1.

INTRODUCTION
The internet is growing rapidly. It has given rise to new opportunities in every field especially entertainment, business, sports or education. Although internet bring a lot of advantages to our community, but there are two sides to a coin. Internet also has its own disadvantages. One of the major disadvantages is the illegal activitiy committed on the internet, or know as Cyber Crimes. Cybercrime, refers to any crime that involves a computer and a network. The computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target. (passage pick from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_crime) Cyber crime encompasses any criminal act dealing with computers and networks (called hacking). Additionally, cyber crime also includes traditional crimes conducted through the Internet. For example; hate crimes, telemarketing and Internet fraud, identity theft, and credit card account thefts are considered to be cyber crimes when the illegal activities are committed through the use of a computer and the Internet. (passage pick from: http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/C/cyber_crime.html) Cyber crime generally means a wrongful act committed using computer as a tool or a target of the said act or both. (passage pick from: http://www.laweddie.com/wordpress/what-are-cyber-crimes/) Cyber crime are more properly restricted to describing criminal activity in which the computer or network is a necessary part of the crime, these terms are also sometimes used to include traditional crimes, such as fraud, theft, blackmail, forgery, and embezzlement, in which computers or networks are used to facilitate the illicit activity. Cyber crime can broadly be defined as criminal activity involving an information technology infrastructure, including illegal access (unauthorized access), illegal interception (by technical means of non-public transmissions of computer data to, from or within a computer system), data interference (unauthorized damaging, deletion, deterioration, alteration or suppression of computer data), systems interference (interfering with the functioning of a computer system by inputting, transmitting, damaging, deleting,

deteriorating, altering or suppressing computer data), misuse of devices, forgery (ID theft), and electronic fraud. Cyber crime is the latest and perhaps the most complicated problem in the cyber world. Cyber crime may be said to be those species, of which, genus is the conventional crime, and where either the computer is an object or subject of the conduct constituting crime. Any criminal activity that uses a computer either as an instrumentality, target or a means for perpetuating further crimes comes within the ambit of cyber crime. Since computer and network appeared, the cyber crimes starts stimulating. Various crime technics piling up one after another makes people hard to take precautions to against them. To avoid ourself to be the victim of cyber crimes, We need to have full understand to this aspect. Unlike conventional crimes such as burglary, rape or murder, cyber crimes are very skill intensive. The modern thief can steal more with a computer than with a gun. Tomorrow's terrorist may be able to do more damage with a keyboard than with a bomb. Cyber crime can broadly be defined as criminal activity involving the information technology infrastructure, including illegal access (unauthorized access), illegal interception (by technical means of non-public transmissions of computer data to, from or within a computer system), data interference (unauthorized damaging, deletion, deterioration, alteration or suppression of computer data), system interference (interfering with the functioning of a computer system by inputting, transmitting, damaging, deleting, deteriorating, altering or suppressing computer data), misuse of devices, forgery (ID theft), and electronic fraud.

2. CONTENT
2.1 Classification of cyber crimes Cyber crimes become the hot issue and the very usual social phenomena since computer and network were appeared. The most important factor in understanding the limitations of such generalisations is that malware and hack attacks can be launched from anywhere and by anybody. Likewise we have to be aware that criminals will go to great lengths to obscure their tracks.So drawing a definitive map of cyber crime is therefore far

from an exact science and assuming any one country has sole rights to any one crime would be a mistake. Cyber crime is truly a global problem. "The modern thief can steal more with a computer than with a gun. Tomorrow's terrorist may be able to do more damage with a keyboard than with a bomb". National Research Council, "Computers at Risk", 1991. Through this passage we can know that cybercrimes can bring much bad impact to individual, community or our country. Mr. Pavan Duggal, is one of the pioneers in the field of Cyberlaw and is Asia's leading authority on Cyberlaw. He is a practicing Advocate, Supreme Court of India and a Cyberlaw Consultant. He is the President & founder of Cyberlaw India . He is also the Founder President of Cyberlaw Asia, Asias pioneering organization committed to the passing of dynamic Cyberlaws in the Asian continent. Cyberlaw Asia is engaged in the process of creating greater awareness about Cyberlaws in different countries of Asia. Mr. Pavan Duggal clearly defined the various categories and types of cybercrimes in a report. Cybercrimes can be basically divided into three major categories: i. Cybercrimes against individual. ii. Cybercrimes against organization. iii. Cybercrimes against Society at large. i) Against individual Malware and malicious code Denial-of-service attack Computing virus Cyber terrorism Information warfare Cyber stalking Fraud and identity theft Phishing Virtual crime Individual property: a. Unauthorized control or access over computer system

