
8. A line l is given in a plane and two points A and B are also in the same plane. Find P on the line such
that AP + PB is minimum. Give your answer in two cases separately A, B on same side of the line or on
opposite side of the line.
9. In the figure, AD and BE are medians and BE || DF. Which of the following is correct?

Options:
1 1 1 1
(a) CF = AC (b) CF = AC (c) CF = AC (d) CF = AC
2 8 4 6
10. Let A, B, C be an acute angled triangle in which, D, E, F are points on BC, CA, AB
respectively, such that AD ⊥ BC, AE = EC, CF bisects ∠C internally. Suppose CF meets AD and DE in
M and N respectively. If FM = 2, MN = 1, NC = 3, show that the perimeter and area of this triangle are
equal numerically.

11. In  ABC, D is the midpoint of BC, E is on AC such that AC = 3EC. BE and AD intersect at G. Find
AG:GD.
12. (CHINA/1990) In the isosceles right triangles ABC, B = 90°, AD is the median on BC. Write AB =
BC = a. If BE ^ AD, intersecting AC at E, and EF ^ BC at F then EF is
Options
1 1 2 2
(a) a (b) a (c) a (d) a
3 2 3 5
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13. Given that three congruent squares ABEG; GEFH; HFCD are of side a. Prove that AFE + ACE =
45°
14. ABC is a triangle and DAE is a straight line parallel to BC such that DA = AE. If CD meets AB at X
and BE meets AC at Y, prove that XY ||BC
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Answers Key
(2) 3 (4) (a) (9) (c) (11) (4) (12) (a)

Solutions
1. In the adjacent diagram, Find ∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D + ∠E + ∠F + ∠G.

Solution:

A + G + B + P + Q = 540
A + G + B + C + D + E + F = 540 (as P = C + E and Q = D + F
2. (CHINA/1998) In triangle ABC, A = 96°. Extend BC to an arbitrary point D. The angle bisectors of
angle ABC and ACD intersect at A1, and the angle bisectors of A1BC and A1CD intersect at A2
and so on. The angle bisectors of is A4BC and A4CD intersect at A5. Find the size of A5 in degrees.
Solution:
 5

Since A1B and A1C bisect ABC and ACD respectively A = ACD - ABC = 2 ( A1CD -
1
A1BC) = 2A1, therefore A1 = A
2
Similarly we have Ak+1 = 1/2 Ak for k = 1,2,3,4 Hence
1 1 1 1 1 96
A5 = A 4 = A 3 = A 2 = 4 A1 = 5 A = = 3
2 4 23 2 2 32

3. Two regular octagons and one square completely cover the part of a plane around a point without any
overlapping shown in the figure. Find all the other possible combinations of three regular polygons, two
of which are congruent and one different.

Solution:

A.T.Q 2 
( n1 − 2 )180 + ( n 2 − 2 )180 = 360
n1 n2

 2  2
2 1 −  + 1 −  = 2
 n1   n 2 
4 2
l= +
n1 n 2

4n 2 + 2n1 = n1n 2

n 2  4 − n1  + 2n1 − 8 = −8

( n 2 − 2)( 4 − n1 ) = −8
( n1 − 4)( n 2 − 2) = 8 = 8 1, 4  2, 2  4,1 8
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n1 = 12, n 2 = 3; n1 = 8, n 2 = 4; n1 = 6, n 2 = 6; n1 = 5, n 2 = 10

(12,12,3) ; (8,8, 4 ) ; (5,5,10 ) But ( 6,6,6) is rejected.

4. (AHSME/1961) In ABC, AB = BC. The points P and Q are on the sides BC and AB respectively, such
that AC = AP = PQ = QB. Then the size of B (in degrees) is
Options:
5 1
(a) 25 (b) 26 (c) 30 (d) 40 (e) not determined
7 3
Ans: (a)
Solution:

Let B = x, then AQP = 2x = QAP, so QPA = 180 – 4x

Further,
APC = ACP = 3x
 2 x 3x + x = 180°
180 5
x = = 25
7 7
Thus, the answer is (A)
5. In figure, ABCD is a parallelogram and E is the mid-point of side BC. If DE and AB when produced
meet at F, prove that AF = 2AB.

Solution:
 7

In ΔBEF and ΔCED

∠BEF = ∠CED [V.O]

BE = CE [E is the mid-point]

∠EBF = ∠ECD [Alternate interior angles]

∴ ΔBEF ≅ ΔCED [ASA congruence]

∴ BF = CD [CPCT]

AF = AB + AF

AF = AB + AB

AF = 2AB.

Hence proved.

