LBB & Busbar
LBB & Busbar
LBB & Busbar
NOMINICLATURE
LBB : Local Breaker Backup Relay. BFR : Breaker Failure Relay. CBF : Circuit Breaker Failure Relay. ANSI Code : 50Z or 50BF. This is Current Operated Relay.
REMOTE BACK-UP
LOCAL BACK-UP
LOCAL BACK-UP PROTECTION CAN BE DEVIDED INTO TWO CATAGORIES. RELAY BACK-UP BREAKER BACK-UP
RELAY BACK-UP
DUPLICATE PRIMARY PROTECTION. i.e ONE IS NON SWITCHED DISTANCE PROTECTION AND ANOTHER IS SWITCHED DISTANCE SCHEME OR OTHER WISE BOTH SCHEMES CHARECTERSTICS ARE DIFFERENT (QUADRALATERAL, MHO CIRCULAR, TAMOTO & OPTICAL ) OR DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS(ABB, ALSTOM, SIEMENS, EASUN REYROLL, SEL, GE, NXT PHASE OR BASLER) OR DIFFERENT METHODS (i.e ELECTROMECHANICAL, STATIC, NUMERICAL{MICROPROCESSOR &DSP}). IF MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 ARE NUMERICAL RELAYS BOTH SHOULD BE SEPARATE CHARECTERESTICS AND SEPARATE MODELS AND ALL FEATURES SHOULD BE AVAILABLE IN BOTH SCHEMES AND BOTH RELAYS SHOULD BE 100% REDENDENCY IN ALL ASPECTS. TO INCREASE THE SECURITY, THE CIRCUIT BREAKER HAS TWO TRIP COILS, ONE IS CONNECTED TO MAIN-1 PROTECTION AND ANOTHER IS CONNECTED TO MAIN-2 PROTECTION.
BREAKER BACK-UP
BECAUSE OF THE HIGH COST OF HIGH VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS, IT IS NOT FEASIBLE TO DUPLICATE THEM. IN CASE OF A BREAKER FAILURE THE OTHER CIRCUIT BREAKERS CONNECTED TO THE SAME BUS AS THE FAULTED BREAKER MUST THERE FORE BE TRIPPED.
RETRIP
NO
YES
INITIATE BFR
AND
The Breaker Failure Protection (LBB/BFR) can operate single-stage/two-stage. When used as single-stage protection, the Bus trip command is given to the adjacent Circuit Breakers if the protected feeder Breaker fails. When used as two-stage protection, the first stage can be used to repeat the trip command to the relevant feeder Breaker, normally on a different trip coil, if the initial trip command from the feeder protection is not successful. The second stage will result in a Bus trip to the adjacent Breakers, if the command of the first stage is not successful.
NORMAL CLEARING
MARGIN
~30ms
~60ms
<12ms
TRIPPING RELAY TIME BACK-UP BREAKER INTERUPTING TIME MARGIN
INOPERATIVE BREAKER
BREAKER FAILURE RELAY START TOTAL CLEARING TIME OF THE BREAKER FAILURE RELAY MAXIMUM FAULT CLEARING TIME BEFORE SYSTEM INSTABILITY
LBB/BFR LOGIC
CURRENT INPUTS PHASE L1 PHASE L2/E PHASE L3
& &
>1
ALARM RELAY (EARTH START) LED (EARTH START)
OUT PUT OF DISTANCE RELAY OR SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT RELAY BINARY INPUT CIRCUIT BREAKER FAILURE INITIATE
TIMING/OUTPUT STAGE
TIME STAGE T1
TRIP T1 RELAY
0
TIME STAGE T2 SWITCHED OFF
& &
>1 O&
LED
TIME STAGE T2
LED LED
CB FAILURE INITIATE
In the event of any CB fails to trip on receipt of command from Protection relays, all CBs connected to the Bus section to which the faulty circuit Breaker is connected are required to be tripped with minimum possibly delay through LBB Protection. This Protection also Provides coverage for faults between CB and CT which are not cleared by other protections.
i) In all new 400KV and 220KV Substations as well as Generating Stations Switch Yard, it must be provided for each Circuit Breaker. ii) For existing Switch Yards, it is considered a must at 400KV level and also 220KV Switch Yards having multiple feed. iii) In case of radially fed 220KV Substations, Provision of LBB Protection is desirable but not essential.
