Lab Manual

Of

Electric Drive (PC-EE 791)

Programme Educational Objectives (PEOs)
I. Our graduates will have emphesise on high degree of ethics and standards while executing mulidisciplenary
engineering projects oriented to the application of Electrical engineering..

II. Our graduates will have the ability to adopt contemporary technologies in Electrical Engineering so as to cater
to the needs of the society.

III. Our graduates will have the ability to apply the knowledge gained from modern design methodologies to
address current technical issues and also they will exhibit consideration of economics, environment and social
issues while executing such technical issues.

Program Outcomes (POs)

b. Ability to apply this knowledge of science, mathematics, and engineering principles for solving problems.

c. Ability to identify, formulate and solve electrical engineering problems in the broad areas like electrical
machines, analog and digital electronics, power systems and control systems.

d. Ability to understand and use different software tools in the domain of circuit, field, power system, control
system simulations.

k. An ability to adopt and apply the state of the art interdisciplinary technologies, based on DSP, DIP, AI etc. in
engineering practice.

Course Outcome
A. Get familiarization with controlling of DC., AC. machines by power switching devices through hardware and
software simulation.

B. Study of V/f control of three phase induction motor.

C. Regenerative/ dynamic braking of DC. and AC. motors by software simulation techniques.

D. PC/ PLC based AC./ DC. motor control operation.

Page 2 of 37
 MAKAUT SYLLABUS
Electric Drive
Code: PC-EE-791 Contacts: 3P Credits: 2

List of Experiments:
1. Study of speed control of Thyristor controlled DC Drive.

2. Study of speed control of Chopper fed DC Drive.

3. Study of speed control of single phase motor using TRIAC.

4. Study of PWM Inverter fed 3 phase Induction Motor control using software.

5. Study of VSI / CSI fed Induction motor Drive using software.

6. Study of V/f control of 3-phase Induction motor drive.

7. Study of permanent magnet synchronous motor drive fed by PWM Inverter using Software.

8. Study of Regenerative / Dynamic braking operation for DC Motor - Study using software.

9. Study of Regenerative / Dynamic braking operation of AC motor - study using software.

10. Study of PC/PLC based AC/DC motor control operation.

Page 3 of 37
 CONTENT

Experiment Experiment Page

No. No.
1 Study of thyristor controlled DC Drives 5-8
2 Study of Chopper fed DC Drives 9-11
3 Study of AC Single phase motor –speed control 12-14
using TRIAC
4 PWM inverter fed 3-phase Induction motor control 15-16
using PSPICE/MATLAB/PSIM Software
5 VSI/CSI Induction motor Drive analysis using 17-18
PSPICE/MATLAB/PSIM Software
6 Study of V/F control operation of 3-phase Induction 19-21
motor Drives.
7 Study of permanent magnet synchronous motor 22-23
drive fed by PWM Inverter using Software.
8(A) Regenerative braking operation for DC motor-study 24-26
using software.
8(B) Dynamic braking operation for DC motor-study 27-29
using software.
9(A) Regenerative braking operation for AC motor-study 30-32
using software.
9(B) Dynamic braking operation for AC motor-study 33-34
using software.
10. PC/ PLC based forward/reverse motion control operation 35-37
of Induction motor.

Page 4 of 37
 EXPERIMENT: 01

TITLE: TO STUDY THE THYRISTOR CONTROLLED DC DRIVE.

OBJECTIVE: To study a thyristor controlled DC drive using two individual full converters for armature and
field circuit & observe the speed performance with open loop & close loop control system.

THEORY: The e.m.f equation of a dc motor states that back emf Eb= PZN/60A
Therefore we can write .
N= Eb.60A/PZ
OR, N =(60A/Z)*((V-IaRa)/P)
So from equation 2 we find that the speed control of a dc drive can be achieved by
1. Varying flux/pole
2. By controlling armature voltage
3. By controlling armature resistance or rheostatic control.
In the field control and in armature voltage control we control the corresponding voltages using a
single phase full converter.

1. Armature Voltage Control:

In armature voltage control, the average armature voltage (converter output voltage) is controlled by
controlling firing angle () of full converter. () can be varied from 0 to 90. Beyond 90 the
converter behaves like an inverter.