b. Internet time thefts. c. Netrespass d. Computer vandalism e. Intellectual Property crimes f. Transmitting virus Cybercrimes against individual include various crimes like transmission of childpornography, harassment of any one with the use of a computer such as e-mail. The most important Cybercrimes today are trafficking, distribution, posting, and dissemination of obscene material including pornography and indecent exposure. The potential harm of such a crime to humanity if not controlled can hardly be amplified. This is one Cybercrime which threatens to undermine the growth of the younger generation as also leave irreparable scars and injury on the younger generation. There is an incident happen cause by the cybercrimes: A minor girl in Ahmedabad was lured to a private place through cyber-chat by a man, who, along with his friends, attempted to gang rape her. As some passersby heard her cry, she was rescued. ii) Againts organization i. Unauthorized control/access over computer system ii. Possession of unauthorized information. iii. Cyber terrorism against the government organization. iv. Distribution of pirated software etc. For an example, a Mumbai-based upstart engineering company lost a say and much money in the business when the rival company, an industry major, stole the technical database from their computers with the help of a corporate cyberspy. iii) Against Society at large i. Pornography (basically child pornography).

ii. Polluting the youth through indecent exposure. iii. Trafficking iv. Financial crimes v. Sale of illegal articles vi. Online gambling vii. Forgery In a report of expressindia. com, it was said that internet was becoming a boon for the terrorist organisations. According to Mr. A.K. Gupta, Deputy Director (Co-ordination), CBI, terrorist outfits are increasingly using internet to communicate and move funds. "Lashker-eToiba is collecting contributions online from its sympathisers all over the world. During the investigation of the Red Fort shootout in Dec. 2000, the accused Ashfaq Ahmed of this terrorist group revealed that the militants are making extensive use of the internet to communicate with the operatives and the sympathisers and also using the medium for intrabank transfer of funds". There are few example of cybercrimes that been report and identified for the last few years: 2.1.2 Manner Of Commiting Cyber Crime: 1. Unauthorized control or access over computer system (hacking) This activity is commonly referred to as hacking. It is the most common from of cyber crime snd it continues to grow popularity. A hacker is someone who uses a computer and network or internet connection to intrude into another computer or system to perform an illegal act. This may amount to simple trespassing or acts that corrupt, destroy or change data. 2. Malicious code and virus/ Transmitting virus or worms Malware or malicious software is software designed to infiltrate or damage computer system without owners informed consent. The expression is a general term used by computer professionals to mean a variety of forms of hostile, intrusive, or annoying software or program code.

Worms and viruses are forms of high-tech maliciousness. A worm is a program that copies itself repeatedly into a computers memory or onto a disk drive. Sometimes it will copy itself so often it will cause a computer to crash. A virus is a nonstandard program stored on a computer hard drive that can cause unexpected and often undesirable effects such as destroying or corrupting data. Worms and viruses are passed in various ways: i. by diskettes CDs or thumb drives ii. by network 3. Cyber terrorism against the government organization A software bomb or virus directed against military, government, or civilian computers may make as powerful a statement as a real bomb, and cause just as much damage. The Red Brigade manifesto specifically includes destruction of computer targets as an objective. Cyber terrorism may be defined to be the premeditated use of disruptive activities, or the threat thereof, in cyber space, with the intention to further social, ideological, religious, political or similar objectives, or to intimidate any person in furtherance of such objectives Another definition may be attempted to cover within its ambit every act of cyber terrorism. A terrorist means a person who indulges in wanton killing of persons or in violence or in disruption of services or means of communications essential to the community or in damaging property with the view to (1) putting the public or any section of the public in fear; or

