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Centrifugal Compressor Vibrations: Oil & Gas Customer Training Center
Centrifugal Compressor Vibrations: Oil & Gas Customer Training Center
CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR
VIBRATIONS
WHAT IS A VIBRATION ?
VIBRATION IS SIMPLY THE MOTION OF A MACHINE OR MACHINE PART BACK AND FORTH FROM ITS POSITION OF REST
THE CAUSE OF VIBRATION IS A FORCE WHICH IS CHANGING IN EITHER ITS DIRECTION OR ITS AMOUNT Force F Frequency
Mechanical
Structure
Motion X
Frequency *
PHASE
CYCLE FREQUENCY VIBRATION VELOCITY VIBRATION ACCELERATION
AMPLITUDE
MAX VIBRATION PART DISPLACEMENT FROM ITS NEUTRAL POSITION
PHASE
THE POSITION OF A VIBRATION PART AT A GIVEN INSTANT WITH REFERENCE TO A FIXED POINT OR ANOTHER VIBRATING PART
CYCLE
THE MOTION OF THE VIBRATION PART FROM ITS NEUTRAL POSITION TO THE TOP LIMIT OF TRAVEL BACK THROUGH THE NEUTRAL POSITION TO THE BOTTOM LIMIT OF TRAVEL AND ITS RETURN TO THE NEUTRAL POSITION
FREQUENCY
THE NUMBER OF TIMES A COMPLETE MOTION CYCLE TAKE PLACE DURING THE PERIOD OF ONE SECOND
VIBRATION VELOCITY
THE SPEED OF VIBRATING PART IN ITS MOTION BECAUSE OF THE VELOCITY CHANGE POINT BY POINT IN THE CYCLE FOR MEASUREMENT IS SELECTED THE HIGHEST THAT IS REALIZED WHEN THE VIBRATING PART PASS THROUGH THE NEUTRAL POSITION
VIBRATION ACCELERATION
THE ACCELERATION OF VIBRATING PART IN ITS MOTION
BECAUSE OF THE ACCELERATION CHANGE POINT BY POINT IN THE CYCLE FOR MEASUREMENT IS SELECTED THE HIGHEST
THAT IS REALIZED WHEN THE VIBRATING PART RICH THE LIMIT OF TRAVEL
The amplitude and frequency of the rotor vibrations are very important for a centrifugal compressor.
The rotor vibration amplitude must not cause: Contact between rotor and stator parts Oil seals and dry gas seals overloading Fatigue in the bearings
The typical vibrations of the centrifugal compressors can be generally classified with reference to the frequency of the vibration. According to this classification the vibration may be: synchronous the vibration frequency corresponds to the speed rotation of the machine
asynchronous the vibration frequency is different from the speed rotation of the machine
SYNCHRONOUS VIBRATION
= R
The most common causes result : Unbalance in the rotor system
ASYNCHRONOUS VIBRATION
It is necessary to do another distinction between frequency vibration and machine rotation:
R
R
= KR
Frequency Vibration lower or higher than
= KR
The most common causes result :
Coupling Misalignment
= 2R
=0.5 R
RESONANCE
A system is in resonance when vibration displacement becomes maximum.
NATURAL FREQUENCY
It is necessary to determine the field operation speeds that avoid the resonance.
SM
SM
AMPLIFICATION FACTOR To shoot this objective has been defined the Amplification Factor ( AF ). That is an index of maximum vibration displacement.
The field is limited from the Separation Margin (SM ) that is a function of AF.
SM
SM
g
If
If AF < 2.5 no SM is required. The response is considered critically dumped 2.5 < AF <3.55 is required:
If the critical response peak is below the minimum operating speed, the required SM is equal to the following:
SM=100-[84+6/(AF-3)] ( % of minimum speed)
If the response peak is above the trip speed, the required SM is equal to the following: SM=[126-6/(AF-3)]-100 (% of maximum speed)