i) Have Short Operation and Drop off times. ii) Have 3 Phase Current elements with facility for Phase wise initiation. iii) have current setting range such that these can be set minimum 200mA for Line and 50mA for generators (for 1A CT for secondary). iv) Have one common adjustable setting. associated timer with
Operating Time Breaking Capacity Stuck Breaker Probability Operating Sequence / Duty cycle
(LBB/BFR)
can
When used as single-stage protection, the Bus trip command is given to the adjacent Circuit Breakers if the protected feeder Breaker fails. When used as two-stage protection, the first stage can be used to repeat the trip command to the relevant feeder Breaker, normally on a different trip coil, if the initial trip command from the feeder protection is not successful. The second stage will result in a Bus trip to the adjacent Breakers, if the command of the first stage is not successful. (This is More recommended)
(i) The relay is separate for each breaker and is to be connected in the secondary circuit of the CTs associated with that particular breaker. (ii) For line breakers, direct tripping of remote end breaker(s) should be arranged on operation of LBB protection. For transformer breakers, direct tripping of breaker(s) on the other side of the transformer should be arranged on operation of LBB protection (iii) For lines employing single phase auto reclosing, the LBB relays should be started on a single phase basis from the trip relays.
(iv) The CT sec core may be separate core, if available. Other wise it shall be Clubbed (in series) with Main-1 or Main-2 protection. (v)It is considered a good practice to have DC circuits of Gr.A and Gr. B protections and relay independent. (vi) LBB cannot operate without proper initiation. It is good practice to provide redundant trip output and breaker fail input where other forms of redundancy does not exist. (vii) Separation should be maintained between protective relay and CB trip coil DC circuit so that short circuit or blown fuse in the CB circuit will not prevent the protective relay from energizing the LBB scheme.
(viii) In addition to other fault sensing relays the LBB relay should be initiated by Bus bar protection, since failure of CB to clear a bus fault would result in the loss of entire station if BFP relay is not initiated (ix) Tripping logic of the bus bar protection scheme shall be used for LBB protection also. (x) For breaker-fail relaying for low energy faults like buchholz operation, special considerations may have to be given to ensure proper scheme operation by using C.B. contact logic in addition to current detectors.
(i) Current level detectors should be set as sensitive as the main protections A general setting of 0.2 A is commonly practiced for Lines and Transformers (ii) Timer setting should be set considering breaker interrupting time, current detector reset time and a margin. Generally a timer setting of 200 ms has been found to be adequate.
LBB/BFR connections during STATIC Relays CT CORE-1 : Main-1 Distance Relay & Fault Locator are in series. CT CORE-2 : Main-2 / Backup Relay, LBB/BFR & Disturbance Recorder are in series.
1-52CB
CORE-1
P2
21 M1 / 87TL
IN CASE OF LINE
P1
FAULT LOCATOR
21 M2 / BU-T IN CASE OF LINE
CORE-2
3 3
P2
P1
LBB BFR
DIST REC
LBB/BFR connections during NUMERICAL Relays 1. Fault Locator is inbuilt feature in both Distance Schemes. 2. Disturbance Recorder is also inbuilt feature in both Distance Schemes. 3. Most of the Utilities are not accepting the LBB is Inbuilt feature of Main-1 or Main-2/ BU Protection. But Accepting Inbuilt feature of BUSBAR Protection.
CORE-1
CORE-2
3 3
1-52CB
P2 P1 P2 P1
21 M1 / 87TL
LBB BFR
NEXT DEVELOPMENT
1. LBB is now connecting in series with BUSBAR Protection Relay. or 2. CT connections are up to LBB and LBB to BUSBAR is Fiber Optic Link. (Numerical Distributed LBB & Centralised BUSBAR Concept) Or 3. LBB is Inbuilt feature of Numerical BUSBAR Protection. (Centralised Numerical BUSBAR Protection)
1-52CB
CORE-1
P2
21 M1 / 87TL
P1
CORE-2
CORE-3
3 3
P2
P1
P2
P1
FIBER OPTIC
OR
NEXT DEVELOPMENT
1. ABB is development of New Concept i.e 2. CT connections are up to Main-1 Protection & Main-1 to LBB / Bay Unit and LBB to BUSBAR is Fiber Optic Link. (Numerical Distributed LBB & Centralised BUSBAR Concept) Or 3. Similarly to Main-2 Protection
1-52CB
CORE-1
P2
CENTRAL UNIT
CORE-2
3 3
P1
FO
FO
P2
FO
FO
P1
21 M2 / BU
LBB/BAY UNIT
CENTRAL UNIT
NEXT DEVELOPMENT FOR DUPLICATE BUSBAR PROTECTION FOR DISTRIBUTED LBB & CENTRALISED BUSBAR
1. 2. 3. 4. In this 2 Nos Central Units are available. In ABB concept 2 Nos LBB/Bay units are connected to different CT cores. Concerned Bay is connected to concerned Centralised Unit Through Fiber Optic. In case of SIEMENS One LBB/Bay Unit is Connected & 2sets of Fiber Optic connections to Duplicate Central Unit.