2. Field Flux Control:

Field flux  is directly proportional to applied field voltage. Again we can write N 1/
when [Link] drop is neglected.

So, reducing field voltage by increasing firing angle () value of converter, we can see increase
device speed. Now the device can be controlled either by:

1. An open loop control

2. Close loop control
This problem of continuous adjustment can be solved by introducing a feedback controller. Here
the PI controllers take the speed & armature current feedback. Figure 1 shows the feedback control
scheme in the close loop control mode.

Page 5 of 37
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

CAUTION:

FOR CLOSE LOOP OPERATION PROPORTIONAL AND INTEGRAL GAIN PARAMETERS SHOULD BE SET
BEFORE SWITCHING ON THE POWER SUPPLY. DURING OPERATION OF THE DRIVE ABOVE
PARAMETERS SHOULD NOT BE DISTRIBUTED.

GENERAL GUIDELINE FOR THE EXPERIMENT:

1. Before switching on the MCB,

Verify the armature pulse switch (S6) should be in off position .
Armature POT should be kept at the minimum position (extremely left).
Field pulse switch (S7) should be off.
Field selector switch (S5) should be kept at fixed position.
Switch S2 should be in INT position for internal reference signal .
2. Switch on the power on/off switch.
3. Switch on the MCB.
4. Switch on the field control pulse released switch (S6).
5. Switch on the armature pulse release switch (S6).
6. Vary the armature potentiometer from minimum to the maximum position.

Page 6 of 37
 PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the armature of the dc motor across the banana connector A,AA and the field across the dc motor F and
FF.
2. Connect the field of the generator to the connectors provided to supply a fixed 180 V DC for generator field.
3. Follow the general guide line(step 1 to 4).
4. Keep the rotary switch S3 in 1 position for open loop study.
5. Keep the switch S1 in the position PV to read the motor speed.
6. Switch on the power ON/OFF switch and check whether it glows or not. Also switch on S6 and S7 switches.
7. Switch on the MCB.
8. Initially note down the speed using a digital indicator.
9. Vary the armature control pot up to its maximum value in steps gradually and note down the armature voltages.
10. While varying the armature pot, also observe the firing angle using a CRO from the comparator output point.
11. Now measure the armature voltage and current for =30 degree and 60 degree.
12. Now put off the switches S6 and S7, MCB and power on/off switch.
13. Return the armature pot in minimum position

Experimental Data Table

i) Armature Voltage Control

Mode of Operation

Open Loop Close Loop

Sl. Firing Armature Field
No. Angle Voltage Voltage Speed without Speed with Speed without Speed with
load(100W load (100W load (100W load (100W
Bulb) Bulb) Bulb) Bulb)

ii) Field Flux Control

Mode of Operation
Open Loop Close Loop
Sl. Firing Armature Field
Speed Speed with Speed with
No. Angle Voltage Voltage Speed without
without load load (100W load (100W
load (100W Bulb)
(100W Bulb) Bulb) Bulb)

Page 7 of 37
 (i) Armature Resistance Control

Mode of Operation
Sl. Firing Armature
Field Voltage Open Loop Close Loop
No. Angle Voltage
Speed in RPM Speed in RPM

-------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
Signature of teacher Signature of student
Date:
Class Roll No.:

Page 8 of 37
 EXPERIMENT: 02

TITLE: STUDY OF CHOPPER FED DC DRIVE.

OBJECTIVE: To study the performance of a chopper fed dc motor drive applying PWM control technique.

