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    Industrialization, Immigration and Urbanization: Adrianna Anderson Bailey Carney

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    The document summarizes key events and developments during the period of industrialization, immigration, and urbanization in the United States from the 1860s to 1900s. It discusses the growth of cities due to factors like the lure of opportunities, new transportation infrastructure, domestic migration, and foreign immigration. This period saw the rise of political machines to gain immigrant votes, the formation of important labor unions like the National Labor Union and Knights of Labor, economic panics in the 1870s and 1890s, and conflicts between management and organized labor like the Great Railroad Strike and Homestead Strike. Key industrial leaders of the time known as "Robber Barons," such as Vanderbilt, Morgan, Carnegie, and Rockefeller, consolidated their industries

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    Industrialization, Immigration and Urbanization: Adrianna Anderson Bailey Carney

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    Bailey
    66 views29 pages
    The document summarizes key events and developments during the period of industrialization, immigration, and urbanization in the United States from the 1860s to 1900s. It discusses the growth of cities due to factors like the lure of opportunities, new transportation infrastructure, domestic migration, and foreign immigration. This period saw the rise of political machines to gain immigrant votes, the formation of important labor unions like the National Labor Union and Knights of Labor, economic panics in the 1870s and 1890s, and conflicts between management and organized labor like the Great Railroad Strike and Homestead Strike. Key industrial leaders of the time known as "Robber Barons," such as Vanderbilt, Morgan, Carnegie, and Rockefeller, consolidated their industries

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    The document summarizes key events and developments during the period of industrialization, immigration, and urbanization in the United States from the 1860s to 1900s. It discusses the growth of cities due to factors like the lure of opportunities, new transportation infrastructure, domestic migration, and foreign immigration. This period saw the rise of political machines to gain immigrant votes, the formation of important labor unions like the National Labor Union and Knights of Labor, economic panics in the 1870s and 1890s, and conflicts between management and organized labor like the Great Railroad Strike and Homestead Strike. Key industrial leaders of the time known as "Robber Barons," such as Vanderbilt, Morgan, Carnegie, and Rockefeller, consolidated their industries

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    Download as ppt
    66 views29 pages

    Industrialization, Immigration and Urbanization: Adrianna Anderson Bailey Carney

    Uploaded by

    Bailey
    The document summarizes key events and developments during the period of industrialization, immigration, and urbanization in the United States from the 1860s to 1900s. It discusses the growth of cities due to factors like the lure of opportunities, new transportation infrastructure, domestic migration, and foreign immigration. This period saw the rise of political machines to gain immigrant votes, the formation of important labor unions like the National Labor Union and Knights of Labor, economic panics in the 1870s and 1890s, and conflicts between management and organized labor like the Great Railroad Strike and Homestead Strike. Key industrial leaders of the time known as "Robber Barons," such as Vanderbilt, Morgan, Carnegie, and Rockefeller, consolidated their industries

    Copyright:

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    Industrialization,

    Immigration and
    Urbanization
    Adrianna Anderson
    Bailey Carney
    1860s-1900s – City Growth
     Factors: lure of the cities and
    culture, new transportation,
    domestic migrations, foreign
    immigration, Bessemer
    process.
     Leads to public space,
    tenements, pollution,
    skyscrapers, etc.
    1860s-1870s – Political
    Machines
     Product of potential voting
    power of large immigrant
    communities. Mostly
    corruption and graft.
     Promised the immigrants
    jobs and housing if they
    voted for a candidate.
     Most famous was “Boss”
    William Marcy Tweed at
    Tammany Hall in NY.
    1866 – National Labor Union
     A polyglot association.
     Over 640,000 members at peak.
     Mostly male workers, because
    women drove down the wages.
     Requested 8 hour workdays,
    among other things.
     A foundation for other unions.
    One of the founders,
    William H. Sylvis
    1869 – Knights of Labor
     Open to all who “toiled”;
    including women, but
    excluding lawyers, bankers,
    liquor dealers, and
    professional gamblers.
     Loosely organized, over
    700,000 members at peak.
     Interested in a long range long-
    Terence V. Powderly, one of
    range reform of the economy.
    the leaders of the Knights.
    1873 – Panic of 1873
     “Started” by the Northern
    Pacific Railroad and
    rippled to thousands of
    company bankruptcies.
     Resulted in the “The Long
    Depression.”
     Not ending until the mid-
    1890s.
    1876 – President Hayes Elected
     Rutherford Hayes (Rep.) vs. Samuel J. Tilden (Dem.)
     Tilden won popular vote, but Hayes won electoral votes. He needed all 20 of
    Florida and others’ disputed votes to win election.
     Based on electoral commission to decide the disputed votes. There were 5
    Dems., 5 Repubs. (in Congress), 2 Repubs., 2 Dems., and 1 Independent
    (in Supreme Court).
     The Independent was actually semi-Republican, so he sides with the
    Republicans, with a vote of 8 to 7 that Hayes would get the 20 votes.
    1877 – Great Railroad Strike
     Eastern railroads
    announce a 10% wage
    cut.
     Strikers stop work and end
    rail traffic from Baltimore
    to St. Louis.
     Pres. Hayes calls out
    federal troops.
     First major, national labor
    conflict.
    Different Factions (Republicans)
     Stalwarts – those who favored the old
    spoils system like the political machine
     Half-Breeds – those who pushed for civil
    service reform and elected to posts within
    the government
     Mugwumps – Republicans who supported
    the Democrats in ’84 election
    1880 – President Garfield Elected
     Garfield (Rep) vs. Winfield
    Scott Hancock (Dem)
     Republican Half-Breed
     VP was Chester A. Arthur,
    Stalwart
     Garfield was assassinated in
    1881
     Arthur’s decision to keep
    Garfield’s cabinet was looked
    down upon by fellow Stalwarts
    President Garfield
    1884 – President Cleveland Elected
     Grover Cleveland (Dem.) vs.
    James G. Blaine (Rep.)
     Gained Mugwumps support,
    hoping he would fulfill reform
    promises
     Strengthened Executive
    power by claiming that
    executive appointments were
    the prerogative of executive
    and not the Senate
    1886 – American Federation of
    Labor
     Made of autonomous craft unions
    and represented mainly skilled
    workers.
     Opposed women membership, but
    championed for women’s
    workplace rights.
     Called for 8 hour workdays, better
    wages, and better working
    Samuel Gompers, one of the conditions.
    leaders of the AFL.
     Supporter of immediate relief.
    1886 – Haymarket Square
     A strike against the McCormick
    Harvester Company in Chicago
    was going on; police want it
    ended.
     Someone throws a bomb into the
    crowd; most likely some
    anarchist.
     Anarchy becomes a worry among
    Americans.
     Devastating to the Knights of
    Labor.
    1888 - Harrison Elected
     Ran on the Republican ticket against Grover
    Cleveland
     Lost the popular vote by 100,000 but won the
    electoral college 233 to 168.
    1890s – New Immigrants
     Immigration had shifted from
    western Europeans to
    southern and eastern
    Europe.
     Included Italians, Poles,
    Slavs, Greeks, Russians,
    and others.
     Creates more unskilled
    workforce labor, but makes
    ethic cities as well.
    1892 – Homestead Strike
     Affiliated with the AFL.
     At Homestead Iron and Steel Plant,
    wage cuts were made over the years,
    and a union calls for a strike.
     Pinkertons are called in. Come by
    water, but oil and fire on water stop
    them.
     Penn. National Guard is called in.
     Union falls apart and work resumes.
    1892 – Chinese Exclusion Act
     A ten year suspension on
    Chinese immigration,
    which would later be
    extended.
     Said that the Chinese
    endangered the well being
    of Americans.
     Mostly wanted them out
    because of the scarce jobs
    they were taking.
    1892 - President Cleveland Re-Elected