1-52CB
CORE-1
P2
LBB / BU
CORE-2
CORE-3
3 3
P1
FO
P2
FO
P1
P2
P1
RECENT DEVELOPMENT
1. 2. 3. New Relay Introduced i.e Breaker Management Relay. In this LBB (50Z) + A/R (79) + Check Syn (25) are Inbuilt features. This is connected to Centralised Unit Through Fiber Optic or CT Connections are in Series to BUSBAR.
1-52CB
CORE-1
P2
BMR
CORE-2
3 3
P1
FO
P2
P1
BMR
LBB / BFR Tripping Logic When LBB Operated following Output Operations will Taken Place.
To Main-1 Disturbance Recorder. To Main-2 Disturbance Recorder. To 86 Gr-A Bi-Stable relay. To 86 Gr-B Bi-Stable relay. To 87BUSBAR Output Relays ( 96BB1 and/or 96BB2). Direct Trip Ch-1 to Other end. Direct Trip Ch-2 to Other end. To Annunciation. To SER / RTU. Incase of ONE & HALF CB System, Central/ Tie LBB Having Duplicate Tripping Logics for 2 sides of Main Bays.
( Conventional system)
21 MAIN-1
186 R1
R PHASE TO LBB TO TC-1 TO TC-2
-VE
186 R2
TO TC-1 TO TC-2
186 Y1
Y PHASE TO LBB TO TC-1 TO TC-2
186 Y2
TO TC-1 TO TC-2
186 B1
B PHASE TO LBB TO TC-1 TO TC-2
186 B2
TO TC-1 TO TC-2
BINARY OUTPUT
(Conventional System)
21 MAIN-2
286 R1
R PHASE TO LBB TO TC-1 TO TC-2
-VE
286 R2
TO TC-1 TO TC-2
286 Y1
Y PHASE TO LBB TO TC-1 TO TC-2
286 Y2
TO TC-1 TO TC-2
286 B1
B PHASE TO LBB TO TC-1 TO TC-2
286 B2
TO TC-1 TO TC-2
BINARY OUTPUT
21 MAIN-1
OPERATED TO ANN
OTHER PROTECTIONS
TO TC-1
TO TC-2 TO M1 DR TO M2 DR
21 MAIN-2
OPERATED TO ANN
OTHER PROTECTIONS
TO TC-1
TO TC-2 TO M1 DR TO M2 DR
OPERATED TO D/T-1
FROM LBB
TO TC-2 TO M1 DR TO M2 DR
FOR SINGLE BUS SYSTEM, ONE & HALF CB SYSTEM, DOUBLE CB & DOUBLE BUS SYSTEM & RING MAIN BUS SYTEM
87 BUSBAR
LBB / BFR
TIMER 50X
TO D/T CH-1 TO D/T CH-2 TO ANNUN TO MAIN1 DR TO MAIN2 DR TO SER TO 86 GR-A TO 86 GR-B TO BUSBAR
+VE
-VE
LBB / BFR
TIMER 50X
TO D/T CH-1 TO D/T CH-2 TO ANNUN TO MAIN1 DR TO MAIN2 DR TO SER TO 86 GR-A TO 86 GR-B TO BUSBAR
+VE
-VE
NT
+VE
NT
+VE
In case of Transfer bay / Bus Coupler Bay for Transfer Bus / Bypass ISO System initiation to that LBB
LBB / BFR
TIMER 50X1 -VE
TO D/T CH-1
+VE
50X2
-VE
TO D/T CH-2 TO ANNUN TO MAIN1 DR TO MAIN2 DR TO SER TO 86 GR-A TO 86 GR-B TO BUSBAR IN THIS 2 NOS TRIPPING AUXILIARY RELAYS PROVIDED FOR MAIN CB & TIE CB. IN CASE OF TIE LBB, ONE FOR BUS-1 MAIN CB & OTHER FOR BUS-2 MAIN CB.
