Biomass and Bioenergy Lab
Biomass and Bioenergy Lab
Biomass and Bioenergy Lab
Outline
Microalgae tecnology Waste to energy Dark fermentation Exploring microbial diversity: some examples Crude glycerol : from lab to industry
100 t/ha/y dry biomass; 1/3 is bio-oil, 2/3 are bioproteins and sugars. From this last fraction it Microalghe around 90 m3/day of is possible to obtain methane.
An estimate based on 2008 statistical data shows that the yearly biomass coming from Agroindustrial chain and urban organic waste have an energy potential of around 100 TWh /year.
It can lead to the conversion of organic waste and feedstock into a host of valuable chemicals and energy The Approach: One way to improve the efficiency of H2 production is to explore the potentials offered by the microbial biodiversity, both in natural and artificial environment, identify and select bacterial strains with high H2 producing abilities from different substrates, and to characterize the microbial metabolism, in order to understand and optimize the whole process.
Wood
Vegetal waste
Animal manure
Glycerol
Dark Fermentation
VFA
Light fermentation
Acetate MEC
Methane Production
H2
H2 + CH4
H
2
CSF4
250
300
50,00
100,00
10 P rofondit (m )
NO3-
Nitrification 150,00 200,00 + + 1/2O NO - + H+ + NH4 2 2 179 H 2O -185 NO2- + 1/2O2 NO3-
15
-298
Eh (mV)
20
25,00
25
NH4+
-250,00 -150,00 -50,00
Eh (mV)
30
35 0
H2S
2000
-305
Pot.Redox 4000
T C 6000
pH 8000 % D.O.
12000
Characterization of the microbial pool obtained from an eutrophic lake for mesophilic hydrogen fermentation
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
DGGE
1 m
3 m 5 m 6 m 9 m 15 m 21 m
Water samples
DGGE
Sedimentwater interface
DGGE
DNA extraction
Niskin bottle
Sediment 34 m (AV1)
Adapted from Paganin et al., 2007, IX Annual Congress of the Italian Federation of Life Sciences (FISV)
AutoAuto-Fermentation
Serial dilutions of extracts were plated on the basal fermentation medium (BFM) in phosphate buffer 0.1M, pH 6,7, 28C. 28 Single colonies were picked up from BFM plates and inoculated in 25 ml bottles containing 10 ml of BFM and tested for H2 production
11 strains out of 63 isolated were selected on the basis of H2 production(> 0,4 moli production(> Selezione degli H2/mole glucosio) idrogenoproduttori
(a) (b)
Sequence similarities between rDNA gene sequences of strain and those of the closest relatives in the NCBI database. Identification performed with RDP Classification Algorithm. Bootstrap confidence values are given between brackets (classification is well supported for confidence > 80%).
Inoculum:
Paenibacillus polymyxa ISSDS-851 1- Pantoea sp.57917 2- Endophyte bacterium SS10 3- Raoultella ornithinolytica Artificial MIX made by 1+2+3
Vegetal Waste
100C 15 min heat 180*C 3h 90C 10 min Sterilized (121C) Sterilized (121C) 0,2% HCl 30 min infrared oven 2h boiled -
Garbage slurry enrichment Cow waste slurry Cow waste slurry Vegetal waste Vegetal waste Vegetal waste + Vegetal waste + potatoes peels potatoes peels Unique microflora Vegetal waste enrichment Vegetal waste+ Unique microflora potatoes peels enrichment
H2 (%) 54-59
Microalgae
Lipids Carbohydrates
Proteins
- EU biodiesel production was 6 million tons in 2006, and is expected to increase to 10 million tons within this year (2010) In China: - As world petroleum prices rise, and as China becomes increasingly reliant on imported fuels, the government has since decided to boost the biodiesel industry - In 2004, the Ministry of Science launched its Biofuel Technology Development Project - In 2005 the government initiated a special agricultural and forestry biomass development program, setting a nationwide target for annual biodiesel production of 2 million tons by 2010 and 12 million tons by 2020 -China has also intensified its research and development in biodiesel technology with a series of government-led research programs and a special fund dedicated to this endeavor. Researchers have achieved several technological breakthroughs, enabling producers to diversify their feedstock and cut costs Worldwatch Institute Visiona for a Sustainable World (http://www.worldwatch.org ) US biodiesel production and its impact on crude glycerol prices (www.thejacobsen.com). Taken from: Yazdani and Gonzalez; www.thejacobsen.com) from: Gonzalez; Current Opinion on Biotechnology (2007), 18 : 213-219. 2007), 213-219.
Contest
At the end of optimization we obtained 2.150 L H2/L/day (yield > 0.94 mol H2 / mol crude glicerol), 50% of glycerol is converted to Ethanol (yield = 1 mol EtOH/ mol glycerol), without preatretment and substrate added. H2 concentration in biogas is 50%.
ENEA UTRINN-BIO
Mass balance
Biomass 7% Gas 13% Ethanol
Energy balance
Hydrogen
7% 14%
Consumption
2%
Others
77%
Ethanol