(2) affecting adversely the harmony between different religious, racial, language or regional groups or castes or communities; or (3) coercing or overawing the government established by law; or (4) endangering the sovereignty and integrity of the nation 4. fraud and cheating Internet fraud is any dishonest misrepresentation of fact intended to induce another to do or refrain from doing something which causes loss. Online fraud and cheating is one of the most lucrative businesses that are growing today in the cyber space. It may assume different forms. Some of the cases of online fraud and cheating that have come to light are those pertaining to credit card crimes, contractual crimes, offering jobs, etc. 5. Cyber-stalkingThe use of communication technology, mainly the Internet, to torture other individuals is known as cyber-stalking. False accusations, transmission of threats and damage to data and equipment fall under the class of cyber-stalking activities. The Oxford dictionary defines stalking as "pursuing stealthily". Cyber stalking involves following a person's movements across the Internet by posting messages (sometimes threatening) on the bulletin boards frequented by the victim, entering the chat-rooms frequented by the victim, constantly bombarding the victim with emails etc. Cyber-stalkers often target the users by means of chat rooms, online forums and social networking websites to gather user information and harass the users on the basis of the information gathered. Obscene emails, abusive phone calls and other such serious effects of cyber-stalking have made it a type of computer crime. 6. Phishing

Phishing is the act of attempting to acquire sensitive information like usernames, passwords and credit card details by disguising as a trustworthy source. Phishing is carried out through emails or by luring the users to enter personal information through fake websites. It also might be as simple as trash diving for obtaining useful information about user to phone survey. In this situation, a hacker may contact potential victims by phone, e-mail or fake websites and ask the victims to provide password information for an apparently legitimate reason. Criminals also often use websites that have a look and feel of some popular website, which makes the users feel safe to enter their details there. 7. Spoofing A spoofing attack is a situation in which one person or program successfully masquerades as another by falsifying data and thereby gaining an illegitimate advantage. The word "spoof" means to hoax, trick, or deceive. Therefore, in the IT world, spoofing refers tricking or deceiving computer systems or other computer users. This is typically done by hiding one's identity or faking the identity of another user on the Internet. Spoofing can take place on the Internet in several different ways. One common method is through e-mail. E-mail spoofing involves sending messages from a bogus e-mail address or faking the e-mail address of another user. Fortunately, most e-mail servers have security features that prevent unauthorized users from sending messages. However, spammers often send spam messages from their own SMTP, which allows them to use fake e-mail addresses. Therefore, it is possible to receive e-mail from an address that is not the actual address of the person sending the message.
8. Cyber theft Cyber-Theft is the use of computers and communication systems to steal information in electronic format. Hackers crack into the systems of banks and transfer money into their own bank accounts. This is a major concern, as larger amounts of money can be stolen and illegally transferred.

9. Harassment

Cyber harassment, is a kind of cyber crime that repeatedly making reference to a person in an offensive, rude, or insulting manner online (can be a form of cyberbullying). This is a very common type of harassment via e-mails. Harassment through e-mails is not a new concept. It is very similar to harassing through letters.
10. Computer vandalism

Computer vandalism is a program that performs malicious function such as extracting a user's password or other data or erasing the hard disk. A vandal differs from a virus, which attaches itself to an existing executable program. The vandal is the full executing entity itself which can be downloaded from the Internet in the form of an ActiveX control, Java applet, browser plug-in or e-mail attachment. It also can bring out as the unauthorized removal of valuable information from a computer system, thereby preventing the legitimate user or owner from having access to that information. 11. Logic bomb Logic bomb is a computer program that uses illegitimate instructions or misuses legitimate instructions to damage data structures; operates at a specific time, periodically, or according to other instructions. 12. Attack code Attack code is a a malicious software program intended to impair or destroy the functioning of a computer or a network resource. 2.2 Comparison Of Cyber Crimes In Malaysia And USA In Malaysia, the in Information and Communication Technology industry (ICT) is grow rapidly. The usage and the develop of ICT has been widely found in many sector such like government, private sector and event individuals. However, the develop of ICT also bring along various type of negative effect. The unlawful acts wherein the computer is either a tool or target or both, can be define as cybercrime.