THEORY:

The speed control of Permanent magnet motor can be varied either by

1. Changing the armature resistance.

2. Varying the DC armature voltage using:
A. Controlled rectifiers (single phase and three phase)
B. Chopper drive.
In the given trainer kit you can control the DC motor speed by varying the dc voltage using pwm
technique.
At first career wave and a variable reference voltage has been generated. Further they are connected as
inputs to a comparator. Comparator compares both signals and gives high output only when reference
signal amplitude is higher than the career signal. Thus a terrain of pulse has been generated whose pulse
width can be varied by varying reference signal amplitude. This terrain of pulses are further connected
to the Gate terminal of MOSFET which is already connected to DC. source and the motor in series. Thus
by varying the reference voltage, voltage applied to motor followed by speed of the same can be varied.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Page 9 of 37
PROCEDURE:
1. Make necessary circuit connection as shown in fig.
2. After verifying the circuit , connect power supply .
3. Vary reference voltage to vary the output dc voltage by rotating the VR1 pot-meter.
4. Measure the DC output voltage by connecting a multimeter across the output terminal marked as “DC
load” in circuit diagram.
5. Measure the pulse width, time period and duty cycle of the output waveform.
6. Calculate Output voltage an compare it with measured value.
7. Measure the RPM of the motor by non-conducting tachometer.
8. Repeat the experiment several times for different values of reference voltage.

APPARATUS TABLE:

Sl No. Name of Equipment. Qty Range/Rating Maker’s Name

OBSERVATION TABLE
Sl. No. Vin(V) Ton(ms) T(ms) D=Ton/T Vo=[Link](V) Speed in
RPM
Calculated Measured

Page 10 of 37
Assignment
Superimpose carrier wave on reference signal through dual channel oscilloscope and assess probable output
waveform.

-------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
Signature of teacher Signature of student
Date:
Class roll:

Page 11 of 37
 EXPERIMENT: 03

TITLE: STUDY OF A.C SINGLE PHASE MOTOR SPEED CONTROL USING TRIAC

OBJECTIVE:

Study of the performance of a single phase ac voltage controller (using TRIAC) feeding a single phase
induction motor drive.

THEORY:

An AC regulator is a devise to convert a fixed AC voltage into a variable ac voltage keeping the
operating frequency unchanged.

We can manufacture an AC regulator either by-

1. Two parallel operating thyristor, connected to back to back arrangement.

2. Using TRIAC along with a DIAC firing arrangement.
TRIAC control is more feasible in low and medium power operation. The major areas of application of a
TRIAC control are : Fan motor drive, Illumination control, Temperature control heaters etc.

In the TRIAC control, controlling the firing angle of TRIAC (using DIAC firing circuit) we control the ac
voltage. As the on/off period of the ac voltage wave is varied. The rms value of the ac voltage also varied. This
phenomenon happens in both half of the operating cycle of the ac wave.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Page 12 of 37
PROCEDURE:

1. Make necessary circuit connection as shown in fig..

2. Connect a single phase fan load at the outlet socket provided on the trainer kit.
3. Check the arrangement with the fig. before giving supply to the trainer kit.
4. Turn on the instrument.
5. Vary the potentiometer and observe the speed variation of the single phase motor.
6. Observe the waveforms of the voltage across TRIAC using CRO at the terminal show in figure.

CAUTION:

THIS EXPERIMENT IS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH VOLTAGES. HENCE, SUFFICIENT CARE MUST
BE TAKEN WHILE PERFORMING THE EXPERIMENT AND MEASURING THE LOAD SIDE
PARAMETERS.

ASSIGNMENT:

Run the given single phase induction motor from a voltage controller employing a TRIAC. Obtain the
following data.

1. Observe the voltage waveform across TRIAC for three different firing angles. Also note down the rms
value of the load currents for above firing angles.

Sr No. WAVEFORM OF VOLTAGE FOR THE FIRING FIRING VOLTAGE

ANGLE ANGLE in ACROSS TRIAC
degree

Page 13 of 37
 2. Minimum triggering angle at which the control is lost.

3. Plot a graph of triggering angle Vs RMS value of load voltage of the regulator. In a few words justify the
above observation.

-------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
Signature of teacher Signature of student
Date:
Class roll:

Page 14 of 37
 EXPERIMENT:04

TITLE: PWM INVERTER FED 3 PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR CONTROL USING MATLAB

OBJECTIVE:

To simulate a three-phase induction motor drive using MATLAB using PWM inverter.

THEORY:

In PWM inverter the output voltage consists of a number of fixed or variable width
pulses. The on and off periods are controlled by different modulation techniques amongst which
sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) is widely applied in industrial drives. In this case the crosses over
points to switch on and off the devices are determined by comparing the sinusoidal reference
signal with a triangular carrier waveform having a frequency higher than the reference
waveforms. The pulse widths of the gating signal are smaller at the beginning and end of each
half cycle & then gradually increases as the midpoint in each half cycle is approached.