6. In a right-angled triangle, if the length of a leg is 21, and the lengths of the other two sides are also
positive integers, find the minimum value of its possible perimeter.
Solution:
Let the lengths of two legs of the right angle be a and b where a = 21, and let c be the length of the
hypotenuse.
Then c2 – b2 = 212, i.e. (c–b) (c + b) = 32.72.
To let the sum 21 + b + c be minimum b + c should minimum, therefore c – b should be maximum.
Thus c–b = 9, c + b = 49 i.e. the perimeter is 21 + 49 = 70
7. In ∆ABC, If AD, BE, CF are the medians then prove that
3
( AB + BC + CA )  AD + BE + CF  AB + BC + CA
4
Solution:

AB + AC > 2AD (proved in class eg.)….(1)

Simiarly, AB + BC > 2BE …..(2)
& AC + BC > 2CF……..(3)
Adding Eqs. (1), (2) and (3),
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we get 2(AB + BC + CA) > 2(AD + BE + CF)

 AB + BC + CA > AD + BE + CF
Or AD + BE + CF < AB + BC + CA
Also in DGBC
GB + GC > BC……(4)
Similarly GC + GA > AC …..(5)
& GA + GB > AB……(6)
Adding equation (4), (5) and (6) we get 2(GA + GB + GC) > AB + BC + CA
2 2 2 
 2  AD + BE + CF   AB + BC + CA
3 3 3 
(As G being centroid of the triangle divides median in 2 : 1 ratio)
3
 AD + BE + CF > (AB + BC + CA)
4
3
Thus ( a + b + c )  ma + m b + mc  a + b + c
4
8. A line l is given in a plane and two points A and B are also in the same plane. Find P on the line such
that AP + PB is minimum. Give your answer in two cases separately A, B on same side of the line or on
opposite side of the line.
Solution:
Case : I
If A & B on opposite side

PA + PB > AB
PA + PB =AB When P is at the point where AB segment intersect line l.
Case : (ii)
When A & B same side plot’A’ mirror image of A about the line
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PA + PB = PA’ + PB > A’B

PA’ + PB = A’B when
P is the point of intersection of A’B & line l.
9. In the figure, AD and BE are medians and BE || DF. Which of the following is correct?

Options:
1 1 1 1
(a) CF = AC (b) CF = AC (c) CF = AC (d) CF = AC
2 8 4 6
Ans: (c)
Sol:

In BEC , BE || DF and D is the mid-point of BC.

SO F is the mid-point of CE. Hence
1
CF = CE
2
As, BE is the median, E is the mid-point of AC.
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11  1
CE =  AC  = AC
22  4
10. Let A, B, C be an acute angled triangle in which, D, E, F are points on BC, CA, AB
respectively, such that AD ⊥ BC, AE = EC, CF bisects ∠C internally. Suppose CF meets AD and DE
in M and N respectively. If FM = 2, MN = 1, NC = 3, show that the perimeter and area of this triangle
are equal numerically.

Solution:
FN = FM + MN = 2 + 1 = 3 and NC = 3
\ FN = NC ⇒ N is the mid-point of CF.
Also E is the mid-point of AC
⇒ NE || AF (By mid-point theorem)
\ DE || AB and DE = ½ AB
\ BD = DC (by converse of mid-point theorem)
Thus, AD is both altitude and median to BC
\ ∆ABC is isosceles ⇒ AB = AC (1)
AFM  DNM
AM:MD = FM:MN = 2:1
 M is the centroid of ABC.
 CF is median as well as angle bisector of ABC
 ABC is equilateral triangle.
Let the side of the equilateral triangle be ‘a’.
CF, being the altitude,

3
CF 6 a 6 a 4 3
2

Perimeter 3 4 3 12 3
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Thus area and perimeter are equal numerically.

11. In  ABC, D is the midpoint of BC, E is on AC such that AC = 3EC. BE and AD intersect at G. Find
AG:GD.
Solution:
Though D introduce DF || BE. Intersecting AC at F
By the midpoint theorem,
EF = FC.
AC = 3EC  AE = 2EC
 AE = 4EF
ADF ~ AGE
AG AE
 = =4
GD EF
12. (CHINA/1990) In the isosceles right triangles ABC, B = 90°, AD is the median on BC. Write AB =
BC = a. If BE ^ AD, intersecting AC at E, and EF ^ BC at F then EF is
Options:
1 1 2 2
(a) a (b) a (c) a (d) a
3 2 3 5
Ans: (a)
Solution:
From BAD = EBF we have Rt DABD ~ RtDEBF. Then
AB BF
2= =
BD EF
EFC ~ ABC,
 EF = FC,

BF
 =2
FC
EF FC 1
 = =
AB BC 3
1 1
 EF = AB = a.
3 3
13. Given that three congruent squares ABEG; GEFH; HFCD are of side a. Prove that AFE + ACE =
45°
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Solution:

AD || BC  AFE = HAF, it suffices to show ACE = FAE, and for this we show that
ACE ~ FAE below.
AE = 2a = 2.EF and

CE = 2a = 2 EA,
Besides AEC = FEA
 ACE ~ FAE. (S.A.S)

14. ABC is a triangle and DAE is a straight line parallel to BC such that DA = AE. If CD meets AB at X
and BE meets AC at Y, prove that XY ||BC
Solution:

BC || DE & AD = AE
BXC  AXD & BYC  EYA

BX BC XC BY YC BC
= = & = =
AX AD XD EY YA EA
BC BC
= ( AD = AE)
AD AE
BX YC
 =  XY || BC
AX YA