Cyber999 is a service offered by MyCERT (Malaysian Computer Emergency Response Team) was launched on year 2009 to handle security issues or incidents faced by computer/internet users within the Malaysian Cyber-Security constituency. "Cybersecurity crimes in Malaysia average about 300 cases a month and we need to address such issues which include viruses and intrusion," Deputy Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation, Datuk Fadillah Yusof said after the signing of a memorandum of understanding (MOU) between Kolej Yayasan Melaka and The International Council of Electronic Commerce Consultants(EC-Council) Asia Pacific. Based on a report from Cybersecurity, more than 4,000 cyber complaints, mostly concerning cyber crimes have been lodged with Cybersecurity Malaysia in the year 2008 and 2009. Year Complaints % (+ / -) 2007 2,000 2008 2,123 2009 3,564 68 2010 8,090 127 2011 (Jan~June) 7,404 147 Figure 1: Cyber Security Incidents Reported to Cyber999

Malaysian Computer Emergency Response Team (MyCERT) report Although the case classification was same, cybercrimes in Malaysia are low if compare to USA. Based on the IC3 2010 Annual Report on Internet Crime Released, In 2010, IC3 received 303,809 complaints of Internet crime, the second-highest total in IC3's 10-year history. The Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) is a partnership between the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the National White Collar Crime Center (NW3C), funded in part by the Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA). Since its creation in 2000, IC3 has received more than 2 million Internet crime complaints.

Yearly Comparison of Complaints Received Via the IC3 Website

Top 10 Crimes Received Via the IC3 Website All the figures above only shown the cases that had been reported and investigated. The total amount should be higher than the amount that shown since targets may not always report these offences. But the data collected from Cybersecurity and IC3 surveys can help in understanding the impact of cybercrime. Cyber crime is clearly an international problem. The number of cybercrimes increase year by year. Cybercrime is a multi-billion dollar problem. Law enforcement must seek ways to keep the drawbacks from overshadowing the great promise of the computer age. Cybercrime is a menace that has to be tackled effectively not only by the official but also by the users by co-operating with the law.

2.3 Solution
An important question arises that how can these crimes be prevented. A number of techniques and solutions have been presented but the problems still exists and are increasing day by day. Prevent is better then cure, we have to complete our own with the knowledge about how to prevent cybercrimes: 1.to prevent cyber stalking avoid disclosing any information pertaining to oneself. This is as good as disclosing your identity to strangers in public place. 2.always avoid sending any photograph online particularly to strangers and chat friends as there have been incidents of misuse of the photographs. 3.always use latest and up date anti virus software to guard against virus attacks.

4.always keep back up volumes so that one may not suffer data loss in case of virus contamination 5.never send your credit card number to any site that is not secured, to guard against frauds. 6.always keep a watch on the sites that your children are accessing to prevent any kind of harassment or depravation in children. 7.it is better to use a security programme that gives control over the cookies and send information back to the site as leaving the cookies unguarded might prove fatal. 8.web site owners should watch traffic and check any irregularity on the site. Putting host-based intrusion detection devices on servers may do this. 9.use of firewalls may be beneficial. 10. web servers running public sites must be physically separate protected from internal corporate network.

3. Conclution
We are currently living in Cyber age, where Internet and computers have major impacts on our way of living, social life and the way we conduct businesses. The usage of information technology has posed great security challenges and ethical questions in front of us. Just as every thing has positives and negatives, there are two sides to a coin. The usage of information technology is beneficial as well as insecure. With the growth of the internet, network security has become a major concern. Cyber crimes have emerged rapidly in the last few years and have major consequences. As the cases of cybercrime grows, there is a growing need to prevent them. Capacity of human mind is unfathomable. It is not possible to eliminate cyber crime from the cyber space. It is quite possible to check them. History is the witness that no legislation has succeeded in totally eliminating crime from the globe. The only possible step is to make people aware of their rights and duties and further making the application of the laws more stringent to check crime.

4. References:
1. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_does_computer_vandalism_mean#ixzz1d0EW9dwQ 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_crime 3. http://www.cyberlawindia.com/pd.php 4. http://www.marketingcharts.com/direct/web-crime-complaints-drop-yoy-up-in-decade16536/crimecomplaintcenter-crime-trend-2000-2010-mar11gif/

5.
http://highered.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0073401536/student_view0/chapter16/chapter_glossary.htm l