     Ran on the Democratic ticket against Benjamin


    Harrison
     Under his administration, the nation suffered
    through the Panic of 1893.
    1893 – Columbian Exposition in
    Chicago
     Also known as the Chicago
    World’s Fair.
     Made to honor 400 year
    anniversary of Columbus’
    journey to the U.S.
     Around a large lagoon in the
    center, there was the “Great
    White City,” full of neoclassical
    (Greek inspired) buildings.
     Inspired the “city beautiful”
    movement.
    1893 – Panic of 1893
     One of the most severe
    depressions up until that time.
     Two railroad companies can’t
    pay back loans, causing panic
    in banks, small and large
    businesses, etc.
     Farm prices are also on the
    downturn, with high production “Panic” is sweeping up Wall
    Street after the collapse.
    and low demand.
     Every industry is affected.
    1894 – Pullman Strike

     Pullman Sleeping Car Company.


    Made a town for workers to live in.
     Winter 1893-94 made wage cuts, but
    didn’t lower rent price (already pricy).
     Strike led by Eugene V. Debs.
     After disagreements with negotiators
    (notably John Altgeld), federal troops
    were sent it to end it.
    1896 – McKinley Elected
     McKinley vs. William Jennings Bryan (Populist and
    “Cross of Gold” Speech). The birth of modern
    campaigning, with speeches and money spent.
     Populists join with Democrats, but it was unsuccessful.
    Marks the end of the Populist party.
    Other Important Acts throughout era
     Pendleton Act (1883) – established written
    examinations for federal jobs (eliminated
    spoils system)
     Interstate Commerce Act (1887) –
    shipping via railroad could not be charged
    between long and short hauls
     Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890) – regulated
    operations of corporate trusts
     McKinley Tariff (1890) – caused prices to
    rise on American and imported goods
    Robber Barons
     Cornelius Vanderbilt
     Famous for the railroad
    industry and its expansion
     He used horizontal
    consolidation, joining all the
    railroads together
    Robber Barons
     JP Morgan
     Most notably known for
    banking and finances
     Perfected the idea of the
    trust
     Loaned money to
    Carnegie
    Robber Barons
     Andrew Carnegie
     Known mostly for his
    steel company and
    merged with smaller
    ones to for US Steel
    Co.
    Robber Barons
     John D Rockefeller
     Created Standard Oil
    Company in 1870 and was
    the most successful
    industry
     Used vertical and
    horizontal integration
     The richest man in the
    world when he was at the
    top of his career
    Other Important People
     Eugene V. Debs – one of the founders of
    the Wobblies, known for strike on Pullman
    Car Co.
     Molly Maguires – men in PA who used
    terrorist tactics to intimidate coal workers
     Jacob S. Coxey – led march down
    Washington advocating for jobs to the
    unemployed (AKA Coxey’s Army)
    Other Topics
     Horatio Alger – Born to Rise, a novel
    about those who were born dirt poor and
    achieved success like entrepreneurs did.
     Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives,
    documented tenement living in NY – led to
    muckraking.
     Yellow Dog contracts – documents stating
    workers would not join a labor union.

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