In PWM converter by controlling the magnitude and frequency of the reference signal we
can control the magnitude as well as frequency of the output voltage. One of the major
advantages of the PWM technique is that by selecting proper ratio of the carrier and reference
signal frequency, we can eliminate the lower order harmonics from the output voltage. Higher
order harmonics however can easily be filtered by using a low inductive coil. Thus the
harmonic level in the output voltage can be substantially reduced. Good torque performance can
also be achieved during starting by keeping V/f ratio constant. For higher frequency switching
the selected devices should have a low turn off time. Increase in switching frequency leads to
more switching loss in the inverter but reduce the harmonic loss in the machine. Hence an
optimal frequency should have been selected for minimization of the total losses.

Page 15 of 37
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:

1. Go to “File” option and open a new “model” file.

2. Open the simulink library toolbar.
3. Following fig drag the necessary components. Then connect the components. .
4. Open the scope and adjust the graphs..
5. Analyze the output waveforms obtained in the graph.
6. Set the simulation parameters as Variable step= ode 23tb as solver ,step time=.001s

ASSIGNMENT:

Simulate in MATLAB a PWM based 3-phase inverter based induction motor drive operation operating
at a constant torque load. Find the fundamental and harmonics components of the output.

-------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
Signature of teacher Signature of student
Date:
Class roll:

Page 16 of 37
 EXPERIMENT: 05

TITLE: TO ANALYZE A VSI FED INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE USING MATLAB

OBJECTIVE:

To simulate and analyze a VSI fed induction motor drive using MATLAB.

THEORY:

The DC to AC converting device named inverter may be of two types:

Voltage Source Inverter

Current Source Inverter

In Voltage Source Inverter, the output voltage waveforms are independent of the load.
However the current is dependent over the nature of the load. The output voltage can be either a
simple stepped or a quasi squire wave or a pulse width modulated wave. For stepped waveform,
the harmonics give rise to the increased pulsation of the torque in an induction motor. The
inverter frequency is controlled by the firing signal applied to the switching device, such as
transistor, MOSFET etc. The input of such inverters is a DC voltage, which is obtained either
by a full controlled converters or by a chopper, fed from AC or DC supply respectively.
PROCEDURE:

1. Go to “File” option and open a new “model” file.

2. Open the simulink library toolbar.
3. Following fig drag the necessary components. Then connect the components. .
4. Open the scope and adjust the graphs..
5. Analyze the output waveforms obtained in the graph.
6. Set the simulation parameters as Variable step= ode 23tb as solver ,step time=.001s

Page 17 of 37
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

ASSIGNMENT:

A 3 HP 400V, 4 pole 50 Hz induction motor has the following parameters. Rs=2ohm, Rr‟=5 ohm, Xm =
50ohm at 50 Hz. The motor is driving a fixed shaft torque 5Nm and is being driven by a 3-phase voltage source
inverter at 50Hz with 180 triggering. The DC supply voltage is 500V. Using any suitable software obtain the
following:
1. Speed of the motor.
2. Line current waveforms
3. Line voltage waveforms.

-------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
Signature of teacher Signature of student
Date:
Class roll:

Page 18 of 37
 EXPERIMENT: 06

TITLE: TO STUDY V/F CONTROLLED 3-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE.

OBJECTIVE:

To experimentally study the v/f controls technique of a 3-phase induction motor drive.

THEORY:

There are three different methods to control the speed of an induction motor:

1. Voltage control
2. Frequency control
3. V/f control
In V/f control the speed is varied by varying the supply frequency. To keep the flux constant, the voltage
is also changed in the same proportion. Such technique is applied for speed control of induction motor
below base speed level.

V/f is advantageous because it provides smooth speed variation and good starting performance. In this
arrangement, the motor is not subjected to magnetic saturation since flux is constant. Moreover dynamic
behavior is improved.