TO D/T CH-1 TO D/T CH-2 TO ANNUN TO MAIN1 DR TO MAIN2 DR TO SER TO 86 GR-A TO 86 GR-B TO BUSBAR
LBB/BFR PROTECTION
LINE1 BUS-1 1-52CB 2-52CB 3-52CB AT/F-1 BUS-2
LBB/BFR IS LOCAL BREAKER BACKUP PROTECTION/ BREAKER FAILURE RELAY. 1No RELAY IS PROVIDED FOR EACH BREAKER. THIS IS CURRENT OPERATED RELAY. THIS RELAY IS ENERGISED WHEN MASTER TRIP RELAY(86-A OR/AND 86-B) OPERATES OR SINGLE PHASE TRIP RELAYS OPERATES AND GIVEN SIGNAL TO BREAKER FOR TRIP. IN THIS RELAY TIME DELAY IS PROVIDED. THIS RELAY OPERATES WHEN THE BREAKER IS UNDER TROUBLE/ FAILS TO OPERATE. AFTER ENERGISED THE RELAY AND TIME DELAY COMPLETES, EVEN CURRENT IS THERE THIS THINKS BREAKER FAIL TO OPERATE AND GIVEN SIGNAL AS PER SCHEME DESCRIBED NEXT PRESENTATION. NEW CONCEPT: Normally the CT connections for LBB/BFR relay is in series with Main-2 Protection. In case of Numerical Distributed LBB/BFR and Centralized Bus-Bar System, the CT connections for Bus-Bar are terminated at LBB/BFR and Centralized Bus-Bar is interconnected by Fiber-Optic cable.
50Z
50ZT
50Z
DIRECT TRIP 1&2 VIA CARRIER TO OTHER END BUSBAR-1 PROTECTION OPTD AND BUSBAR-1 ISOLATED
50Z
86-B
3-52CB BUS-2
Breaker Failure Relay of the Main Circuit Breaker Trips the Connected Bus, Tie Circuit Breaker, and Remote End Circuit Breaker
86-A
86-B
2-52CB TC-2
3-52CB BUS-2
Breaker Failure Relay of the Tie Circuit Breaker Trips the Both Main Circuit Breakers and Remote End Circuit Breakers ( In case of Transformer LV Circuit Breaker)
86-B
Breaker Failure Relay of the Main Circuit Breaker Trips the Connected Bus, Tie Circuit Breaker, and Remote End Circuit Breaker ( In case of Transformer LV Circuit Breaker)
OR
BUS-1
OR
10-52
11-52
12-52
BUS-2
OR
OR
15-52
3-52
6-52
9-52
14-52
2-52
5-52
8-52
13-52
4-52
1-52
7-52
LBB/BFR PROTECTION
LINE1 BUS-1 1-52CB 2-52CB BUS-2
50Z
50Z
THE ABOVE SYSTEM IS DOUBLE BUS AND DOUBLE BREAKER SYSTEM. THE ABOVE CONFIGUARATION IS UTILISED IN 765KV SYSTEM. IN THIS SYSTEM EACH CIRCUIT BREAKER HAVING SEPARATE LBB. BREAKER FAILURE RELAY OF THE 1-52 CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIPS THE CONNECTED BUS, 2-52 CIRCUIT BREAKER, AND REMOTE END CIRCUIT BREAKER. SIMILARLY BREAKER FAILURE RELAY OF THE 2-52 CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIPS THE CONNECTED BUS, 1-52 CIRCUIT BREAKER, AND REMOTE END CIRCUIT BREAKER. INCASE OF TRANSFORMER THE REMOTE END BREAKER MEANS IV CIRCUIT BREAKER.
OR
BUS-1
3-52 1-52 5-52 7-52 9-52 10-52
2-52
4-52
6-52
BUS-2
OR
8-52
NEED/NECESSICITY
BUSBAR Protection is provided for high speed sensitive clearance of BUSBAR faults by tripping all the Circuit Breakers connected to faulty bus. A BUSBAR Protection is a Protection to protect BUSBARs at ShortCircuits and Earth-faults. In the childhood of electricity no separate Protection was used for the BUSBARs. Nearby line protection were used as back-up for BUSBAR Protection. In its absence fault clearance takes place in zone-II of Distance Relay by remote end tripping. With increasing Short-Circuit Power in the network separate BUSBAR Protections have to be installed to limit the damage at primary faults. A delayed tripping for BUSBAR faults can also lead to instability in nearby generators and total system collapse.
NEED/NECESSICITY
The earliest form of BUS Protection was that provided by the relays of circuits (i.e. Lines , Transformers, Reactors & Capacitor Banks) over which current was supplied to a BUS. In other words the BUS was included within the back-up zone of these relays. This method was relatively slow speed, and loads tapped from the lines would be interrupted unnecessarily, but it was otherwise effective. Some preferred this method to one in which the inadvertent operation of a single relay would trip all the connections to the BUS. This Means Slow And Unselective Tripping And Wide Spread Black Out.
Greater damage at fault point. Indirect shock to connected equipments like shafts of Generator and windings of Transformer.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
The Principle of Operation of Bus bar protection is Kirchoffs Current Law. i.e. Sum of the Currents Entering in to the Node is equal to Sum of the Currents Leaving the node. Here Node Means BUSBAR.
