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Git Command Reference

This document provides a comprehensive reference for essential Git commands, including cloning a repository, navigating directories, checking repository status, staging and committing changes, pushing to a remote repository, and viewing commit history. It explains the purpose of each command, provides examples, and outlines important concepts such as branches, the working directory, and the staging area. A workflow summary is also included to guide users through the typical Git process.

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4 views

Git Command Reference

This document provides a comprehensive reference for essential Git commands, including cloning a repository, navigating directories, checking repository status, staging and committing changes, pushing to a remote repository, and viewing commit history. It explains the purpose of each command, provides examples, and outlines important concepts such as branches, the working directory, and the staging area. A workflow summary is also included to guide users through the typical Git process.

Uploaded by

דור בן לביא
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Git Command Reference:

1. Cloning a Repository
●​ Purpose: To create a local copy of a remote repository (e.g., from GitHub).
●​ Command:​
git clone <repository_url>​

●​ Example:​
git clone https://github.com/yourusername/your-repo.git​

2. Navigating to Your Repository


●​ Purpose: To change the current directory in your terminal to your Git repository's
folder.
●​ Command:​
cd <directory_path>​

●​ Example:​
cd Desktop/my-project​

3. Checking the Repository Status


●​ Purpose: To display the state of your working directory and staging area. It shows
modified files, staged files, and untracked files.
●​ Command:​
git status​

●​ Example Output:​
On branch main​
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/main'.​
Changes not staged for commit:​
(use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)​
(use "git restore <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)​
modified: TimurDesign/agent.sv​
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")​
4. Staging Changes
●​ Purpose: To add changes to the staging area (index), preparing them for the next
commit.
●​ Command:
○​ Stage a specific file:​
git add <filename>​

○​ Stage all changed files:​


git add .​

●​ Examples:​
git add TimurDesign/agent.sv​
git add README.md​
git add .​

5. Committing Changes
●​ Purpose: To create a snapshot of the staged changes in the local repository's
history.
●​ Command:​
git commit -m "Commit message describing the changes"​

●​ Example:​
git commit -m "Added new feature to agent.sv"​
git commit -m "Fixed bug in user authentication"​

6. Pushing Changes
●​ Purpose: To upload local commits to the remote repository (e.g., GitHub).
●​ Command:​
git push <remote_name> <branch_name>​

●​ Example:​
git push origin main​

7. Viewing Commit History


●​ Purpose: To display the history of commits in the repository.
●​ Command:​
git log​

●​ Examples:
○​ Basic log:​
git log​

○​ One-line log with graph and decorations:​


git log --oneline --graph --decorate​

○​ Show patch for each commit​


git log -p​

8. Understanding Branches
●​ Purpose: To create parallel versions of your project for feature development, bug
fixes, and experimentation.
●​ Analogy: Think of branches as separate timelines or "universes" of your project.
●​ Main Branch: The primary branch (usually main), representing the stable version
of your code.
●​ Feature Branch: A branch created to develop a specific feature.
●​ Bug Fix Branch: A branch created to fix a bug.
●​ Command to create a branch:​
git branch <new_branch_name>​

●​ Command to switch to a branch:​


bash git checkout <branch_name>
●​ Example:​
git branch feature-x​
git checkout feature-x​

9. Viewing Staging Area


●​ Command:​
bash git status
●​ The "Changes to be committed:" section of the output shows you the files that
are currently in the staging area.
Important Concepts
●​ Working Directory: The directory on your computer where your project files are
located.
●​ Staging Area (Index): A temporary area where you prepare changes for a
commit.
●​ Local Repository: The Git repository on your computer.
●​ Remote Repository: The Git repository hosted on a server (e.g., GitHub).
●​ Commit: A snapshot of your changes at a specific point in time.
●​ Branch: A separate line of development. The main branch is typically called main.
Workflow Summary
1.​ Clone: git clone (if starting with an existing repository)
2.​ Navigate: cd (to your repository)
3.​ Make Changes: Edit files in your working directory.
4.​ Check Status: git status (to see changes)
5.​ Stage Changes: git add (to prepare changes)
6.​ Commit Changes: git commit (to save a snapshot)
7.​ Push Changes: git push (to share with remote)
8.​ Check History: git log (to see commit history)

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