The V/f control can be achieved using an inverter controlled by PWM triggering signal. In the PWM
pulse generator, a triangular carrier wave is compared with a sinusoidal reference wave as shown in fig-
1

By changing frequency of the reference wave, can vary the frequency of output voltage. Similarly by
controlling the magnitude of the reference wave, the amplitude of the output voltage is controlled.

Magnitude of the output voltage however is controlled by varying the modulation index (MI). The
voltage modulation index is given as:

Page 19 of 37
 MI= Areference/ Acarrier

Where Areference= Amplitude of the carriersignal

Acarrier = Amplitude of the referencesignal

And the frequency modulation ratio is given by:

Mf = fcarrier/ fcontrol

Generally Ac is kept fixed and Ar is varied. When MI is increased, the average output voltage also
increased. In the three phase inverter, there are three reference waveforms having mutual phase
difference of 120degrree. The reference waveforms are compared with a carrier signal. The PWM output
of the +ve half of reference signal is utilized for triggering the corresponding power switch in phase
which connects the +ve polarity of the supply to terminal „a‟ of the load. Similarly the –ve half cycle of
the reference wave is utilized for triggering the other power switch in phase i.e. IGBT 4 which connects
the –ve polarity of the source to the load terminal „a‟.

Page 20 of 37
PROCEDURE:

1. Ensure all the switches in the inverter system are in OFF position.
2. Ensure the potentiometers for voltage and frequency adjustment are in the minimum position.
3. Connect the 3 phase ac input banana connectors R, Y, B. Ensure also that the connections are tight.
4. Connect a braking resistor of about 200ohm
5. Now, to run the drives firstly switch ON the control power supply.
6. Then switch on the AC input to the rectifier (MCB).
7. Select V/f control mode. Now adjustment of frequency control POT also automatically control the
amplitude of the sine wave.

ASSIGNMENT:

Run a given 3 phase induction motor from a variable voltage, variable frequency supply over a
frequency range attainable with the supply module. Select V/f control model to obtain the following data:

1. Slip Vs frequency without shaft torque.

2. Input current Vs frequency with no shaft torque.
Observe SPWM waveforms

-------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
Signature of teacher Signature of student
Date:
Class roll:

Page 21 of 37
 EXPERIMENT: 07

TITLE: STUDY OF THE PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR DRIVE FED

FROM A PWM INVERTER USING MATLAB

OBJECTIVE:

1. To simulate a permanent magnet synchronous motor drive fed by a PWM inverter using MATLAB.

THEORY:

Permanent magnet synchronous motor is one of the most frequently utilized medium scale ac motors
after induction motor. Here, in the armature is connected balanced 3-phase ac source and the field a permanent
magnet. This motor is popular fpr its simple construction and constant speed operation.

PROCEDURE:

1. Go to “File” option and open a new “model” file.

2. Fig-7 shows the arrangement of synchronous motor drive.
3. Study the fig. and simulate such a circuit in MATLAB model file.
4. Simulate the circuit in discrete mode and observe the FFT analysis of the system.
5. Set the simulation parameters in the variable steps and solver as ode23tb. The sampling time to be set is
.001.

Page 22 of 37
ASSIGNMENT:

Consider the circuit arrangement as shown in fig. now simulate the overall arrangement in the
MATLAB and observe the output waveforms with different loads in the dc shunt motor. Also observe the FFT
analysis of the system waveforms.

Determine the harmonics contents in the lode voltage.

-------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
Signature of teacher Signature of student
Date:
Class roll:

Page 23 of 37
 EXPERIMENT: 8(A)

TITLE: SIMULATION OF REGENERATIVE BRAKING OPERATION IN A DC MOTOR.

OBJECTIVE: To design a regenerative braking arrangement for DC shunt motor drive in MATLAB and
visualize the different waveforms during the normal operation and during braking.

THEORY:

The different types of braking operation of a dc motor drive are:

1. Regenerative braking
2. Dynamic braking
3. Plugging.
Out of those three, regenerative braking is most preferred one. It is the procedure where
the lode side energy is supplied back to the source during the braking operation which
can be utilized for driving some other load connected to the same supply system. The
regenerative braking in a dc m/c can be achieved using a full controlled converter
provided the following conditions are satisfied.