Deterioration of Insulating Material. Flashover of insulators due to lightning or System Over Voltages. Wrong application of /or failure to remove temporary earth connections. Short circuits caused by birds, monkeys, vermin and the like. Short circuits caused by construction machinery.
EXTERNAL FAULT
I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I5 I3 I1
INTERNAL FAULT
IF
I2
I4
I6
IF
IF= I1+I2+I3+I4+I5+I6
RECOMMENDATIONS
Must have as short tripping time as possible. Must be able to detect internal faults. Must be absolutely stable at external faults. External faults are much more common than internal faults. The magnitude of external faults can be equal to the stations maximum breaking capacity, while the function currents can go down to approximately 2% of the same. The stability factor there fore needs to be at least 50 times i.e. 20. CT-saturation at external faults must not lead to mal-operation of the BUSBAR Protection. Must be able to detect and trip only the faulty part of the BUSBAR system. Must be secure against mal-operation due to auxiliary contact failure, human mistakes and faults in the secondary circuits etc.
MEDIUM/MODERATE IMPEDENCE BUSBAR PROTECTION: This is effectively combination of the normal plain circulating current High-Impedance and Stabilised percentage biased differential scheme. This relay acts as Medium Impedance Protection during internal faults & but Low Impedance Protection during load and external faults. Although heavy through fault currents may produce a different current that exceeds the differential pick-up setting, stabilizing current prevents tripping. The requirements made on the primary CTs are subsequently less stringent than for a simple HighImpedance Scheme.
PHASE COMPARISION BUSBAR PROTECTION: This operates on the principle that any BUSBAR fault will be characterised by all current flows towards the protected BUSBARS and phase coincidence and is checked for positive and negative half cycles. In addition the non coincidence is used for as a blocking signal. However under low fault level conditions, it is possible for some load flow to continue. To prevent this from stabilising the Protection, a fault load current of Highest rated outgoing circuit is normally selected i.e. pick-up level is set above the load current. The differential current can also be included in the phase comparison , there by further improving stability. The Main advantage of this scheme is that, it is not necessary for the current transformers on each circuit to be equal ratio. Also the current transformers may be lower output than those required for High-Impedance Schemes.
PERCENTAGE BIASED DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION: This Protection is known as current comparison with current restraint, biased or percentage differential relaying. The operating current is the Phasor sum of all feeder currents and the restraint current is the arithmetic sum. A trip command is given when operating current is greater than its pickup level and the stabilising factor the ratio of operating current to restraint current. in case of CTs ratios differ, the currents have to be balanced by using interposing CTs (Aux ratio matching CTs). In this load bias take care for any matching errors. where as High-Impedance protection the scheme is inherently stable during CT saturation, in this scheme special measures must be taken to ensure the protection remains stable during CT saturation. In this scheme check feature can be included. This type incorporates a stabilising resistor to ensure through fault stability at high fault levels. This can limit the minimum size of current transformer that will be required to ensure high speed performance.
SUMMATION CTs METHOD In practical application of the schemes, Summation Current Transformers (one per main set of CTs) are normally used. These summation CTs have a tapped primary to which the three phases of the Main CTs are connected, the secondary of the summation CTs providing single-phase output. The Advantages of summation CTs are. 1. Single Relay is used for all three phases. 2. A Definite bias is available for all types external faults. 3. Lead burden on Main CTs is less, provided these CTs are located Judiciously. 4. Secondary Cabling is reduced. 5. Aux switch requirement in Double BUSBAR arrangement is reduced. The main Draw backs are 1. The setting for Various types of faults is different, needing careful analysis. 2. Bias effect is less for Phase faults than for Earth faults.
NUMERICAL BUSBAR PROTECTION In this two Models of Protections are available. 1. Centralised BUSBAR Protection. 2. Distributed LBB (Bay Unit) and Centralised BUSBAR Protection. The following are the advantages in this Numerical BUSBAR Protection 1. LBB and other relays are inbuilt feature. 2. Ratio Matching Transformers are not required. They can be programmed. 3. Isolator selection relays are not required for zone segregation. 4. For any no of Zones of BUSBAR Protection, One Unit is sufficient. 5. In Distributed system Bay Unit to Central Unit is Fiber Optic connection. 6. Check Zone feature like Over-all Differential Protection & Over Current Starter Protection is in built function. 7. Current comparison, CT supervision, CT open circuit & CT Saturation Detection is also inbuilt feature. 9. Disturbance recorder and event recorders are inbuilt feature. 10. BUSBAR Tripping Relays are not required. This is can be configured in BUSBAR Relay/ Bay Unit Binary output contacts. 11. These can be configured either High or Low impedance BUSBAR Protection.
