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Making Web Requests in Python

This document provides a guide on making web requests in Python using the requests library. It covers prerequisites, installation, how to send GET requests, access response data, and advanced usage such as adding headers and handling exceptions. Key best practices include setting timeouts, validating inputs, and respecting API rate limits.

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3 views

Making Web Requests in Python

This document provides a guide on making web requests in Python using the requests library. It covers prerequisites, installation, how to send GET requests, access response data, and advanced usage such as adding headers and handling exceptions. Key best practices include setting timeouts, validating inputs, and respecting API rate limits.

Uploaded by

Karl's
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Making Web Requests in Python

Prerequisites:
with web requests in Python, we need to have the following:

1. Python Installed: Download and install Python from python.org.


2. requests Library: Install the library using the command below if it’s not already installed.

Installation
Run this command in bash terminal or command prompt:

Code : pip install requests

How to Make Web Requests


1. Import the requests Library
Start by importing the library into your script:
code :import requests

2. Sending a GET Request


GET requests are used to fetch data from a server.

Example:
code : response = requests.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1')

Key Points:
- requests.get(url) sends a GET request to the specified URL.
- The response object holds the server’s response to the request.

Accessing Response Data:


code :
print(response.status_code) # Displays HTTP status code (e.g., 200 for success)
print(response.text) # Raw text response from the server
print(response.json( )) # Converts JSON data into a Python dictionary

Advanced Usage
1. Adding Headers

Headers are often required for authentication or providing additional information to the server.

Code : headers = {'Authorization': 'Bearer YOUR_TOKEN'}


response = requests.get('https://api.example.com/data', headers=headers)
Point to be noted while web requesting are:
1. Set Timeouts: Always set a timeout to avoid indefinitely hanging requests.
2. Validate Inputs: Ensure the URL and payload data are validated.
3. Handle Exceptions: Anticipate and handle network issues, timeouts, and server errors.
4. Respect Rate Limits: Be mindful of API rate limits specified in the documentation.
5. Secure API Keys: Avoid hardcoding sensitive credentials in your scripts.
6. Read API Documentation: Familiarize yourself with the API’s capabilities and limitations.

Example: Combining Everything


Here’s an example that combines headers, query parameters, and error handling:
code:

import requests

url = 'https://api.example.com/data'
params = {'key': 'value'}
headers = {'Authorization': 'Bearer YOUR_TOKEN'}

try:
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, params=params, timeout=10)
response.raise_for_status()
data = response.json()
print ('Data retrieved:', data)
except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
print(f'An error occurred: {e}')

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