1. Firing angle for the converter should be greater than 90 degrees.

2. The motor back EMF voltage should be greater than terminal voltage of the
converter.
3. For breaking operation, the polarity of the armature terminals should be revised.
Here the direction of flow of the current through the converter is same since thyristor is a
unidirectional device.

For experiment propose, the following steps have been adopted.

1. Initially full voltage from DC source is applied to the armature and the field circuit
and the motor is operated with a particular load torque(T2).
2. After disconnecting the motor armature from the supply it is connected to a low
voltage across a potential divider circuit.
3. Regenerative action take place instantaneously at the moment of transition when
the back EMF becomes greater than the low voltage applied across the armature.

Page 24 of 37
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:

1. Study the simulated model of the dynamic breaking system as shown in the fig.
2. Open MATLAB 6.5 by double clicking on the icon .
3. From the file menu create a new file say circuit_4b.
4. Open Simulink library from toolbar in your new file.
5. Open Simpower system under Simulink.
6. Open the electric source library and drag the voltage source and controlled voltage source into new file. Set
the parameters.
7. Open the Connector block lib and copy ground block in your file.
8. Open the Electric lib. and series RLC branch. Set the parameters as: R=100, L=0, c= inf.
9. Open the measurement lib and copy voltage measurement blocks as required and give suitable block name.
10. Open the machines lib and drag a dc m/c block in your file.
11. From the simulink lib find and drag a manual switch, scope, one demax (no of input=1, no of output-4) and a
constant block (value=10).
12. Connect all the components using mouse as per fig.
13. Set the simulation parameter
14. Run the simulation, observe and sketch the waveforms.

Page 25 of 37
ASSIGNMENT:

Simulate a dynamic braking scheme for a dc separately excited motor. The braking is such the motor
comes to rest from its initial speed of 1600rpm and constant load torque 25Nm. The motor parameters are 220v,
Ra=.5ohm, La=50mH., j=2kgm^2. braking resistor value=1.6 ohm. Find out the braking time and obtain the
plot of armature current variation with time.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

1. Attach a separate sheet for the graphical results ( motor speed, input current and input voltage).
2. Discuss about the result obtained and the various waveforms that you get in the scope. Give waveforms
during the normal operation including the starting and during breaking.
3. What will happen if we use a series motor?

-------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
Signature of teacher Signature of student
Date:
Class roll:

Page 26 of 37
 EXPERIMENT: 8(B)

TITLE: SIMULATION OF DYNAMIC BRAKING OPERATION IN A DC MOTOR.

OBJECTIVE:

1. To design a dynamic braking arrangement for DC shunt motor drive in MATLAB and visualize the
different waveforms during the normal operation and during braking.

THEORY:

Dynamic braking is the procedure where the armature terminals of the motor is
disconnected from the supply and there after it is connected across a suitable resistance so that
the energy due to inertia gets dissipated through the resistance. The dynamic braking system is
not energy efficient in the sense that the load powers get wasted. However in practical case this
is utilized in many areas for its simplicity.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Page 27 of 37
PROCEDURE:

1. Study the simulated model of the dynamic breaking system as shown in the fig.
2. Open MATLAB6.5 by double clicking on the icon .
3. From the file menu create a new file say circuit_4b.
4. Open Simulink library from toolbar in your new file.
5. Open Simpower system under Simulink.
6. Open the electric source library and drag the voltage source and controlled voltage source into new file. Set
the parameters.
7. Open the Connector block lib and copy ground block in your file.
8. Open the Electric lib. and series RLC branch. Set the parameters as: R=100, L=0, c= inf.
9. Open the measurement lib and copy voltage measurement blocks as required and give suitable block name.
10. Open the machines lib and drag a dc m/c block in your file.
11. From the simulink lib find and drag a manual switch, scrope, one demax( no of input=1, no of output-4) and a
constant block (value=10) .
12. Connect all the components using mouse as per fig.
13. Set the simulation parameter.
14. Run the simulation , observe and sketch the waveforms.
.
ASSIGNMENT:

Simulate a dynamic braking scheme for a dc separately excited motor. The braking is such the motor comes to
rest from its initial speed of 1600rpm and constant load torque 25Nm. The motor parameters are 220v, Ra=.5ohm,
La=50mH. j=2kgm2. braking resistor value=1.6 ohm. Find out the braking time and obtain the plot of armature current
variation with time.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

1. Attach a separate sheet for the graphical results ( motor speed, input current and input voltage).
2. Discuss about the result obtained and the various waveforms that you get in the scope. Give waveforms during the
normal operation including the starting and during breaking.