IMPOSES COMPARATIVELY HIGH BURDEN ON CTs. AUXILIARY CTs IMPOSES LESS BURDEN ON CTs. AUXILIARY CTs HAVE NO REDUCE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE SCHEME EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE OF SCHEME. OPERATION OF SCHEME EVEN WHEN CTs GET SATURATED DURING OPERATION OF SCHEME EVEN WHEN CTs GET SATURATED INTERNAL FAULTS. DURING INTERNAL FAULTS. INSENSITIVE TO CT SATURATION. IT IS GOOD SOLUTION FOR SINGLE BUSBAR ARRANGEMENTS, ONE & MOST SUITABLE FOR DOUBLE AND MULTIPLE BUSBAR SYSTEMS HALF BREAKER SYSTEMS OR RING BUSBAR SYSTEMS. ( WITH OR WITHOUT TRANSFER BUS). BASIC OPERATING TIME EXCLUDING RELAY TIME IS 15 20 mS. DETECTS FAULTS WITH IN 1 2 mS AND INITIATES TRIPPING WITH IN 5-7 mS. INABILITY TO COPE WITH INCREASING FAULT CURRENT. STABLE FOR INFINITE FAULT LEVEL.
HIGHLY SENSITIVE FOR INTERNAL FAULTS AND COMPLETELY STABLE HIGHLY SENSITIVE FOR INTERNAL FAULTS AND COMPLETELY FOR EXTERNAL FAULTS. STABLE FOR EXTERNAL FAULTS. THIS RELAY REQUIRES CHECK ZONE FEATURE. THE TRIP COMMAND IS THIS RELAY HAS IN BUILT CHECK ZONE FEATURE (NO SEPARATE ONLY GIVEN WHEN BOTH A DISCRIMINATING & CHECK ZONE SYSTEM CHECKZONE FEATURE) i.e OVER CURRENT STARTING RELAY OPERATES. PROVIDED.
Mal-operation of BUSBAR Protection can result in wide spread system failure. It is therefore considered judicious to monitor its operation by some form of check relay. In case of High Impedance Relay the setting calculations is quite high and some times low settings can be adopted. In this factor of safety is more. This may be possibility for mal-operation from design point of view. The provision of a check feature is therefore purely a measure against mal-operation caused by external agencies.
TRIPPING LOGIC
The TRIP command is only given when both a discriminating/Main Zone and Check-Zone system Operates.
To Zone-1 Trip Relays
+ve
Check zone Relay output
TRIPPING LOGIC
incase of Single Bus System and One and Half Breaker system the output of Main Relay and Check Relay to Main Tripping Relays & check Tripping Relays. The outputs of these Tripping Relays are parallel for Tripping and series incase of interlocks.
87 BB1 96 BB1 To Circuit Breaker Closing interlock Trip Coil R-Ph Trip Coil Y-Ph Trip Coil B-Ph
+ve From DC Source-1
87 BB2
+ve From DC Source-2
96 BB2
Check zone Relay output
i) DC Supply for Bus bar protection shall be independent from feeder. ii) Faults between CB & CT shall be cleared from one side by opening of CB on Bus bar Protection Operation. iii) However clearing of Fault from other side shall be through breaker failure protection. iv) 3ph trip relays shall be provided for each CB which shall also initiate LBB/BFR Protection. v) in case of existing SS where CTs are different ratios, biased type differential protection/ Numerical Bus bar protection is recommended. vi) Length of secondary leads should be kept as minimum as possible. vii) Where lead runs are excessive, an increase in wire size or use of parallel conductors are meant to reduce lead resistance.
87BBM
U U
U U
U U U U U U U U
U U U U U U U U U U U U
52 CIRCUIT BREAKER TRIP COIL - VE
A varistor is normally applied across the relay input terminals to limit the voltage to a value safely below the insulation voltage of the secondary circuits
96 BBM : BUSBAR MAIN TRIPPING RELAY
+ VE
U U
U U
U U
Is
U U
U U
OPERATING COIL
U U
RESTRAINT COIL
Id
+VE
-VE
U U
U U
U U U U U U U U
Vd
SUMMATION CT METHOD
333
333
333
333
UUUUUU UUUUU
UUUUUU UUUUU
UUUUU UUUU
UUUUU UUUU
UUUUU UUUU
U U U U
UU U
U U U U
UU U
UUUUU UUUU
BUS-2
U U
U U
U U
U U
U U
87 BBM-1
ISOLATOR SELECTION
ISOLATOR SELECTION
ISOLATOR SELECTION
ISOLATOR SELECTION
87 BBM-2
87 BBC
U U U U
U U
U U
U U
U U
BUS-2 U U U U U U U U U U
ISOLATOR SELECTION
U U
ISOLATOR SELECTION
ISOLATOR SELECTION
ISOLATOR SELECTION
87 BBM-1
87 BBM-2
BUS-2 U U U U U U U U
U U
U U
BUS-2
U U
U U
U U
U U
U U
BUS-2
U U
U U
U U
U U
U U
BUS-2 U U U U U U U U U U U U BAY UNIT LBB BAY UNIT LBB BAY UNIT LBB U U
U U
U U
BUS-2 U U U U U U U U U U U U
MAIN2 PROT MAIN1 PROT MAIN2 PROT BAY UNIT BAY UNIT BAY UNIT
U U
U U
U U
U U
MAIN1 PROT MAIN2 PROT MAIN1 PROT BAY UNIT BAY UNIT BAY UNIT
MAIN2 PROT
MAIN1 PROT
BAY UNIT
BAY UNIT
BAY UNIT
BAY UNIT
BUS-2 U U U U U U U U U U U U
U U
U U
U U
U U U U
87BB CHECK
89A 89B 89C ISOLATOR SELECTION
U U
89A 89B
U U
89A 89B ISOLATOR SELECTION
U U
89A 89B
BUS-2 U U U U U U U U U U U U
89A 89B 89C ISOLATOR SELECTION
U U
U U
BUS-2 U U U U U U U U U U U U
89A 89B 89C ISOLATOR SELECTION
U U
U U
BUS-2 U U U U U U U U U U U U
89A 89B 89C
U U
U U
89A 89B
BAY UNIT
BAY UNIT
BAY UNIT
BAY UNIT
BAY UNIT
BAY UNIT
BUS-2 U U U U U U U U U U U U
89A 89B 89C
U U
U U
89A 89B
87BB1-CHECKBB1 PROTECTION
U U
U U
U U
U U
1-CT
4-CT
7-CT
U U
10-CT 13-CT
16-CT
U U
17-52
11-52
U U
U U
U U
U U
14-52
U U
3-CT
6-CT
9-CT
U U
12-CT
15-CT
18-CT
BUS-2
87BB2-MAINBB2 PROTECTION
12-52
87BB2-CHECKBB2 PROTECTION
15-52
18-52
3-52
6-52
9-52
U U
20-52
2-52
5-52
8-52
U U
U U
U U
U U
U U
U U
U U
U U
U U
U U
U U
U U
U U
U U
U U
BUS-2
BUS-1
U U
1-52
U U
87 BB2 U U U U
4-52 9-52 8-52 9-CT
87 BB1
U U
7-CT
U U
7-52
12-52
12-CT
U U
11-52
10-CT
U U
10-52
15-52
U U
U U
18-52
18-CT
U U
17-52
16-CT
U U
16-52
21-52
21-CT
U U
20-52
19-CT
U U
19-52
OR
BUS-1
OR
10-52
11-52
12-52
BUS-2
OR
OR
15-52
3-52
6-52
9-52
14-52
2-52
5-52
8-52
13-52
4-52
1-52
7-52
ABB
BUSBAR PROTECTION CENTRAL UNIT BAY UNIT
ABB Network Partner AG REL531
SIEMENS
AREVA
REC 316*4
LINE PROTECTION
21 L1
ABB Network Partner AG REL531
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
C E
C E
21 L2
ABB Network Partner AG REC 316*4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
21 L1
21 L2
21 L1
21 L2
TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
87 T1
C E
C E
64 T2
87 T1
64 T2
87 T1
64 T2
DESCRIPTION
1. IN THIS NO SEPARATE CORE IS REQUIRED FOR EITHER BUSBAR PROTECTION OR LBB / BFR. 2. CENTRALISED BUSBAR IS CONNECTED FROM BAY UNIT OR LBB OR BFR THROUGH FIBRE OPTIC. 3. BAY UNIT / BFR / LBB IS CONNECTED FROM MAIN-1 & MAIN-2 OF LINE PROTECTION OR MAIN & BACKUP PROTECTION OF TRANSFORMER THROUGH FIBRE OPTIC FOR REDUNDANCY TO BAY UNIT. 4. THE CURRENT DATA IS TRANSFERED TO BAY UNIT TO BUSBAR CENTRAL UNIT FROM LINE / TRANSFORMER PROTECTIONS FOR NUMIRICAL ALGORITHAM OF LBB & BUSBAR CENTRAL UNIT AND IT WILL OPERATE FOR INTERNAL FAULTS AND DOES NOT OPERATE FOR THROUGH / EXTERNAL FAULTS.