Page 28 of 37
 3. What will happen if we use a series motor?

-------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
Signature of teacher Signature of student
Date:
Class roll:

Page 29 of 37
 EXPERIMENT: 9(A)

TITLE: SIMULATION OF REGENERATIVE BRAKING OPERATION IN INDUCTION

MOTOR.

OBJECTIVE:

To design a regenerative braking arrangement for Induction motor drive in MATLAB and visualize the
different waveforms during the normal operation and during braking.

THEORY:

The different types of braking operation of a dc motor drive are:

1. Regenerative braking
2. Dynamic braking
3. Plugging.
Regenerative braking is defined as a braking process when the power flow takes place from the load
side to the source side. In this case the rotor speed is more then the synchronous field consequently the
slip becomes negative.

Regenerative braking operation takes place under following condition.

a) When the induction motor is fed from a fixed frequency source then regenerative braking is
achieved for speed above synchronous level . Speed can exceed synchronous level when the
load overhauls the motor in the direction of rotation.
b) For a variable frequency source regenerative braking can be obtained at a speed less than
synchronous speed. In this case the supply frequency is reduced & the induction motor starts
feeding the source as a induction generator

Regenerative braking can be implemented in VSI fed induction motor provided there are two full
controlled converters connected in antiparallel mode on the line side. Alternatively a dual converter is
required on the input side for reverse power flow.

CSI fed induction motor drive however has inherent regenerating facility.

Page 30 of 37
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:

1. Study the simulated model of the regenerative breaking system as shown in the fig.
2. Open MATLAB6.5 by double clicking on the icon.
3. From the file menu create a new file say circuit_9a.
4. Open Simulink library from toolbar in your new file.
5. Open Simpower system under Simulink.
6. Open the electric source library and drag the voltage source and controlled voltage source into new
file. Set the parameters.
7. Open the Connector block lib and copy ground block in your file.
8. Open the measurement lib and copy voltage & current measurement blocks as required and give
suitable block name.
9. Open the machines lib and drag a ac m/c block in your file.
10. Connect all the components using mouse as per fig.
11. Set the simulation parameter.
Run the simulation, observe and sketch the waveforms

Page 31 of 37
ASSIGNMENT:

Simulate a Regenerative arrangement in an induction motor drive with the following specification:3-
phase squirrel cage induction motor drive a fixed load of 5KW, 400V dc supply, Discrete PWM generator for
three arm bridge (6 pulses), Modulation index=.9, Driving frequency= 60Hz then gradually reduce the
frequency in steps of 40Hz- 20Hz. For step input set step time=0, initial value=.03, final value=[Link] observe
the waveforms of drive speed and dc link current along with torque in scope.

-------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
Signature of teacher Signature of student
Date:
Class roll:

Page 32 of 37
 EXPERIMENT: 9(B)

TITLE: SIMULATION OF DYNAMIC BRAKING OPERATION IN INDUCTION MOTOR.

OBJECTIVE:
To design a dynamic braking arrangement for Induction motor drive in MATLAB and visualize the
different waveforms during the normal operation and during braking.
THEORY:
For general-purpose drives, the dynamic braking is the frequently used arrangement. Dynamitic braking
for a ac motor drive is achieved following the under written procedure.
1. Disconnect the ac supply from the motor.
2. Connect a dc supply in one of the phases and ground the other two terminals.
When the supply voltage of the motor is disconnected and connected back with the second arrangement
(resistance in series with a dc source), the supply frequency is zero. The stator current being direct, the stator
magnetic field is stationary.
But the rotor continues to rotates in the stationary field in it‟s previous direction. So an alternative current is
induced in the rotor and produces a rotating magnetic field. This rotating magnetic field rotates with the same
speed as that of the rotor, but in the opposite direction so that it will be stationary with respect to the stator. The
rotor current therefore flows in the direction- opposite to that corresponding to the motoring action. So a
braking action takes place. The energy due to inertia is dissipated through the motor rotor and the resistance
connected with the dc supply. This type of braking is known as dynamic braking.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Page 33 of 37
PROCEDURE:

1. Study the simulated model of the dynamic braking system as shown in the fig.
2. Open MATLAB6.5 by double clicking on the icon.
3. From the file menu create a new file say circuit_9b.
4. Open Simulink library from toolbar in your new file.
5. Open Simpower system under Simulink.
6. Open the electric source library and drag the voltage source and controlled voltage source into new file. Set the
parameters.
7. Open the Connector block lib and copy ground block in your file.
8. Open the measurement lib and copy voltage & current measurement blocks as required and give suitable block
name.
9. Open the machines lib and drag a ac m/c block in your file.
10. Connect all the components using mouse as per fig.
11. Set the simulation parameter.
12. Run the simulation, observe and sketch the waveforms.

ASSIGNMENT:

Simulate a dynamic braking scheme for a dc separately excited motor. The braking is such the motor comes to
rest from its initial speed of 1600rpm and constant load torque 25Nm. The motor parameters are 220v, Ra=.5ohm,
La=50mH. j=2kgm2. braking resistor value=1.6 ohm. Find out the braking time and obtain the plot of armature current
variation with time.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

1. Attach a separate sheet for the graphical results (motor speed, input current and input voltage).
2. Discuss about the result obtained and the various waveforms that you get in the scope. Give waveforms during the
normal operation including the starting and during breaking.
3. What will happen if we use a series motor?

-------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
Signature of teacher Signature of student
Date:
Class roll:

Page 34 of 37
 EXPERIMENT: 10

TITLE: PC/ PLC based forward/reverse motion control operation of Induction motor.

OBJECTIVE:

To program a Programmable logic controller through PC for running an induction motor in clockwise
direction for definite time and further to run in anticlockwise direction for another specific time and to execute
the same.

THEORY:

Programmable logic controller (PLC) is a process controller consist of CPU, memory, RAM, ROM,
input card, output card and power supply etc. Among various methods, it is generally programmed by ladder
logic programming language. Inputs come from real world and read by PLC by scanning the I/P cards, then it
executes the program stored in the PLC memory and according to the program logic, it modifies the outputs.
The I/P cards are not capable to handle large power; it takes inputs from real world by the sensors switch.
The power handling capacity of O/P cards are also not sufficient to operate the load directly. To operate the load
according to O/P cards, signal relays are energized followed by make and break operation of power lines
connected to the loads.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Page 35 of 37
PROGRAM:

PROCEDURE:

1. Make necessary circuit connection as shown in fig above.

2. After verifying the circuit , connect power supply .
3. Connect the PLC to PC .by connecting cable.
4. Click on the versa pro icon in the desktop .
5. Make a new folder and name it.
6. Write the program using symbols, blocks and save it.
7. Configure the PLC by left clicking in the way ”VIEW---HARDWEAR CONFIGURATION””
8. Right click on PLC image then ”replace CPU ” selecting correct CPU no which is inside the PLC
module then press “OK”. Then again double click on plc image ”Disable password protection.”
9. Connect PLC by pressing “F9”.
10. When PLC is connected then first clear all data in PLC .
11. Then load logic with configuration setting. By clicking following options.
12. When logic is loaded to the PLC then give necessary input to PLC to run the program.
13. Measure the RPM of the motor by non-conducting tachometer. On time , Off time and direction of
rotation .
14. Repeat the experiment several times, note the results.

Page 36 of 37
APPARATUS TABLE:

SL NO. Name of Equipment Qty Range/Rating Maker’s Name

OBSERVATION TABLE

Sl. No. Direction of Ton(ms) Speed Toff(ms)

rotation

Assignment

Superimpose carrier wave on reference signal through dual channel oscilloscope and assess probable
output waveform.

-------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
Signature of teacher Signature of student
Date:
Class roll:

Page 37 of 37