LBB
(7 SS 52) SIEMENS
FO OR
OR
LBB
OR
TIE CB LBB
OR
(MICOM P740) AREVA
MAIN CB LBB
FO
LBB
FO
(7 SS 52) SIEMENS
TIE CB LBB
OR
FO
(7 SS 52) SIEMENS
OR
FO
OR
(MICOM P740) AREVA
TIE CB LBB
OR
(MICOM P740) AREVA
MAIN CB LBB
LBB LBB
LBB
LBB
LBB LBB
REB 500
ACTIVE START TRIP
TO TRIP COIL-1 CONCERNED BAY CB TO TRIP COIL-2 CONCERNED BAY CB TO CLOSE CIRCUIT INTERLOCK OF CONCERN CB DIRECT TRIP SEND CHANNEL-1 TO OTHER END DIRECT TRIP SEND CHANNEL-2 TO OTHER END
DISPLAY
INITIATE ALL CBs TRIP UNITS CONNECTED TO THIS BUS AND OPERATE.
REB 670
ACTIVE START TRIP
TO TRIP COIL-1 CONCERNED BAY CB TO TRIP COIL-2 CONCERNED BAY CB TO CLOSE CIRCUIT INTERLOCK OF CONCERN CB DIRECT TRIP SEND CHANNEL-1 TO OTHER END DIRECT TRIP SEND CHANNEL-2 TO OTHER END
DISPLAY
HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96BB) FOR BAY1 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96BB) FOR BAY2 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96 BB) FOR BAY3 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96 BB) FOR BAY4 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96BB)FOR BAY5 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96 BB) FOR BAY6
BAY2 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB
BAY3 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
87 BUSBAR
TO START 50 LBB
BAY4 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB
BAY5 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB
BAY6 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB
+VE
BUSBAR PANEL
OPERATED TO D/T-1
FROM LBB
TO TC-2 TO M1 DR TO M2 DR
FOR SINGLE BUS SYSTEM, ONE & HALF CB SYSTEM, DOUBLE CB & DOUBLE BUS SYSTEM & RING MAIN BUS SYTEM
87 BUSBAR
OPERATED
87 B 89 B
TO D/T-1 TO D/T-2
87 C
89 C
FROM LBB
TO SER TO TC-1
IF BUS-1 IS OPERATED THE FEEDERS CONNECTED TO BUS BAR-1WILL BE OPTD BASED ON THE ISOLATOR SELECTION. SIMILARLY FOR BUS-2 & BUS-3 & ANY NO OF BUSES ONLY, EXPECT ONE AND HALF CB SYSTEM, DOUBLE CB SYSTEM & RING BUS SYTEM.
TO TC-2 TO M1 DR TO M2 DR
FOR SINLE BUS AND TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM FOR DOUBLE BUS SYSTEM FOR DOUBLE BUS & BYPASS ISO SYSTEM DOUBLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM TRIPPLE BUS SYTEM TRIPPLE BUS & TRANSFER BUS SYSTEM & QUAD BUS SYTEM (DOUBLE BUS WITH CB SECTIONALISER)
BAY4 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB
HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96BB) FOR BAY4 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96 BB) FOR BAY7 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96 BB) FOR BAY10 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96BB)FOR BAY13 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96 BB) FOR BAY16
BAY7 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
87 BUSBAR
TO START 50 LBB
BAY10 CB PANEL
87 BB-1
BAY13 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB
BAY16 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB
+VE
BUSBAR PANEL
BAY1 CB PANEL
BAY6 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB
HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96BB) FOR BAY6 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96 BB) FOR BAY9 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96 BB) FOR BAY12 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96BB)FOR BAY15 HIGH SPEED TRIP RELAY (96 BB) FOR BAY18
BAY9 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB
87 BUSBAR
TO START 50 LBB
BAY12 CB PANEL
87 BB-2
BAY15 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB
BAY18 CB PANEL
TRIP FROM 50 LBB TO START 50 LBB
+VE
BUSBAR PANEL
BAY3 CB PANEL
UTILISATION RECOMMENDATIONS
BUSBAR protection must be provided in all new 400kV and 220kV Substations as well as Generating Station Switchyards. For existing Substations, provision of BUSBAR Protection is must & considered at 400kV level and at 220kV level. In case of radially fed 220kV Substations, having more than one bus it is desirable to have BUSBAR Protection, but it is an Option. For Substations of High strategic importance i.e. 765KV or 400KV Systems, the complete Bus bar protection can be fully duplicated for Back-up Protection. Dedicated Protections invariably employ separate DC circuits and CT cores. They send trip impulses to separate trip coils and use separate isolator position auxiliary contacts. Cross tripping of both trip coils is also done.